LwM2M is a standard for device management that solves many of the issues M2M and IoT solutions makers have faced in the past (or, let's be realistic, are still facing), with custom protocols or even standards like OMA-DM: complex workflows, high bandwidth usage, lack of open-source implementations... Join this talk to get an overview of the LwM2M protocol, and to learn how you can start managing an embedded device with Eclipse Wakaama (yes, it fits in an Arduino, and yes, there will be a live demo!), or build your own device management server with Eclipse Leshan.

1. Manage all the things,
small and big,
with open source
LwM2M implementations
Benjamin Cabé* – Eclipse Foundation
* many thanks to Julien Vermillard for most of the slides!

2. Device Management
● Configure the device
○ Reboot
○ Update APN, current date/time, …
● Update the software (and firmware)
● Manage the software
○ Change settings
○ Access logs
● Monitor and gather connectivity statistics
○ Amount of sent/received data
○ Number of SMS received/sent
2

3. Device Management
3
Device Management server
(not necessarily the server used for
IoT application data)
● Has security credentials for
devices on the field (X.509
certificate, public key, …)
● Provides high-level API for
batch updates
● May integrate with IT backendIoT Device
● Runs a device management
agent, usually in the firmware
● Embeds a private/public key
pair to cipher communication
● Has DM server’s public key to
authenticate it is talking to
intended server

4. D.M. standards protocols
● Usual suspects:
○ TR-069
○ OMA-DM
○ Lightweight M2M
● Goals: provide a way to manage fleets of
devices that is application-agnostic
4

5. Lightweight M2M
● A new Open Mobile Alliance standard
● An OMA-DM successor for M2M targets
● Built on top of CoAP
○ much lighter than OMA-DM or TRS-069
○ enables the use of SMS for wakeup (or any REST
interaction really!)
5

6. Lightweight M2M (LwM2M)
● An Open Mobile Alliance standard
● A « reboot » of OMA-DM for M2M
● Built on top of CoAP
○ much lighter than OMA-DM or TRS-069
○ enables the use of SMS for wakeup (or any
REST interaction really!)
● REST API for Device Management
● Standard objects for Security, Location,
Firmware, …
○ and also: IPSO Smart Objects, 3rd
party, …

7. LWM2M features
● Firmware upgrade (in band or over HTTP)
● Device monitoring and configuration
● Server provisioning (bootstraping)
7

8. LWM2M: standard objects
● Device
● Server
● Connectivity monitoring
● Connectivity statistics
● Location
● Firmware
LwM2M objects have a numerical identifier
(Device = 3, Location = 6, …)
8

9. LWM2M URIs
URLs:
/{object}/{instance}/{resource}
Example:
/6/0 = whole position object (binary TLV)
/6/0/2 = only the altitude value
9

10. Leshan
Open-source Lightweight M2M for Java

11. Leshan
A Java library for implementing LwM2M servers
(and clients)
Friendly for any Java developer (no framework,
few dependencies)
But also a Web UI for discovering and testing the
protocol

12. Features
Client initiated bootstrap
Registration/Deregistration
Read, Write, Create objects
TLV encoding/decoding
OSGi-friendly

13. Features (cont’d)
DTLS Pre shared key
DTLS Raw public key
Standalone web-UI for testing

14. Server
Simple Java library
Build using “mvn install”
Based on Californium and Scandium
Under refactoring for accepting other CoAP lib

15. Server API example
public void start() {
// Build LWM2M server
LeshanServerBuilder builder = new LeshanServerBuilder();
lwServer = builder.build();
lwServer.getClientRegistry().addListener(new ClientRegistryListener() {
@Override
public void registered(Client client) {
System.out.println("New registered client with endpoint: " +
client.getEndpoint());
}
@Override
public void updated(Client clientUpdated) {
System.out.println("Registration updated");
}
@Override
public void unregistered(Client client) {
System.out.println("Registration deleted");
}
});
// start
lwServer.start();
System.out.println("Demo server started");
}

16. Server API example
// prepare the new value
LwM2mResource currentTimeResource = new LwM2mResource(13,
Value.newDateValue(new Date()));
// send a write request to a client
WriteRequest writeCurrentTime = new WriteRequest(client, 3, 0, 13,
currentTimeResource, ContentFormat.TEXT, true);
ClientResponse response = lwServer.send(writeCurrentTime);
System.out.println("Response to write request from client " +
client.getEndpoint() + ": " + response.getCode());

17. Client
Under construction! API will probably change
Create objects, answer to server requests
DTLS supported in master
Check out: leshan-client-example

18. Next steps
Eclipse.org migration
X.509 DTLS
CoAP shim, CoAP TCP
Stable API for June (inc. client polishing)
And also:
JSON content-type
SMS
Server initiated bootstrap

19. Eclipse Wakaama
Lightweight M2M implementation in C
Photo credits: https://www.flickr.com/photos/30126248@N00/2890986348

20. Wakaama
A C client and server implementation of LwM2M
Not a shared library (.so/.dll)
POSIX compliant and embedded friendly
Plug your own IP stack and DTLS implementation

21. Features
Register, registration update, deregister
Read, write resources
Read, write, create, delete object instances
TLV or plain text
Observe

22. lwm2m_object_t * get_object_device()
{
lwm2m_object_t * deviceObj;
deviceObj = (lwm2m_object_t *)lwm2m_malloc(sizeof(lwm2m_object_t));
if (NULL != deviceObj)
{
memset(deviceObj, 0, sizeof(lwm2m_object_t));
deviceObj->objID = 3;
deviceObj->readFunc = prv_device_read;
deviceObj->writeFunc = prv_device_write;
deviceObj->executeFunc = prv_device_execute;
deviceObj->userData = lwm2m_malloc(sizeof(device_data_t));
if (NULL != deviceObj->userData)
{
((device_data_t*)deviceObj->userData)->time = 1367491215;
strcpy(((device_data_t*)deviceObj->userData)->time_offset, "+01:00");
}
else
{
lwm2m_free(deviceObj);
deviceObj = NULL;
}
}
return deviceObj;
}
Create obje

23. objArray[0] = get_object_device();
if (NULL == objArray[0])
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create Device objectrn");
return -1;
}
objArray[1] = get_object_firmware();
if (NULL == objArray[1])
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create Firmware objectrn");
return -1;
}
objArray[2] = get_test_object();
if (NULL == objArray[2])
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create test objectrn");
return -1;
}
lwm2mH = lwm2m_init(prv_connect_server, prv_buffer_send, &data);
if (NULL == lwm2mH)
{
fprintf(stderr, "lwm2m_init() failedrn");
return -1;
}
result = lwm2m_configure(lwm2mH, "testlwm2mclient", BINDING_U, NULL,
OBJ_COUNT, objArray);
...
result = lwm2m_start(lwm2mH);
Configure
Wakaama

24. while (0 == g_quit)
{
struct timeval tv;
tv.tv_sec = 60;
tv.tv_usec = 0;
/*
* This function does two things:
* - first it does the work needed by liblwm2m (eg. (re)sending some packets).
* - Secondly it adjust the timeout value (default 60s) depending on the
* state of the transaction (eg. retransmission) and the
* time between the next operation
*/
result = lwm2m_step(lwm2mH, &tv);
if (result != 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "lwm2m_step() failed: 0x%Xrn", result);
return -1;
}
}
Active loop

25. Next?
Device initiated bootstrap
More examples:
https://github.com/kartben/Wakaama-mbed
Server?
Block transfer?

26. Hack it into real devices!
… DEMO TIME!

27. Spark Core
● Cortex-M3 STM32,
● RAM/ROM 20/128k, 72MHz
● WiFi
Wakaama + TinydTLS-0.5
Functions: dTLS (PSK)
LwM2M Objects: device
Footprint:
“empty”-App: 75.6 KB Flash / 13.1 KB RAM
simple-lwm2m: 107 KB Flash / 15.2 KB RAM (overhead = 32KB / 3.1kB!)

28. U-blox MBed.org
● Cortex-M3 (NXP LPC1768),
● RAM/ROM 20/128k, 96MHz
● GPRS
Functions: observe, attribute:
Objects: server, security, device, conn_m, firmware, location
Footprint (RTOS + commandline + lwm2m stack): 84 KB Flash / 22 KB RAM

29. Arduino Mega
● ATmega2560
● RAM/ROM 8/256k, 16MHz
● Ethernet
Functions: observe, attribute
Objects: server, security, device, conn_m, firmware, location
Footprint (C++ wrapper + simulator + lwm2m stack): 67 KB Flash / 5 KB RAM

30. Lua binding
https://github.com/sbernard31/lualwm2m
With DTLS support using:
https://github.com/sbernard31/luadtls
binding on top of TinyDTLS (http://tinydtls.sf.net)

31. How to help?
Use it! Report bugs, issue, missing features
Write documentation
Talk about Wakaama and Leshan, they are cool!
Contribute code
Questions?
https://dev.eclipse.org/mailman/listinfo/leshan-dev
https://dev.eclipse.org/mailman/listinfo/wakaama-dev

32. Thanks!
benjamin@eclipse.org
@kartben
http://iot.eclipse.org