1. Katia Jepson

2. 1. Nationalities
2. Steam Changers
3. Para
4. Object Pronoun Placements
5. IOP
6. Gustar
7. Affirmative & Negative Words
8. Superlatives
9. Reflexives
10. Affirmative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement
11. Negative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement
12. Sequencing events

4. 1. Attach the pronoun to the infinitive
2. Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense
3. Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command
4. Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb

5. • Generally means ‘for’
• The following include all uses of ‘para’:
Use Spanish English
In order to Llamaré para confirmarlo. I will call in order to
confirm
Intended for Un regalo para su novia. A present for her
boyfriend. (intended for)
Destination Salen para Londres. They are leaving for
London.
For length of time Necesito una habitacióon I need a room for 6 nights.
para 6 noches.
In time phrases to specify Lo necesito para mañana. I need it for tomorrow.
a future moment in time
Comparison Es alto para su edad. He is tall for his age.
To be about to Está para llover. It is about to rain.

6. Pedir Pensar
pido pienso
pides piensas
Pido Piden Piensa piensan
ei e  ie
*The stem
doesn’t
change in the Stem Changing
nosotros (we) Verbs
or vosotros
(you) form.
u  ue o
ue
Jugar Contar
Juego Cuento
Juegas Cuentas
Juega Juegan Cuenta Cuentan

7. • Indirect object pronouns are nouns that tell to whom/what
or for whom/what. They replace or accompany indirect
objects.
Singular Plural
Me Nos
-me -us
Te Os
-you (familiar) -you (familiar)
Le Les
-you -you, then
(formal),him, h
er

8. • Use gustar to express what activities people like to do:
me gusta… nos gusta…
te gusta… os gusta…
le gusta… les gusta…
• When you talk about things that people like, change the form of
gustar to match the singular or plural nouns for those things.
Singular
me gusta la idea nos gusta la idea
te gusta la idea os gusta la idea
le gusta la idea les gusta la idea
Plural
me gustan las personas nos gustan las personas
te gustan las personas os gustan las personas
le gustan las personas les gustan las personas

9. Affirmative Words Negative Words
Algo – something Nada – nothing
Alguien – someone Nadie – no one
Algún/alguno(a) – Ningún/ninguno(a) – none, not
same any
Siempre – always Nunca – never
También – also Tampoco – neither, either
• Alguno and ninguno have different forms when used before masculine
singular nouns.
alguno  algún ninguno  ningún
• If a verb is proceeded by no, words that follow must be negative. A double
negative is required is required in Spanish when no precedes the verb.
No quiero nada. Carlos no quiere ninguno.
• However, if a negative word, such as nunca or nadie, comes before the
verb, a second negative is not needed.
Nadie quiere postre. Las chicas nunca comen en casa.

10. -ísimo These are the suffixes
-ísimos added to adjectives and
averbs. It is equivalent
-ísima
to extremely or very
-ísimas before an adjective or
malo  malísimo
adverb.
muchas  muchísimo
muchas  muchísimo
Adjectives and adverbs ending in c, g, or z, change the
spelling to qu, gu, and c respectively.
rico  riquísimo
larga  larguísimo
feliz  felicísimo
Adjectives that end in –n or –r form by adding –císimo/a
joven  jovencísimo
trabajador 
trabajadorcísimo

11. How do you form these
verbs?
• To describe people doing 1. Conjugate the verb
things for themselves, use 2. Add the reflexive pronoun
reflexive verbs. Reflexive
me nos
pronouns are used with the
te os
reflexive verbs to indicate
se se
that the subject of the
sentence receives the
action of the verb. Position
1. In front of a conjugated verb
• In the reflexive 2. Attached to a gerund
construction, the subject is 3. Attached to an infinitve
also the object. 4. Attached to an affirmative
• The subject, the command
pronoun, and the verb are Por ejemplo:
all in the same form. 1. Yo me levanto a las ocho
de la mañana.
2. Ella se despierta muy
temprano.

12. Affirmative Tú Commands
Give instructions or commands to someone by using the Affirmative tú
commands of regular verbs.
Caminar ¡Camina! ¡Camina en el parque!
Comer ¡Come! ¡Come todo la
hamburguesa!
*Notice it is a tú command, but ends like a
3rd house form.
Can attach to
Affirmative tú Simply drop direct object
commands the ‘s’ pronoun
ending
Irregular Affirmative Tú Commands Pronoun
Placement
Infinitve Affirmative tú  Remember that when you use a pronoun with
command an affirmative command, the pronoun attaches
Decir Di to the command.
Hacer Haz ex: ¡Ponte otro camisa!
Ir Ve  When usingan object pronoun, attach the
Poner Pon pronoun to the end of the affirmative
Salir Sal command.
Ser Sé ex: Cruza el parque  ¡Cruzalo!
Tener Ten
Venir Ven

13. When you tell someone what not to do, use a negative
command. Change to
Negative tú opposite vowel
Put in ‘yo’ form Add an ‘s’
commands ar  e
er/ir  a
Infinitive yo form negative tú
command
Tú negative
Hablar hablo ¡No hables!
No des/digas
Volver vuelvo ¡No vuelvas!
No hagas
No nayas
No pongos
Irregular Negative Tú Commands
No salgas  A few verbs have irregular negative tú commands.
No seas Notice that none of the yo forms of these verbs end
No tengas in –o.
No vengas Dar (doy)  No le des mi dirección a nadie.
Estar (estoy)  No estés triste.
Ir (voy)  No voyas a la tiende.
Ser (soy) 
Pronoun Placement No seas mala.
 Object pronouns precede the verbs in negative commands, just as with other
conjugated verbs.
ex: ¡No lo uses!  Don’t use it

14. Primero first Antes de before
entonces then Después de after
Luego/ Los lunes, The
after mondays, tue
después martes, etc.
sdays, etc.
Por la In/during
Por fin finally
mañana the morning
In/during
No specific Por la tarde the
time given afternoon
Por la In/during
noche the evening