Escorts Service Nagavara ☎ 7737669865☎ Book Your One night Stand (Bangalore)
katie roberts portfolio
1. Katie Roberts
1050 Lafayette Street | Apt 202
Denver | Colorado | 80218
(949)375-1421
katiebobbiedesigns@gmail.com
EDUCATION August 2007 - May 2010 Projects: Residential, Commercial, Museum, Sustainability, Urban Design COMPUTER SKILLS Revit Google Sketchup
Masters of Architecture Use of software as well as hand drawing, sketching, and rendering AutoCAD Adobe Creative Suite
University of Colorado Denver Digital Design and Fabrication Rhino Microsoft Office
3d Studio Max
Summer 2006 Model Construction and hand drawing
Academy in Architecture Projects: Mixed Use and Transportation design
University of Texas Austin Emphasis in basic structure, materials, site, context, and experience AWARDS Advanced Studio Design Excellence Nominee 2010 | University of Colorado Denver
Digital Materialism Exhibition Participant 2010 | University of Colorado Denver
August 2001 - May 2006 Capstone Business Simulation Competition Industry Team Winner Award of Excellence for Summer Academy Design Studio | University of Texas Austin
BA English Literature Directed & Coordinated University Pan-Cultural Fair Dean’s List | 8 Semesters | San Francisco State University
Minor in Entrepreneurship Co-developed and presented a restaurant business plan High School Class President | 4 years
(School of Business)
San Francisco State University
GENERAL SKILLS Design Construction Documents AFFILIATIONS LEED AP Golden Key International
AIAS Women in Design
Model Construction Design | Build
NCARB
Hand Sketching
2. Los Angeles Arts District Community Collective
the_m.e.l.d.
Vancouver Maritime Museum
West 8th Street Mixed Use
Pearl Street Cycle Thru Grocers
Guadalupe Street Bus Stop
Scribbles
Photobiography
01 07 13 21 25 31 33 37 39
katie bobbie
3. 01
Los Angeles Arts District Community Collective
ad_hocitecture collected communities
The LAADC is a response to limited geographic growth and an acknowledgement of the The community center is a modular system where a conglomeration of units make up the whole.
richness and distinctive character of existing Los Angeles communities. The Collective is Units can be added into or taken away from the assembly. The unit type is determined by the
located in the Arts District of Los Angeles which is a diverse and changing neighborhood program to be housed inside it and the preferences of the people. The architect has the opportunity
adjacent to the downtown area. to support the community growth by providing services to them, long after the initial phase of
construction is completed.
The Collective offers a common neutral ground for all people. Each member of the
community has equal right and equal impact on how the Collective is shaped formally and
programmatically.
collective design
Collective Architecture embraces the relationship between a community of people and the
architect. The LAADC allows for the community members to work closely with an architect to
coordinate their design ideas. This ad hoc architectural system can be added to and adjusted
for the communities’ needs with the support of the architect.
4. collected communities
Los Angeles is a diverse city that is perpetually changing. It is made up of a rich collection of unique communities that are
themselves changing. Denser development responds to the changing needs of communities; historically Los Angeles has
developed through suburban sprawl. At present, Los Angeles has reached its limit of sprawl and must now be developed
through densification of its existing regions. The city is infilling and growing vertically to meet the increasing needs of its
residents.
5. THEATRE
EDUCATION
GALLERY COMMUNITY
C
COMMUNITY GARDEN
UNIT A
T N
EDUCAT
EDUCAT N
E CA ION
CA
SWIMMING POOL
OL
OL THEAT
ATRE
AT
GALLERY
LEVEL 1
COMMUNITY GARDEN
THE
THEATRE
E
S
SWIMMING POOL
L
EDUCATION
GALLERY
COMMUNITY GARDEN form
The general form of the collective is a result of units plugging onto a
steel structural system. The additive nature of the LAADC does not need
a master plan, but rather it embraces the ad hoc nature of evolving
LEVEL 2 communities with the support of the architect.
RESIDENTIAL
program
The program of the LAADC responds to the surrounding community
needs; business center, housing, gardening, art, exercise, education,
entertainment etc… the LAADC can adapt to host the desired program.
For example, if the community has an influx of artists, the community
EDUCATION
center can respond to this change by plugging units onto the galleries
THEATRE
GALLERY
or studio space.
SWIMMING POOL
LEVEL 3
COMMUNITY GARDEN
RESIDENTIAL
present
5 years
10 years
6. 4
2
5
1
3
limitless
The LAADC pushes the limitations of the property line and existing
buildings. This blurs the relationship between the growth of the
community and the consequential growth of the LAADC. It also breaks
the distinction between the community and the community center and
shows that they are in fact part of the same thing; a larger whole.
1. West Entry & Residential Unit
2. Community Garden
3. West Entry to Art Gallery & Theatre
4. Art Gallery
5. Community Pool
7. RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL
EDUCATION GALLERY & STUDIOS
GALLERY & STUDIOS
STEEL COLUMN
STEEL ANGLE BRACKET
STEEL BEAM
REINFORCED CONCRETE PIERS
los angeles: retold 4 BAY MASS
The tectonic assembly of the LAADC is dynamic and will change over
time in response to the changing needs of the community. The REINFORCED CONCRETE PIERS
MODULAR ROOF PANEL
structural system serves as a receptor for the modular panelized units
of program. The structure is primarily steel and can be assembled,
added to, changed, and subtracted from as needed.
BRICK PANEL BAY
SALVAGED WAREHOUSE WINDOW
PRECAST CONCRETE FLOOR UNITS
REINFORCED CONCRETE PIERS
PANEL OPTIONS
O
SALVAGED CO
O
ORRUGATED STEEL PANEL WITH CNC ROUTED UNIT NUMBER
R
SALVAGED BR
R
RICK PANEL
SALVAGED PO
O
OLYCARBONATE PANEL WALL (2 x 2’ PANELS)
SALVAGED W
WOOD PLANK PANEL
POP-OUT GLA
AZED PANEL UNIT
8. RECONNECT
SOD
RECLAIM
REUSE
GROWING MEDIUM
INDUSTRIAL | AUTO | WAREHOUSE | NAVAL | RAILCARS | SHIPS | RAIL TIES | TRUCK TRAILERS
DRAINAGE
MEMBRANE los angeles: reclaimed
The structure and units are made from reclaimed and recycled materials. Like the program-
matic cycle between community center and community, there is a cycle to the material
SLOPED STEPPING
STEEL JOISTS assembly.
FINISHED CEILING
los angeles reconnected
Steel allows for flexible growth, as it is the strong core of this modular building system.
Recycled materials will be selected, customized and modified to the desired shape and size,
and then assembled on site.
9. 07
the denver metropolitan entertainment + living district
t
bundles living
n
living: a mix of condos and rental units flow along the east side of the site between the train
station and railroad tracks. elevated for privacy the residential zones provide views over the
activity of the district’s plazas. Millenniu
Millennium Bridg
nium dge
culture: a theatre floats over the main plaza, inviting visitors up through 2 levels of art
galleries and to an elevated pathway that leads back to a multiplex cinema. culture
u
social: cafes, plazas, and shopping provide indoor and outdoor space for friends and family to
gather or walk along pathways. whether people come to the meld for a saturday morning
farmers market or for happy hour after work, there is something for everyone to enjoy.
the three bundles of network flow through the site as an extension of existing urban life in
downtown denver. indoor and outdoor spaces are distinct but visually connected to reveal
activity between activities.
social
a
urban networks
16th & wewatta is the convergence of downtown denver. the area connects the 16th street
mall, coors baseball field, union station, commons park, the millennium bridge, the
highlands, and lodo. the denver m.e.l.d. is the intersection of these urban networks and a
place where people in the city can meet, play, relax, shop, and dine. Wewatta Street
Union Station
10. meld bistro
the meld bistro integrates public and private social spaces. diners can choose
to gather informally at the bar and watch the street activity or pick out a
private booth for more intimate dining.
1. Bistro Entry & Interior
2. Bar with view to street
1 3. Bistro Booth
3
2
11.
12. DINING
CONDOMINIUMS CAFES
RENTAL UNITS
GREEN SPACE
decentralized networks OFFICE SPACE
the meld is composed of 3 main networks: living, culture,
and social. the three bundles of network flow through the THEATER
site as an extension of existing urban life in downtown
denver. indoor and outdoor spaces are distinct but visually
connected to reveal activity between activities.
STREET RETAIL
AMPHITHEATER
13.
14.
15. 13
Vancouver Maritime Museum
viral vectors
the museum form began with the concept of a bending surface that is determined by program- Vehicle Vector
matic vectors. Large scale site vectors lead into and through smaller scale museum program
vectors. The core elements of museum program are the entry, Zephyr ship gallery, auditorium,
Bike / Pedestrian
and waterfront bistro.
Vector
cultural virus Future Cultural
the program is laid out according to the core cultural elements and circulation vectors Development
between. This allows the visitor to see parts of the the ship, the Zephyr and increase their
understanding of it as they through the museum. The ship and hanging mast can only be seen
in their entirety from outside the clerestory windows on the rooftop.
Ferry Vector
cracking morphology
the form of the museum is created by a cracking surface which is defined by lines between
program, programmatic vectors. the surface folds into and out of the site and opens to
welcome visitors. it folds down for compact spaces and cracks to allow large volumes of spaces
within. the surface reveals form like a piece of draped fabric but crinkles and holds it’s form like
tin foil.
16. MUSEUM
ADJACENCIES
ENTRY
RETAIL
CAFE
ORIENTATION / EDUCATION
EXHIBIT SPACE
SHIP GALLERY
AUDITORIUM
programma c
LIBRARY / RECORDS
CONSERVATION
COLLECTION
RESTORATION
MACHINE SHOP
ADMINISTRATION
PUBLIC FACILITIES
LOADING / BLDG. SERVICE
VERTICAL CIRCULATION
MECHANICAL ROOM
ELECTRICAL ROOM
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM
JANITORIAL ROOMS
ART
EDUCATION
HISTORY
THEATRE
DINING
MUSIC
NIGHTLIFE
DANCE
FILM
cultural
cracking surface centroid site FESTIVALS
WORK
cracking along the surface of a material a chosen shape is cracked from a centroid sited along the north shore of the bay in
creates sub-geometries of various scales. creating sub geometries and vancouver, bc, the maritime museum reacts PARK
INFLUENCES
this morphological strategy creates a sub-centroids. the centroids of the to existing site conditions. centroids crack PLAY
hierarchy of points along the surface museum are determined by circulation the exterior surface of the museum to reveal PLAZA
RETAIL
revealing a variety of scaled surfaces large and spatial intersections within the such forces and direct visitors to the key
to small. museum. the planar system reveals spatial elements throughout the site. HARBOR ACTIVITY
connections and separations experienced
within the museum. SITE SEEING
CITY
17. placement
new program is placed in close proximity to the central
volume of the Zephyr gallery.
displacement
separation of the volume dedicated for administration
allows for circulation outside of the building to be framed by
building mass and direct viewing access at ground level.
redistribute
redistributing circulation around the central ship gallery
allows for maximizes viewing of the ship and exhibitions.
connect
displaced volumes can be extended in the form of a ramp to
connect ground level up to occupy roof space and allow
interior circulation to the outside.
18. 2
1 3
1. Harbor Plaza Entry & Pedestrian Ramp to Rooftop Viewing Deck
2. Theatre, Waterfront Bistro & Harbor Plaza
3. Bike Trail, Parking Entrance & Entry Plaza
ulat model material movement
preliminary massing & circulation m
stone wraps concrete and glass. walking columns creates a sense of
movement. visitors move through layers of columns and glass.
clean interior finishes that hide most of the secondary structure and
increase the reading of moving columns. angled circulation vectors:
pathways and ramps move people through the site and alongside
the zephyr.
20. structure
1. required structural grid of 38’ O.C space between large steel columns
2. required structural grid of 18’ O.C space between small steel columns
1
3. displacement of column grid in relation to program + circulation
4. displacement of column grid in relation to program + viewing
2
3
ON
S N 4
I TIO
OR
AT H OR
A
ST ST
RE I RE
P
1
skin
1. indiana limestone skin envelopes program and allows circulation over it. 2
2. concrete shells envelop specific points of gathering.
floor plates
1. lightweight steel frame and concrete finished floor 1
2. interior lightweight steel decking and finished concrete ramps 2
3. indiana limestone finished exterior ramp connects floor 1, floor 2, and rooftop
3
mep
1. elevator chase:
-duct work for vertical core cooling/heating systems
-exhaust air
2. horizontal branching :
-of cooling / heating systems within catwalk / floors
-ventilation at ground level decreases energy use by natural air flow 1
3. mechanical room: 2
- hot water powered air handling unit 3
- cooling dehumidifying coils 4
- earth to air heat exchanger
5
4. reversible cycle heat pump
5. geothermal
-underground loops (2 x 1,000 sqft = 20 pipes placed 20 ft OC around perimeter)
23. 21
Austin Co-Habitation
wrapping history + music
A vacant urban lot in downtown Austin provides space for The Austin Historical Architecture
Association and Recording studios. The adjacent programs are wrapped by common planes but
must maintain separation to address issues of sound and privacy.
surface
Through material continuity wall, floor and ceiling appear as cohesive surfaces. The banding of
material creates a visual bias along the site and creates layered thresholds that are crossed as one
moves through the two programs.
interwoven autonomy
The AHAA and Recording Studios maintain distinct space where needed but the distinction
between the two is blurred from the exterior. As the building wraps toward the back of the site it
allows both programs to share outdoor space for concerts and lectures.
24. Austin Historic Architecture Association Music Recording Studios
Reception Reception
Bookstore Recording Studios
Archives Courtyard
Research Space Offices
Lecture Hall Outdoor Performance Space
25. 5
2 3 4
1
9
6 7 8
expansion & contraction 1. AHAA Reception
spatially, the building is a series of expansions and contractions. After 2. Bookstore
entering the intimate reception space visitors are released into larger 3. Work Room
volumes: a large recording studio or small bookstore that flows into a 4. Archives
generous workroom with views out to the street front. An open two story 5. Office
AHAA archive leads to a small office space an out onto the spacious 6. Recording Studio Reception
courtyard. From the recording studio, visitors proceed down a naturally lit 7. Recording Studios
corridor with a curtain wall facing the exterior garden before reaching an 8. Courtyard
informal outdoor performance venue. 9. Outdoor Performance Space
26. urban streetfront folding history & music
A smaller scale entry addresses the scale of the busy street front and houses two distinct reception With a simple palette of material: two tones of wood, curtain wall, and translucent
spaces within the first “band” of the building. The subsequent layers begin to reveal themselves and polycarbonate panels the folded structure blurs the line between the two distinct
suggest the potential spaces further into the site. programs. It is only from the interior that one begins to understand the material strategy
and becomes aware of the separation of spaces between the AHAA and the Recording
Studio.
27. 25
pearl street cycle thru grocers
adjacency: live|work
The intent of the project was to explore the potentials of pairing home life with work life. by
housing both programs within one building, opportunities and challenges address issues of
adjacency. With domestic areas stacked above business, cohesion is maintained by banding
the both programs together with an external “shell” so they appear as one from the exterior
and by maintaining vertical porosity and visual connections.
drive thru reinterpreted
The drive thru dairy began during a time when our culture was extremely car oriented and
made picking up milk and other groceries more convenient by providing full service to the
customer driving through the store. The retail space now housed part of the road, allowing
cars to move through it. The Boulder community is becoming more conscious of car use and
choosing other means of transportation such as walking or riding a bike. As a prototype for
the reinterpreted drive thru diary, the Pearl Street Cycle Thru Grocers promotes bicycles to use
the cycle thru to easily pick up groceries.
28. THE HOP
#204
restaurant/cafe/bar retail bus lines/stops recreation hybrid
dish besos the hop pearl & 20th wb whittier elementary school the site is an area of dense activity
snarf’s beat book shop the hop pearl & 20th eb spruce pool that changes by time of day and
espressoria full cycle #204 walnut & 20th canyon park time of year.
pedestrian mall various shops #204 walnut & 20th
pedestrian mall #204 20th & pearl nb 20th
Pearl Street is an axis of activity
for the Boulder community as
well as visitors. While many
people drive, walk, bus, and bike
along the street, a closer look
reveals there is a lot of activity in
a larger context across Pearl and
down 2oth. People will be wait-
pearl
ing for the Hop in front of the
site and walking by at various
times of day as they make their
way to shops, restaurants and
activities. In the summer, the
Spruce pool attracts swimmers
to cross the site from the areas
south of Pearl.
enlarged hybrid
29.
visual bias banding circulation
a banding strategy creates views through the building creating unity along 20th street, privacy and protection from intense daylight is provided by circulation typically flows along the bias of the
and blurring the distinction between the market and the living areas. bands. these bands create a dichotomy between the geometry read as a whole building; a linear movement from front to back rather
and its fragmented parts. than across. the owners can keep an eye on the store
while maintaining privacy on the upper floor.
30.
31.
KIDS AFTER SCHOOL ACTIVITIES
adults
morning mid-day night
In the morning, the family spends and The house is quiet while the shop takes on the Evenings are a busy time for the shop and the
intensely busy period of time together when regular beat of the day. The local business household. The kids get back from the days
they dress, eat, and part ways for the day. The people in the area come in to pick up freshly activities while the parents balance shop and
shop receives it’s morning deliveries of local prepared lunch foods and the occasional local home life. The market is filled with a
foods while traffic rushes by along Pearl & resident stops in to do their regular grocery post-workday rush of shoppers.
20th. Locals walk in for coffee, breakfast, or shopping. During the summer months, the
grocery shopping. kids hang out around the house and yard, and
check in the market to see what their parents
are up to.
32. bias entry cycle thru elevated dining transparency
facing the busy pearl street front, the entry the cycle thru is a reinterpretation of the classic drive the dining area is shared between the market and the a level of transparency is maintained
and exit of the market receive shoppers and thru dairy concept. boulder is home to a large active household. the glass box hovers above the cycle thru, between the household and the
move them along the visual bias of the and outdoor oriented population. the cycle through is juxtaposing the busy activity of the street with the market. this provides a visual and
building. a place for bike riders to pick up pre-ordered groceries, relaxed nature of dining. culinary courses are held in auditory connection between parents
order a few staples at the window, or park and shop. the space adjacent to the dining room so that and children throughout the day. this
shoppers can view the activity above. connection also maintains security
within the market while the parents
are occupying the residential zones of
the building.
33. 31
Guadalupe & Goldsmith Bus Stop
beyond the bus stop elevate + recline
The Guadalupe & Goldsmith Bust stop is located along the West side of the UT Austin campus the folded form provides an elevated space with a slope for sitting or reclining on the grass. a simple
and faces Guadalupe Street, a busy corridor with college pubs, restaurants, and shops. The rectangle of grass is folded on its diagonal to create a directionality and slope which invites people onto
goal of this project was to design a bus stop that performs multiple roles in this busy city hub. the lawn and promotes viewing in two distinct directions: the street and the campus.
planter turned park
The existing site contains a bench and planters that are elevated to create a barrier between
the street and the campus. It is unused space and usually only occupied by people passing
through or waiting for the bus. By reinventing the planter space with a simple folded form,
the bus stop turns into a park-like space where people can escape from the busy street.
34. folded landscape street access subterranean
the landscape folds to provide space to relax, study, the bus stop is more than the typical bench or the bus stop extends along the street front and tucks
or people watch. the folded planes offer two views: simple shelter, it serves as a threshold between beneath the cantilevered plane of grass. this space
one of the campus and the other of guadalupe street. the campus and the busy activity of the street. provides a cool shaded spot to sit and wait for the bus.
35. 33
Scribbles: Digital Design & Fabrication
real scale + real materials scribbling
The intent of this project was to create an architectural prototype that encourages the Cardboard was an ideal material because of its structural strength, cost, and recyclability. A local
fundamentals of digital design and fabrication strategies. Using a psuedo-building scale the furniture warehouse donated old boxes that were then laser cut and assembled by layering the cut outs.
project addressed issues of working with material at scales comparable to the built The pieces of the module were designed and nested on each sheet of cardboard for cutting and to
environment minimize material waste.
modular wall system The module consists of 3 circles that can be used alone or can connect to other modules with acrylic
Facing the challenge of real world scale and material constraints, I found inspiration with a dowel pin connections. The pin connection allows the modules to be reconfigured, added to, or
real world “client”. Working with a local stationary shop I proposed a design to address their subtracted from as needed to create a dynamic retail wall display.
needs for window display space. The scribble motif was hand sketched and turned into a
basic digital module using Rhino modeling.
Preliminary scribble pattern module design.
The design integrated a modular pattern that would display retail items and within a small
budget. The shop owner desired a wall that would show items along the storefront as well as
inside which resulted in a degree of transparency and visual bias in the module.
36. One of three templates used to create each module. The geometries Inspired by the existing scribble decor throughout the Window display design proposal shows the view of the modular scribble wall from the
are designed and nested to reduce material waste. shop, the scribble motif was integrated into the wall storefront. The wall creates visual interest along the street front through scale and display
design. of stationary items.
37. 1 2 3
4 5
module production
Each module was created by cutting and layering sheets of cardboard. As the sheets increase
in depth the module increases in strength and space for displaying items. The pattern was
designed so the module is not identifiable within the overall wall system. The wall appears to
be a random conglomeration of scribbles rather than distinct modules.
1. Module assembly reveals interlocking niches
2. Laser cutting 2’x4’ cardboard sheet
3. Module pieces
4. Layering cardboard increases strength and storage capacity
5. Completed module with acrylic dowels for pin connections
38. Detail of Module Layers & Pin Connections UCD Digifab Exhibition
The smooth texture of the exterior of the cardboard is contrasted by the corrugation of The wall was configured with acrylic dowel pin connections and hung to demonstrate the use of display from front and back. The acrylic dowels
the interior. The module and connections between create a fluctuating surface on the add another scale of detail and glow when backlit. The module disappears within the overall assembly.
front and back of the wall.
39. 37
photobiography
homeward bound
This series of photographs was taken over a period of 5 years and tell a story of a connection
to “home”. The images explore the notion that home is where you are and not where you go san francisco, ca
back to. denver, co
kaweah, ca
photo + autobiography newport beach, ca
The images trigger memories and this is the connection I have to the places I have considered
“home”. The photos tell a story of what I have seen and the things I notice from the significant
to the mundane The intention of this project is to give a sense of myself through the things I austin, tx
have seen in the places I have felt at home in.
40. newport beach, ca newport beach, ca denver, co san francisco, ca san francscio, ca san francisco, ca san francisco, ca kaweah, ca
newport beach, ca newport beach, ca austin, tx newport beach, ca newport beach, ca newport beach, ca kaweah, ca kaweah, ca
denver, co denver, co newport beach, ca newport beach, ca newport beach, ca newport beach, ca newport beach, ca newport beach, ca
41. 39
katie bobbie llc
simple contrast waste not
acrylic and basswood are laser cut into a variety of geometries and assembled in layers. the In an effort to avoid wasting a pile of excess material, I was inspired to create objects on a smaller scale
contrast of wood, a warm and softer material,with acrylic, a cool glossy sturdy material reveals than previous architecture projects. Using a palette of acrylic and basswood, I designed and fabricated
the differencs of the pair. reveals/cut outs in the pieces, highlight the layering and contrast. a line of jewelry pieces. The project began as an experimental exploration of jewlery design and
assembly, and evolved into a business opportunity. By targeting local shops and salons, katie bobbie
simple assembly quickly became a profitable llc.
With a knowledge of architectural model construction and an understanding of materials, I
could quickly and simply put pieces together. The pieces are laser cut and can be assembled
in a variety of ways to optimize the variety of designs.
42. katie bobbie
pendants earrings
white acylic/basswood
white acylic/basswood white acylic/basswood blue acylic/basswood
basswood/white acrylic
basswood/white acrylic basswood/white acrylic
basswood/basswood
aa $20 #
white acylic/basswood
a $24 # f $20 # k $28 # basswood/white acrylic
bb $16 #
white acylic/basswood white acylic/basswood blue acylic/basswood
basswood/white acrylic basswood/white acrylic white acylic/basswood
2 layer or 3 layer
basswood/white acrylic
cc $20 #
b $24 # g $20 # l $28 # white acylic/basswood
basswood/white acrylic
white acylic/basswood white acylic/basswood blue acylic/basswood dd $16 #
basswood/white acrylic basswood/white acrylic
white acylic/basswood
basswood/white acrylic
ee $12 #
c $24 # h $20 # m $28 #
katie bobbie
1050 lafayette st., 202
white acylic/basswood blue acylic/basswood denver, co 80218
basswood/white acrylic (949) 375-1421
roberts.83@hotmail.com
order no. date
name
d $24 # i $28 # address
q
quantity
y p
product no. $ amount
white acylic/basswood blue acylic/basswood
basswood/white acrylic
2 layer or 3 layer
sales total
e $24 # j $28 #