16. peutic limit. In this situation, concentration gradients between
plasma and deep compartments became small, and forced
further elimination of lithium could be thwarted because of
redistribution phenomenon. Our findings regarding serum
治療; 血液透析 half-life during HD and calculated lithium clearance are in
congruence with reported data. In a kinetic study of 14 cases of
lithium poisoning, theClin Psychopharmacol 2006;26:325-30
J apparent mean serum half-life was
Ther Drug Monit 2009;31:247-60
approximately 24 hours, and the mean total and the mean renal
clearance were 26 and 17 mL/min, respectively. Hemodialysis
• 血液透析 reduced serum half-life to 4.6 hours, and clearance was 63 to
114 mL/min.9 However, HD has not been shown to alter
patient outcome after lithium intoxication.3 Compared with
– リチウムは蛋白結合性低く, 透析による除去が可能 no role for other
HD treatment, there seems to be
extracorporeal elimination techniques. Anecdotally reported
HD中は半減期3.5(0.8)hr vs 29hr(利尿薬投与) clearance of 9 to 15 mL/min
peritoneal dialysis has a lithium
and is not expected to be of clinical value. Lithium clearance
– 一般的には透析中のリチウムの半減期は2.3-12.9hr
has been reported to be 20 to 56 mL/min with continuous
arterial-venous hemodiafiltration and 28 to 62 mL/min with
venovenous hemodiafiltration.10 These treatments should
– 細胞内分布容積0.7-0.9L/kg → 血中への再分布 → Lithium Rebound!
only be used if hemodynamic instability impedes intermittent
通常透析後6-8hrで生じる HD.
– 透析後、頻回の血中濃度測定と血液透析必要and Treatment with
Renal Lithium Clearance
Diuretics
– 透析終了後, 6-8hrで血中リチウム濃度>1.0mmol/Lならば
Treatment with isotonic saline infusion to maintain
eunatremia has been shown to enhance lithium and
再透析を行うべき. clearance in a group of lithium-intoxicated
creatinine
patients.15 Furthermore, a considerable amount of literature
has accumulated on basic mechanisms of renal lithium
clearance under different diuretics in nonoverdosed settings,
most of them involving animal experiments. Analogous to
sodium, lithium is reabsorbed up to 80% by passive diffusion
in the proximal tubules. Transport profiles of lithium along
the renal thin loop segments were calculated to be very
17. Ther Drug Monit 2009;31:247-60
American Journal of Therapeutics 2006;13:404-10
• 透析療法
– HDでは, Lithium Clearance 60-150mL/min. 第一選択.
– 血行動態不安定であればCVVHDFが選択される.
CVVHではLithium Clearance 42-60mL/min.
– Hemodiafiltrationは推奨されない.
また腹膜透析もClearance 9-15mL/minでほぼ無意味.
17