The document discusses environmental issues related to coal mining. It begins by defining the environment and some global environmental problems. It then outlines the various phases of mining activities from pre-operational to operational to post-operational. Specific impacts from coal mining are mentioned such as air and water quality deterioration and changes to hydrology and land use. The regulatory framework for environmental management in India is described including relevant organizations and regulations. Areas that require attention are also highlighted such as the polluting effects of coal mining, human displacement, and impacts to air, water, wildlife and communities.
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Environmental Management - Coal Mining
1. GENERAL
1. Environment as an Entity.
2. Legal Definition- EP act 1986.
The environment consists of air, water & land and the
interrelationship which exists among and between
air ,water & land and human beings, other living
creatures, plants, micro-organism and property.
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2. SOME GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
GHGs / CLIMATE CHANGE
OZONE LAYER.
DEFORESTATION
URBANIZATION
STRESS ON AIR , WATER & LAND.
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4. MINING ACTIVITIES- PHASES
PRE- OPERATIONAL
Land Preparation
Development & Construction
Resettlement & Rehabilitation
OPERATIONAL
Drilling
Blasting
Loading
Transporting
Unloading
Dozing
Coal handling
Coal Washing
Pumping
Rehabilitation of dumps / areas
CSR- Community Services
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5. POST OPERATIONAL
Sealing
Fencing
Dismantling
Rehabilitating Mined out area
Monitoring
Stabilizing Dumps
Rehabilitating Infrastructural Area
Emancipation from Work Force
Emancipation from Project Affected Persons
( PAPs)
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6. Special Impacts From Coal Mining
Activities
Coal Mining is Site Based.
Air Quality Deterioration .
Water Quality Deterioration .
Changes in Hydrology.
Changes in Hydrogeology.
Changes in Land Use.
Occurrence of Fires.
Subsidence of Surface.
Deforestation.
In Voluntary Displacements.
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8. Regulatory Framework
1.1. Regulatory OrganisationsRegulatory Organisations
CENTRALCENTRAL
Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India .
Central Pollution Control Board ( CPCB) .
Regional Office , MoEF, GOI.
STATESTATE
Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), State Govt.
State Pollution Control Board ( SPCB).
Regional Office of SPCB.
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9. 2.Regulatory Activities
Pre- OperationalPre- Operational
Prior Environmental Clearance ( MOEF- GOI)
Forestry Clearance ( MOEF – GOI)
Consent to Establish (SPCB)
OperationalOperational
Six Monthly Report for Compliance of EC & FC –Ro-MOEF,GOI.
Annual Environmental Statements –Ro-MOEF & SPCB
Consent to Operate( SPCB)
Compliance to Environmental Standards.
- Air Emissions
- Water Discharge
- Noise Level
Finalisation of Mine Closure Plan
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10. Post Operational
Monitoring of Mine Closure ActivitiesMonitoring of Mine Closure Activities
Sealing & Fencing
Dump Stabilization
Sterile Mine water Status
Surface Land Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation of work force
Sustainable Operationalisation of Civic Services in R & R Colony
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11. Legislation Governing Env. Mgt.
Acts-Acts-
Wild life Protection Act- 1972
Water ( Control of Pollution) Act- 1974
Water Cess Act- 1977
Forest ( Conservation ) Act- 1980
Air ( Control of Pollution ) Act- 1981
Environment Protection Act- 1986
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12. Notifications Governing Env. Mgt.
Environment Impact Assessment ( EIA) 1994
Standards of Ambient Air 1994
Standards for Effluent Discharge 1993/96
Environmental Standards for Coal Washery 1995
Environmental Standards for Coal Mines 2000
EIA Notification( New) 2006
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13. Areas Needing CARE
Coal a polluting Fuel
Coal Mining a Disturbing Activity
Human Displacement
Deforestation
Effect on Wild life
Effect on Water Regime( Sedimentation Pond)
Effect on Air Quality
Effect on Cost of Living.
Human Touch to Re settlement
Human Touch to Community Services( CSR)
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