1. Historic Learning Opportunities in American Education For Women and Other Minority Groups Kelli Bennett National University

2. 9/13/2009 Educational Opportunities for Women In Colonial America there were no significant educational opportunities for women, most females learned to read at home and the rich hired private tutors for their daughters In 1821, Emma Willard opened the first seminary offering an educational program that was equal to the education available to men (Johnson et. al., 2008)

3. 9/13/2009 Educational Opportunities for Women Oberlin College was the first university to accept women and black students Harvard University accepted first women in 1945 Title XI put an end to discrimination in education based on gender (Hornay, 2002)

4. 9/13/2009 Educational Opportunities for African American The first school for African Americans opened in the District of Columbia Church related - Baptists provided the greatest educational opportunities for African American Myrtilla Miner established a school for African American girls in 1851 Vocational education for African Americans emphasized by Frederick Douglas (Johnson et. al., 2008)

5. 9/13/2009 Educational Opportunities for African Americans John Chavis was sent to Princeton to see if he could be educated – he was successful and represented a huge step forward for African American education Prudence Crandall recruited African American children to her school due to the fact that white parents did not want their children to attend her school based on the fact that one African American girl attended the school Booker T. Washington founded Tuskegee Institute in 1880 with a focus on what African Americans needed to be a part of society (Johnson et. al., 2008)

6. 9/13/2009 Educational Opportunities for Other Minority Groups During the Cuban Revolution in 1959, Cuban immigrants fled to Florida and the US government provided financial aid through the Cuban Refugee Program Cuban teachers were able to become certified to teach in Florida using the Two-Way Bilingual Educational Approach (Ryan, 2008)

7. 9/13/2009 Educational Opportunities for other Minority Groups Head Start programs promote school readiness for low income families The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a law ensuring services to children with disabilities throughout the nation Economic Opportunity Act funded adult programs with a focus on reading and writing (Johnson et. al., 2008)

8. 9/13/2009 How has the struggle for inclusion shaped American Education There is now the opportunity for all students to receive an equal and fair education Curriculum now includes multicultural learning Vocational and technical education opportunities are now available Diverse learning styles and abilities are recognized which has led to an emphasis on differentiated instruction

9. 9/13/2009 How has the struggle for inclusion shaped American Society Jobs are no longer seen as being only for “males” or for “females” Other cultures are respected and acceptance is strong Minority groups, such as the disabled, are seen as a valuable and productive part of society Jobs that require vocational and technical training are appreciated and respected

10. My Views on the Struggle for Inclusion I see the struggle for inclusion in American Education as having many positive outcomes. In contrast to early educational opportunities, women now have the ability to have an equal education therefore they will be prepared to work in virtually any field. Minorities such as those from different cultures or those who have disabilities now receive the same education as all other students. Because of this I will need to commit to learning so I may meet the diverse needs of my students.

11. My Views As a teacher, I will encourage all my students no matter what race, gender or background, that they can get an education and be successful at whatever it is they want to do.

12. 9/13/2009 References Johnson, J., Musial, D., Hall, G., Gollnick, D., & Dupuis, V. (2008). Foundations of American education: Perspectives on education in a changing world (14th). Boston: Pearson. Horany, E. (2002). Women’s Issues Then and Now. Women in education. Retrieved September 11, 2009 from http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~ulrich/femhist/education.shtml#history Ryan, M. (2008). Ask the teacher: A practitioner's guide to teaching and learning in the diverse classroom. Boston: Pearson.