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SEEING THINGS FROM A DIFFERENT
ANGLE: DISCOVERING DIVERSE
PERSPECTIVES ABOUT CLAIMS
SIHAO CHEN, DANIEL KHASHABI, WENPENG YIN,
CHRIS CALLISON-BURCH, DAN ROTH
D2 ANDO
NAACL 2019
1
ARGUMENT MINING
2
• /
Stance
https://www.atelier-roi.co.jp/the-uses-of-argument/
• Warrant, Data
Warrant, Perspective( ), Premise, Reason …
Reason Warrant Premise
(Eemeren + 1987 ?) (Habernal + 2018)
Term
• Backing Evidence
ARGUMENT MINING
3
Warrant Premise
(Freeman 2011)
4
Topic
Claim
Reason
Stance
Oppose
Support
Backing
Stance
Oppose
Support
Topic
Reason
ClaimWarrant
Premise
Backing
5
EVIDENCE
• (Aharoni+ 2014)
Reason 1,392, Evidence: 1,291
• Web (debate )
(Wachsmuth+ 2017)
6
Claim
Evidence
CONTRIBUTION
•
• Perspective
• Claim
• Perspective
• Perspective
• Perspective Stance
• Perspective Evidence
7
Perspective Reason
Claim
Reason
• idebate.com debatewise.org procon.org
• 1k claim
8k Perspective
8k Evidence
8
• Mturk Support Oppose 4 + invalid perspective
• 10(Claim + perspective) 3 Worker
ρ≥0.5
• 10 Claims Perspective
Worker 94%
• Perspective
8,135 → 4,652
9
• Mturk Perspective
• Mturk
• Perspective
• Perspective
4,652 + 4,567
10
WEB
• Bing Claim+Perspective 10
• Mturk
• Perspective
4,652 + 4,567 +2,427
11
• Claim Perspective
• Perspective
• 350 Claim Perspective
12
EVIDENCE
• Evidence 8 Perspective Mturk
Evidence Perspective
• 4 20 Evidences
• 87.7%
13
• Mturk Claim
World, Politics, Society
14
Train / dev / test = 60 / 15 / 25
• IR
Perspective Evidence
• BERT
•
15
T1: Perspective
T2: Perspective Stance
T3: Perspective
T4: Perspective Evidence 16
IR TOP60
IR TOP15
•
•
• Evidence
•
• IR
17

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Seeing Things from a Different Angle: Discovering Diverse Perspectives about Claims