This document contains notes from a chemistry chapter about matter and changes. It defines matter as anything that has mass and volume. It describes properties of matter as either extensive, depending on amount, or intensive, depending on type. The three states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases. Physical changes alter a material's properties without changing its composition and can be classified as reversible or irreversible. Mixtures contain two or more substances mixed together either homogeneously or heterogeneously. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures that can be separated using physical means like decanting, filtration, distillation, magnets, or sorting.

1. Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: ____________ Hour: _____
Chapter 2 Notes – Matter and Change
I. Properties of Matter
1. Matter is defined as anything that has _______ and __________.
a. Mass: the amount of _______________________________________.
b. Volume: the amount of ___________________________________________.
2. Describing Matter
a. Extensive Property: property that depends on the ___________ of matter in a sample
b. Intensive Property: property that depends on the ____________ of matter in a sample
Examples: Identify the following properties of a sample as extensive or intensive.
Mass: __________ Color: ____________ Flammability: ____________
Volume: _________ Density: ___________ Melting Point: ___________
3. Identifying Substances
a. Substance: matter that has _______________ and ______________ composition.
- Uniform means it is the ___________________________________ the sample.
- Definite composition means _____________________________ all over the planet!
b. Physical Property – a quality or condition of a substance that can be ______________
or ______________ without changing a substance’s ______________
Examples: ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
4. States of Matter
A. Solids – form of matter with ______________ shape and ______________ volume
- Particles are ________________________________________ together
B. Liquids – form of matter with ______________ shape and ______________ volume
- Liquids take the _____________ of their container
- Particles in liquids are almost ____________________________
- Particles in liquids usually _____________ slightly when heated.
- Particles in a liquid are ____________________, but can ________ past each other
C. Gases – form of matter with ______________ shape and ______________ volume
- Particles in gases very ___________________ compared to liquids and solids.
- Particles in gases are easily ______________, pushing ______________ together.
* Vapors – Gaseous substances that are __________ or _______ at room temperature.

2. Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: ____________ Hour: _____
5. Physical changes – alter a material without changing its ___________________________
- Physical changes can be classified as ________________ or ___________________
a. Reversible changes: __________________________________________________
b. Irreversible changes: _________________________________________________
II. Mixtures
1. Mixture – a ___________________________ of two or more substances.
a. Homogeneous mixture – completely ________________ composition,
– parts are _______________________ distinguished
Examples – ___________________________________________________________
b. Heterogeneous mixture – ________________________ composition
– parts are usually _______________ distinguished
Examples – ___________________________________________________________
2. Solution – a ___________________ mixture - may be ________, __________, or ______
Examples – ___________________________________________________________
3. Phase – any part of a sample that with __________________________ and ____________
How many phases? Brine = ___ Oil/Vinegar = ___ Air = ___ Sand/Water = ___
4. Separating Mixtures: Mixtures can be separated using ________________ means.
a. Decant, or ________________, a liquid layer. Ex. ____________________
b. Filtration: Separates ___________ from ____________ with their dissolved particles.
c. Distillation – ________ a liquid to become a vapor and _________________ it back.
d. Magnet – Pull out _________________ particles from a mixture.
e. Sorting - Physically separating by _________________ Ex. ____________________