Ws phpl1 php_apps_basics_1.2

PHP web application programming basics

Getting started with PHP web application

Wednesday, September 12, 12

Introduction

• You will understand what HTTP is

• You can start development PHP web application

• You can use CSS and web fonts then create Khmer web applciation


What is a web application?


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• Web Application basically work on WWW and HTTP protocol

• Web Application basically return/generate HTML page by a client requests


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What is HTTP?

How to generate HTML
document?


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What is HTTP?

We’ll use PHP!! How to generate HTML
document?


Contents

• Web application theory basics

• HTTP protocol basic

• Web application development basics

• HTML programming basic

• PHP web programming basic

• CSS and web fonts programming basic

• Hands on training

• Khmer date web application


Contents

• Web application theory basics

• HTTP protocol basic What is HTTP?
• Web application development basics

• HTML programming basic

• PHP web programming basicgenerate
How to HTML?
• CSS and web fonts programming basic

• Hands on training

Try to
• Khmer date web application start develop!


HTTP protocol basic


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WWW and HTTP

• WWW is a system which connects servers and clients

• Hyper Text (HTML page) is transferred from servers to clients by HTTP

HTTP

HTTP
HTTP

HTTP


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HTTP request and HTTP response

• When we see a HTML page, we request to send it to server

• Then, the server send back the HTML page which is requested by client

HTTP request

want to get a HTML page

HTTP response


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• HTTP request and HTTP response contain of its line, header and body

HTTP Request HTTP Response

HTTP Request Line HTTP Response Line

HTTP Request Header HTTP Response Header

HTTP Request Body HTTP Response Body


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• HTTP Request have information from client

Information about request
•HTTP method (GET/POST/HEAD/etc...)
HTTP Request Line •Resource (URL)
•Protocol
•etc...

Information about client
•User agent (browser information)
HTTP Request Header •Host
•Acceptable character set, language, resources, etc...
•etc...

Request message body
HTTP Request Body
(Basically used with POST method)


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• HTTP Response have information from client

Information about response
•HTTP status
HTTP Response Line •HTTP status message
•Protocol
•etc...

Information about server and contents
•Content type (MIME and Character set)
HTTP Response Header •Content language
•Host (Server) information
•etc...

Response message body
HTTP Response Body
e.g. HTML


See HTTP request and response


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See HTTP request and response (Win/Linux)

1.See HTTP request

Type below in location bar in your browser

• http://localhost/

• http://localhost/index.php


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See HTTP request and response (Win/Linux)

1.See HTTP response line and headers

>curl -I http://localhost/

>curl -I http://www.yahoo.com

>curl -I http://www.nida.gov.kh/a.html

2.See all HTTP response

>curl -D - http://localhost/


How to send requests to Web Application


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How to send requests to Web Application

• Protocol + Server + Filename

http://localhost/index.php
Protocol Server Filename


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How to send messages to Web Application

• Request query string

Request query string is a way to send messages (query) to server

Request query string is packed in HTTP Request Header

• How to use request query string? (How to send?)

Request query string can be included in URL

http://localhost/index.php?query_string1=aaa&query_string2=bbb

key=value&,,,


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How to send messages to Web Application

1.Send request query string and check it

Type below query in location bar in your browser

• localhost/index.php?string1=Hello

• localhost/index.php?string1=Hello&string2=World

2.Check them in your browser


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HTTP protocol basic conclusion

• We have to use HTTP protocol to send/receive information in the WWW

• HTTP has many rules, it has mainly 2 rules Request and Response

• Request and Response have 3 part in each (Line, Header and Body)

• You can see Request with PHP

• You can see Response with curl


How to generate HTML pages with PHP


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How to generate HTML pages with PHP

• PHP peruse PHP tags as PHP script

• PHP tags starts from <?php to ?>

• PHP peruse other strings includes HTML tags as HTML document


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How to generate HTML document with PHP

• For example

<h1>Server parameters</h1>
<pre>
<?php
var_dump($_SERVER);
var_dump($_REQUEST);
?>
</pre>


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How to get query strings
Tr

• Get parameter from $_REQUEST or $_GET

• Get parameter values with parameter keys

http://localhost/hello_world.php?string1=Hello&string2=World

<?php
$str1 = htmlspecialchars($_REQUEST['string1'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
echo str1;
echo str2;
?>
<h1><?php echo str1; ?> <?php echo str2; ?></h1>


Web Application Theory Basics Conclusion


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How web application works?

• Client send HTTP request to a server via WWW

• Web server accept a request to access PHP program then PHP process
receive the request and generate HTML page as response through web server

Request Request

HTML Generate
page
HTML
Web Server PHP page

Response Response

HTML HTML
page page


Web Application development basic


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Web Application is

• Web Application uses HTTP on WWW

• Web Application creates HTTP response by HTTP request

• Web browser displays a HTML document from HTTP response

Generate

HTTP request

Hello World HTTP response

Display


HTML development basics


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What is HTML page?

• HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language) page can display “hyper media” such as
web links, image files, audio files, video files and more.

• We usually call it just “web pages” or “internet pages”

• We use HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) for HTML page (contents)

<h1>This is a content written by HTML</h1>


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What is HTML page?

Document type deﬁnition

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> HTML document
<html>
HTML header
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=UTF-8">
<title>Hello World</title>
</head>
<body> HTML body
<h1>
Hello World
</h1>
<body>
</html>


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What is HTML page?

Only HTML body is displayed
in browser


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How to write

• HTML is written by HTML tags

• HTML tags basically are pair

• The ﬁrst tag of the pair is start tag

• The second tag of the pair is end tag

• End tag include / (slash) in forward on its name


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How to write

• HTML document starts from <!DOCTYPE> tag

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

• HTML document are written from <html> tag to </html> tag

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
</html>


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How to write

• The META information is deﬁned among <head> tag
(e.g. content type, character set, title and etc...)

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=UTF-8">
</head>


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How to write

• Page contents are written among <body> tag

It means that contents which written from <body> tag are displayed in Web
Browser.

<body>
<h1>This header is a part of contents<h1>
<p>This paragraph is a part of contents</p>
</body>


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How to write

• You can put some images on HTML pages

• The images are put by <img> tag

• You need to set a path to the image ﬁle as src=””

<body>
<h1>This is me.<h1>
</image src=‘smile.jpg’>
</body>


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How to link

• A hyperlink (link) is that you can click and jump to other HTML pages

• Link can be set with words and images among <a> tag.

<a href=‘other_page.html’>Click Here!!</a>
<a href=‘other_page.php’></image src=‘smile.jpg’></a>


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Create HTML page introducing yourself

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
<h1>
自己紹介 
</h1>
<p>私は１９７６年に東京の練馬区というところで生まれました。<br/>
私の家族は５人です。両親、姉、兄がいます。</p> 
<body>
</html>

PHP development basics


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How to generate
Tr

• Use echo for writing something

• Surrounded string with ‘’ (Single quotes)

<?php
echo '១';
echo '២';
echo '៣';
?>


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How to use variables
Tr

• Variables are deﬁned with “$” without types declaration

• Surrounded string with ‘’ (Single quotes)

<?php
$int1 = 1234567890;
$str1 = '១ ២ ៣ ៤ ៥ ៦ ៧ ៨ ៩ ០';
echo $int1;
echo $str1;
?>


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How to use array
Tr

• Array is created array() and values are deﬁned as below

• You can access the values with their keys

<?php
$array1 = array(
‘key1’ => ‘១’,
‘key2’ => ‘២’
‘key3’ => ‘៣’
);
echo $array1[‘key1’];
?>


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How to use array
Tr

• You can also access the values with the indexes of the array

• The indexes start from 0

<?php
$array1 = array(‘១’,‘២’,‘៣’);
echo $array1[0];
echo $array1[1];
echo $array1[2];
?>


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How to control array
Tr

• foreach is helpful for iterating arrays

<?php
$days = array(
'1st' => 'Monday',
'2nd' => 'Tuesday',
'3rd' => 'Wednesday',
'4th' => 'Thursday',
'5th' => 'Friday',
'6th' => 'Saturday',
'7th' => 'Sunday'
);
foreach ($days as $key => $value) {
echo 'The day of ' . $key . ' is ' . $value . '.<br />';
}
?>


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How to get query strings (re-study)
Tr

• Get parameter from $_REQUEST or $_GET

• Get parameter values with parameter keys

http://localhost/hello_world.php?string1=Hello&string2=World

<?php
echo str1;
echo str2;
?>
<?php echo str1; ?> <?php echo str2; ?>


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How to control process
Tr

• If, If...else, If...else if...

<?php
$num = htmlspecialchars($_REQUEST['num'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
$status = '';

// if...else if and else
if (!isset($num) || $num == '') {
$status = 'Num is not set';
} else if (is_numeric($num) && $num > 9) {
$status = 'Num is numeric and larger than 10';
} else if (is_numeric($num) && $num < 10) {
$status = 'Num is numeric and smaller than 10';
} else {
$status = 'Num is not numeric but set. Num is ' . $num;
}

//
echo $status;
?>


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How to control process
Tr

• for-loop and while-loop

<?php
for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
echo ‘In for-loop ’ . $i;
}

$i = 5;
while ($i < 10) {
echo ‘In while-loop ‘ . $i;
$i++;
}
?>


How to integrate with PHP and HTML


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How to integrate with PHP and HTML

• PHP section works for getting query or process something

• HTML section works for displaying results

• You can include PHP section into HTML section

PHP section
<?php
$nums = array('០','១', '២', '៣', '៤', '៥', '៦', '៧', '៨', '៩');
$input_num = htmlspecialchars($_REQUEST['num'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
$display_num = $nums[$input_num];
?> HTML section
<html>
<head>
<title>Repeater</title>
</head> PHP section
<body>
<p>You inputed <?php echo $display_num; ?>.</p>
<body>
</html>


CSS development and web fonts basics


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How to decorate HTML pages

• Basically, HTML works for describe contents.

For example, writing texts, displaying some images and more...

• CSS works for decorate HTML pages

For example, setting styles (color, size, font-family, etc...)

• Web fonts set font into client browser

For example, clients can display any fonts even if user don’t have them


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body
{
background-color:#cccccc;
}

.title
{
color:#333333;
text-align:center;
font-family:serif;
font-weight:normal;
font-size:2.5em;
}

.paragraph-1
{
/* box */
margin-left:auto;
margin-right:auto;
padding:0px;
width:400px;
/* background-color:#ff6666; */
/* text and font */
color:#333333;
text-align:center;
font-family:Battambang;
font-style:normal;
font-weight:normal;
font-size:3em;
}


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<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="test.css" />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Battambang:400' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
<title>1, 2, 3</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class='paragraph-1'>១, ២, ៣</p>
</body>
</html> Above one is deﬁnition for CSS
Below on is deﬁnition for web fonts


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How to use web fonts

• Access Google Web Fonts (http://www.google.com/webfonts/)

• Choose Khmer in “script”


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How to use web fonts

• Click “quick to use”

• You can ﬁnd the script to use them


Web Application development basic Conclusion


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Development web application

Look Generate

PHP programs

Good!! Hyper links

Web Resources

Links
Images

CSS Web fonts

I develop


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How to improve your development skill

• Keep trying :-)

• Ofﬁcial references are your friends

PHP : http://www.php.net/manual/en/

HTML : http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/index/elements.html

CSS : http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/learning

• You can ﬁnd many good tutorials in the internet also

http://www.w3schools.com/default.asp


Hands on training


Khmer date


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Khmer date web application

• Khmer date is a web application which provides current date in Khmer language

• When user request “http://servers/khmer_date.php” from browser, the web
application returns current date (year, month, day, weekday, hour and minutes) in
Khmer language


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How to get date in PHP

• date_default_timezone_set() set timezone

• getdate(time()) return array of current date

Speciﬁcs : http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.getdate.php

<?php
// set time zone 'Asia/Phnom_Penh'
date_default_timezone_set('Asia/Phnom_Penh');
// get current date
$current_date = getdate(time());
//
var_dump($current_date);
?>


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How to control String

• String has many utility functions

• strlen($str) is to measure the length of $str

• substr($str, start_position, range) is to cut $str from start_position by range
(start_position is started by 0)

http://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.strings.php

<?php
$str = ‘Hello World’;

$length_str = strlen($str); // $length_str is 11

$first_5_characters = substr($str, 0, 5); // Hello
?>


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How to convert number and string

• “cast” is the way to convert type. (e.g. number to string)

<?php
$number = 98; // this is number

$s_number = (string) $number; // convert number to string

$first_digit = substr($s_number, 0, 1); // you can use string function
?>


Extend Khmer date


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Extended Khmer date : World date

• World date is a web application which provides current date all over the world

• When user set timezone in a request like “http://servers/khmer_date.php?
timezone=XXXX/YYYY” from browser, the web application returns current date (year,
month, day, weekday, hour and minutes) in the timezone

• You can see all usable timezones in PHP in below link

http://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php


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Extended Khmer date : Decorated Khmer date

• Decorate the Khmer date as you like :-)


Homework


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Simple calendar web application

• Simple calendar is a web application which provides calendar

• When user request “http://servers/simple_calendar.php” from browser, the web
application returns current month calendar

• When user set year and month like “simple_calendar?yyyymm=201212”, the web
application returns the calendar on December 2012.


APPENDIX


Installing curl


Installing curl (Win)

1.Copy curl binary

2.Put it on C:¥WINDOWS


How to generate logs in PHP



• The most simple way is to use syslog library
http://ca2.php.net/manual/en/function.syslog.php

• Syslog library generates logs with system’s log utility
The logs are generated in system’s log such as /var/log/xxxxxx

• Usage is very simple

1. Open log (in your system)

2. Generate message to log (in your system)

3. Close log (in your system)



• openlog() requires 3 parameters (see reference : http://ca2.php.net/manual/en/
function.openlog.php)
- The 1st parameter is preﬁx message in the log
- The 2nd parameter is generate option
- The 3rd parameter is the place to generate (facility)

• syslog() requires 2 parameters (see reference : http://ca2.php.net/manual/en/
function.syslog.php)
- The 1st parameter is priority
- The 2nd parameter is message

<?php
openlog(‘log_name’ , LOG_PID , LOG_LOCAL0);
syslog(LOG_DEBUG, '-- Generate Logs!!! --');
closelog();
?>



• In Windows, you have to use LOG_USER as facility in openlog()

You can see the logs with “Event Viewer” in application log of Windows log

• In Linux, you can use any facility in openlog()

You can check where the log will be generated in /etc/syslog.conf (or
rsyslog.conf)

e.g.) local0, local1.* - /var/log/localmessages


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