Mobile Newsmaking
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Mobile Newsmaking, Licentiate Thesis, 2001
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Mobile Newsmaking
- 1. Papers in Informatics Paper 9, December 2001, ISSN 1400-7428 Mobile Newsmaking Licentiate Thesis Kerstin Forsberg Presented December 6, 2001, at 15.00 Department of Informatics, the Viktoria-room, Viktoriagatan 13, Göteborg Examinator: Prof. Bo Dahlbom, Informatics, Gothenburg University Opponent : S teinar Kristoffersen, PhD (Lancaster University), Docent (Gothenburg University )
- 2. Mobile Newsmaking Licentiat seminarium Kerstin Forsberg Viktoria-salen kl 15.00 Genom entr é n in på stora torget, rummet till vänster
- 3. Initital study Jan 1998, Kerstin Extensive field study Aug-Oct 1998 Henrik, Fredrik, Kerstin Supplementary study May 2001, Kerstin Field Studies Design Work / Services Design idea: NewsPilot Overview of the MobiNews project Design proposal: NewsMate Prototype: NewsMate Commercial product: FiledWise Concepts
- 4. Initital study Jan 1998, Kerstin Extensive field study Aug-Oct 1998 Henrik, Fredrik, Kerstin Supplementary study May 2001, Kerstin Field Studies Design Work / Services Design idea: NewsPilot Overview of the MobiNews project Design proposal: NewsMate Architecture: FiledWise Prototype: NewsMate Commercial product: FiledWise Newsmaking Process Design Scenario: The NewsSpace Conceptual Model The Newscube Concepts News task structure Localising News Common phenomenon , general process es, contemporary course of events ... News event Local instance People Locate and get access to Identify, evaluate and report Relate the news event to, describe and explain Meet and talk with Let them express their reaction of what is happening Let them express their view
- 5. Initital study Jan 1998, Kerstin Extensive field study Aug-Oct 1998 Henrik, Fredrik, Kerstin Supplementary study May 2001, Kerstin Field Studies Design Work Design idea: NewsPilot Overview of the MobiNews project Design proposal: NewsMate Architecture: FiledWise Prototype: NewsMate Commercial product: FiledWise
- 6. Initital study Jan 1998, Kerstin Extensive field study Aug-Oct 1998 Henrik, Fredrik, Kerstin Field Studies Papers in the thesis Design Work Design proposal: NewsMate Architecture: FiledWise Prototype: NewsMate Paper 1 CSCWD 1999, Forsberg, K. , Navigating in NewsSpace Paper 3 CSCW, 2001, Fagrell, Forsberg and Sanneblad FieldWise: A Knowledge Management Architecture Overview of MobiNews papers, Kerstin Paper 2 CHI 2000, short paper, Fagrell, Forsberg, Johannesson , Ljungberg, NewsMate: Providing Mobile and Distributed News Journalists with Timely Information Supplementary study May 2001, Kerstin Paper 4 T AGA2001, Forsberg,L ocalising News: Task Articulation and Contextualisationin Mobile News Journalism Design idea: NewsPilot Commercial product: FiledWise
- 7. Initital study Jan 1998, Kerstin Extensive field study Aug-Okt 1998 Henrik, Fredrik, Kerstin Field Studies Papers Design Work Design proposal: NewsMate Architecture: FiledWise Prototype: NewsMate IRIS 1998, Forsberg, and Ljungberg, The Organizing of Editorial Work: Eliciting Implications for New IT use Paper 1 CSCWD 1999, Forsberg, K. , Navigating in NewsSpace Paper 3 CSCW, 2001, Fagrell, Forsberg and Sanneblad FieldWise: A Knowledge Management Architecture IRIS 1999, Forsberg and Fagrell , Let’s talk about News , Supporting the editorial process at a radio station Overview of MobiNews papers, Kerstin Paper 2 CHI 2000, short paper, Fagrell, Forsberg, Johannesson , Ljungberg, NewsMate: Providing Mobile and Distributed News Journalists with Timely Information Supplementary study Maj 2001, Kerstin Paper 4 T AGA2001, Forsberg,L ocalising News: Task Articulation and Contextualisationin Mobile News Journalism ECSCW 1999 W orkshop : Beyond Knowledge Management: Managing Expertise , Fagrell, Forsberg, Johannesson Wollerfjord , NewsMate: Expertise Management for Journalists Design idea: NewsPilot Commercial product: FiledWise
- 10. Två exempel på nyheter från sista studien (Paper 4) Dagens Nyheter 19 maj 2001 Norrköpings Tidningar 1 juni 2001
- 11. Inbjudan, press-konferens: Hur fungerar förskoleklassen? Den publicerade artikeln komplett med rubrik, mellanrubriker och en faktaruta Newsworty Event News Story Från händelse till nyhet
- 13. Inbjudan, press-konferens: Hur fungerar förskoleklassen? Den publicerade artikeln komplett med rubrik, mellanrubriker och en faktaruta Reporter Hanna Sundström: Hur fungerar förskole-klasserna? PK i Stockholm, vi besöker förskoleklass i Norrköping. Assigned News Task News Story Tid 10.00 Fotograf Ingela Noren: Hur fungerar förskole-klasserna? PK i Stockholm, vi besöker förskoleklass i Norrköping. Från händelse till nyhet Newsworty Event
- 16. Reporter Hanna Sundström: För mycket skola i förskolan. Ny rapport från Skolverket. Men Norrköping på rätt väg. Reporter Hanna Sundström: Hur fungerar förskole-klasserna? PK i Stockholm, vi besöker förskoleklass i Norrköping. Inbjudan, press-konferens: Hur fungerar förskoleklassen? Tid 10.00 Fotograf Ingela Noren: Hur fungerar förskole-klasserna? PK i Stockholm, vi besöker förskoleklass i Norrköping. [Fotolistan ca 9.00] Hannas anteckningar medan hon gör research på redaktionen innan hon åker ut till förskolan. [mellan klockan 9 och 10:30] Hannas anteckningar från intervjun med Vesa ute på Fredriksdals förskola [mellan klockan 10:30 och 11] Ingela tar cirka 2 rullar film och bearbetar sedan några få av dem [mellan ca. 10:30-11.00] Assigned News Task Newsworty Event Articulated and Contextualised News Task Gathered News Item Gathered News Item Från händelse till nyhet
- 17. Reporter Hanna Sundström: För mycket skola i förskolan. Ny rapport från Skolverket. Men Norrköping på rätt väg. Reporter Hanna Sundström: Hur fungerar förskole-klasserna? PK i Stockholm, vi besöker förskoleklass i Norrköping. Inbjudan, press-konferens: Hur fungerar förskoleklassen? Tid 10.00 Fotograf Ingela Noren: Hur fungerar förskole-klasserna? PK i Stockholm, vi besöker förskoleklass i Norrköping. [Fotolistan ca 9.00] Hannas text med ingress, brödtext och bildtext [skriven cirka 11.30 till 14 samt 15 till 16] Hannas anteckningar medan hon gör research på redaktionen innan hon åker ut till förskolan. [mellan klockan 9 och 10:30] Hannas anteckningar från intervjun med Vesa ute på Fredriksdals förskola [mellan klockan 10:30 och 11] En av de två bilderna som Ingela valt ut och bearbetat samt sparat ned i produktiosnmappen och i arkivet. Ingela tar cirka 2 rullar film och bearbetar sedan några få av dem [mellan ca. 10:30-11.00] Den publicerade artikeln kompletterad med rubrik, mellanrubriker och en faktaruta Assigned News Task Newsworty Event Articulated and Contextualised News Task Gathered News Item Produced News Component Produced News Component News Product Package Gathered News Item Från händelse till nyhet
- 18. News Task Structure: Localising News Common phenomenon , general process es, contemporary course of events ... News event Local instance People Locate and get access to Identify, evaluate and report Relate the news event to, describe and explain Meet and talk with Let them express their reaction of what is happening Let them express their view
- 19. A ordinary day in a newsroom ...
- 20. Our focus: the organising of editorial work "News is a window on the world.” G. Tuchman Newspaper Radio news broadcast ”… organizing as making right things happen at the right time and right people to be in right places at the right time.” B. Czarniawska-Joerges events interesting and relevant course of events
- 21. Our interest: new ways of using IT in the organising of editorial work ”… solutions that move beyond the desktop into the workplace.” V. Bellotti and Y. Rogers
- 22. Our approach: untraditional methods studying the organising of editorial work ” what we say we do - is what we beliew we do” process-maps, dataflow-diagrams and object-hierarchies "Interviewing people is never as productive as watching what they do." H. Gans observations, transcriptions and sociological analysis methods
- 23. Our conceptual model: The newscube events interesting and relevant course of events Content Context Time
- 24. Our conceptual model: The newscube - the time dimension Time internal time meetings, deadline external time real world
- 25. Our conceptual model: The newscube - the content dimension Content media type text, graphic, photo, web backbone of resources organization
- 26. Our conceptual model: The newscube - the context dimension Context logical structure basic values, special areas physical structure layout and form
- 27. Our conceptual model: The complete Newscube Content Context Time internal time meetings, deadline external time real world media type text, graphic, photo, web backbone of resources organization logical structure basic values, special areas physical structure layout and form
- 28. Our design metaphor: NewsSpace - interconnected IT devices ”… move beyond the computers into the conceptual model of a News cube.” Content Context Time internal time meetings, deadline external time real world media type text, graphic, photo, web backbone of resources organization logical structure basic values, special areas physical structure layout and form
- 29. Our design metaphor: NewsSpace - interconnected IT devices ”… move beyond the computers into the conceptual model of a News cube.” Content Context Time internal time meetings, deadline external time real world media type text, graphic, photo, web backbone of resources organization logical structure basic values, special areas physical structure layout and form
- 34. Ständigt uppdaterad: FieldWise News Uppdraget Sammanhanget och bakgrunden
- 35. Ständigt uppdaterad: FieldWise News Uppdraget Kunniga kollegor och matchande uppdrag
Notas del editor
- A newsroom in a daily morning newspaper is a deserted and silent landscape in the morning with an almost lazy atmosphere. In the afternoon this change and the news-room becomes a crowded and boiling place, with an intensive and almost exciting feeling in the air. I this presentation I will summarise observations from empirical investigations conducted in two news sites; a Swedish newspaper and a Swedish public service radio station. I will also outline a conceptual model and introduce a design metaphor that we now are using for design and implementation of new and innovative IT devices.
- We expect our morning newspaper and hourly news radio broadcast to everyday provide us with “a window on the world” and we do very seldom reflect upon the work be-hind it. Editorial work is a highly complex work task relying on the unpredictable and seemingly chaotic courses of events in the world. What is happening? What to seize? Decide what is ’relevant and interesting’. The organisation of editorial work also rely on the genre and style of the news provider, the resources available, deadlines, and so on. This fosters a work situation where decisions about who is going to what , when , etc., are made on a frequent and continuous basis. The term organising has been used to capture the frequent and continuous nature of such decisions.
- The studies presented here adopts a constructive knowledge interest. Our interest is innovation of new IT use - to explore, design, and evaluate new ways of using IT in the organising of editorial work. Recently it has been realised that the mobile aspect of work has been largely overlooked. We need "solutions that move beyond the desktop into the workplace".
- As being a developer and consultant since the early 80:s it was interesting realising in my study of CSCW literature that our traditional methods are based on the assumption that what we say we do, is what we belief do . Process-maps, dataflow-diagrams and object-hierarchies are all examples of how we try to conceptualise, visualise and detail results from interviews, seminars and workshops. Because we felt that traditional methods failed to capture and describe the complex and intensive organising of editorial work, we made the decision to look for alternative approaches. We found that ethnography with its commitment to investigate work practice was suitable for our purposes. Observing and analysing what we do, to explain the ordinary and obvious day to day actions on a very detailed level. Using observations, transcriptions and sociological methods with a primary focus on interaction between individuals and groups has been very useful.
- According to our observations time, content and context are the three dimensions around which the ongoing discussions in the newsroom did spin around. The call this model - the Newscube. The unpredictable and seemingly chaotic courses of events in the world could be positioned in the news cube. The model helped us understand the complex editorial work.
- The first and most critical dimension is, of course, time. The time window in a newsroom is small, but extremely sharp and clear. This dimension captures the critical balance between external, or real time when events occurred, and the internal time due to deadlines and the meetings. - When do the press conference occur? - When can it be published? - Will that article be ready before deadline? - Can we cover the press conference in the late broadcast?
- The second dimension is content. This dimension includes the media types available, and also the production of content; writing, photographing, recording interviews, doing on the air interviews, illustrating, editing and so on. The content production done by the editorial staff and other resource inside, or outside, the organisation of the news provider. - How will we cover it; text, photographs, graphics? - How will we publish it; in print, or only on the web? - What is our ambition with photographic material? - Can we have a live interview on that? - Which reporters are available? - Which editorial unit should cover that press conference? - Do we have resources to cover it? Can we use an Reuter wire instead?
- The third dimension we identified was context. A newspaper, or news radio program, represent in it self a context. We as readers and listeners values what we read or hear partly depending on which newspaper or which radio program we read or hear it from. The context dimension have both in a logical perspective and a physical perspective. The logical one includes the domains and areas covered in the newspaper or radio program. The physically perspective is expressed in the newspaper structure, type of radio program, related radio programs, form constraints and layout rules etc. - What should be covered in this section of the newspaper? - Is this 'relevant and interesting'? - What can we relate this to, to make it understandable for the readers? - Is this realty part of our specialist domains and the geographic area we cover? - We do need something to lighten up first page of the section!
- In the complete Newscube we can connect an "interesting and relevant event" to the six axis: external time, internal time, media type, resources, logical special area and physical part in the media. The complete Newscube summarises our understanding of the important factors influencing the organising of editorial work which we discovered in our two empirical studies. It has given us a simple model of a highly complex and intensive setting.
- Our understanding of the editorial work through the NewCube is a good starting point for design of IT. Based on the Newscube we introduce NewsSpace - a design metaphor of interconnected IT devices. In the paper we present a scenario including ideas on how to use devices ”that move beyond the desktop into the workplace” in the organising of editorial work. We also propose the idea of navigating in the NewsSpace, a IT design metaphor that move beyond the computers into the conceptual model of a News cube. We have investigated how location awareness can support local mobility and we have developed a prototype, called Newsmate, for knowledge sharing and expertise location among the journalists in both office and field situations
- Our understanding of the editorial work through the NewCube is a good starting point for design of IT. Based on the Newscube we introduce NewsSpace - a design metaphor of interconnected IT devices. In the paper we present a scenario including ideas on how to use devices ”that move beyond the desktop into the workplace” in the organising of editorial work. We also propose the idea of navigating in the NewsSpace, a IT design metaphor that move beyond the computers into the conceptual model of a News cube. We have investigated how location awareness can support local mobility and we have developed a prototype, called Newsmate, for knowledge sharing and expertise location among the journalists in both office and field situations