11. Relationships Between Key External Forces and an Organization Key External Forces Competitors Suppliers Distributors Creditors Customers Employees Communities Managers Stockholders Labor Unions Special Interest Groups Products Services Opportunities & Threats

50. Competitive Analysis: Porter’s Five-Forces Model Potential development of substitute products Rivalry among competing firms Bargaining power of suppliers Potential entry of new competitors Bargaining power of consumers

56. .20 1 .20 Clinton Administration .20 2 .10 Bad media exposure from FDA .10 2 .05 Smokeless market SE region U.S. .15 3 .05 Production limits on tobacco .20 2 .10 Legislation against the tobacco industry Threats .30 3 .10 More social pressure to quit smoking 2.10 1.00 TOTAL .60 4 .15 Pinkerton leader in discount market .05 1 .05 Astronomical Internet growth .15 3 .05 Increased demand .15 1 . 15 Global markets untapped Weighted score Rating Weight UST—Key External Factors Opportunities

61. (CPM) Procter Avon L’Oreal & Gamble 2.80 3.25 3.15 1.00 Total 0.15 3 0.20 4 0.05 1 0.05 Market Share 0.40 2 0.40 2 0.80 4 0.20 Global Expansion 0.20 2 0.40 4 0.40 4 0.10 Customer Loyalty 0.45 3 0.45 3 0.60 4 0.15 Financial Position 0.30 3 0.30 3 0.40 4 0.10 Management 0.40 4 0.30 3 0.30 3 0.10 Price Competition 0.30 3 0.40 4 0.40 4 0.10 Product Quality 0.60 3 0.80 4 0.20 1 0.20 Advertising Score Rating Score Rating Score Rating Weight Critical Success Factor