UHB2422 / ULAB2112 - Final exam paper JULY 2009

1. UTM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
FINAL EXAMINATION SEMESTER III
2008/2009 SESSION
COURSE CO DE UHB 2422
COURSE ADVANCED ENGLISH FOR
ACADEMIC COMMUNICATION
PROGRAMME ALL PROGRAMMES
DURATION 2 HOURS AND 30 MINUTES
DATE JULY 2009
MARKS 30
INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES:
Answer the question in the answer booklet provided.
THIS EXAMINATION PAPER CONSISTS OF 1PRINTED PAGES
(INCLUDING THIS PAGE).

2. UM
School of Professional
andContinuing
Education (SPACE)
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Semu a Pelaj ar
Un iversiti Tekn olo gi Malaysia
Saudara / i,
PERINGATAN AKHIR PEPERIKSAAN
Selamat men duduki Pepcriksaan Akhir Semester Ill , 2008 / 2009 . Sau dara/ i
adal ah DIINGATKAN u n tu k mem a tu h i peraturan dan tatatertib peperiksaan
yang telah ditetapkan. Pih ak Universiti amat rnem aridari g berat di atas
kesalah an aka demik (seperti meniru, membawa mas uk apa-ap a
do kumen/ kertas ke dalam bilik peperiksaan, menulis apa-apa mak lumat atau
gambar rajah d i mana-mana bahaqiari tubuh. atau tangan atau pakaian dan
sebagainya atau berhubung dengan mana-mana p elajar lain melalu i apa
carap un atau dilihat dan boleh ditafsirkan s ebagai cuba menipu dan
seumpamanya) yang dilakukan oleh pelajar.
2. Tin dakan ta ta tcrtib bolch dikenakan ke atas mana-man a pelajar yang
di tan gkap kerana kesalahan seperti di atas dan jika disabit kesalahan bolch
dihuku m mela lui Perun tu kan Kaedah 48, Bahagian V, Ta tacara Tatat.ertib,
Kaedah-Kaedah Un iversiti Teknologi Malaysia (Tata tertib Pelajar-Pelajar)
1999 , yang m em bawa h ukum an maksima seperti "digantung daripada
pe ngajian" atau "dipecat" dari Universiti Teknologi Malaysia . Hukum an
j uga boleh berda sarkan Pera tu ran Akadem ik, UTM Bahagian XIII yang
m cmbawa hu kuman m aksima "m embatalkan keputusan keseluruhan
peperiksaan dan diberhentikan daripada pengajian".
3. Pihak Un iversiti tidak teragak-agak u n tu k men gambil tindakan dan
m enja tuhkan hu kuman maksima jika saudara/i didapati bersal ah dalam
m elakukan penyelewengan akademik.
Sekian .
DEKAN
Sekolah Pendiclikan Profesion al clan Pendidikan Berterusan
Universiti Tekn ologi Malaysia
30 J u n 2009

3. Instruction: Read the situation below and complete the task given using the primary
and secondary sources provided.
Situation
One way of saving lives is to pledge our organs. However, despite the many
campaigns on organ donations, there are still people who are not aware of the
importance of this act and are not willing to pledge their organs. The Ministry of
Health is very concerned about this matter and thus a committee has been set up to
investigate the trend in pledging and donating organs among Malaysians over the
years, the types of organs pledged and the reasons for people not pledging their
organs . Results from the survey are presented in the following pages .
Task
You are the head of the committee. Write a report of five to seven pages using relevant
information from all the primary data and your background knowledge, and use at least
two (2) excerpts from the secondary data provided. Your report shoul d include the
following headings:
INTRODUCTION (background, objectives, scope and significance of study)
IETHODOLOG Y (sampling, instruments, and research procedure)
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
Note: Marks will be deducted for direct lifting of sentences from the excerpts.
2

4. PRIMARY DATA
The following are the results obtained from the study.
Table 1: Organ Pledgers and Donors According to Race
~Race
2005 2006 2007 2008 To tal
Pledgers Donors Pledgers Don ors Pledgers Donors Pledgers Don ors Pledgers Donors
Chinese 3499 5 4825 12 4068 14 5 751 16 18143 47
ndian 2101 7 3 165 II 2377 3 2 3 14 4 9 957 25
Malay 1 658 1 I 838 1 2279 5 2356 - 8 131 7
p thers 236 - 257 1 165 3 184 3 842 7
Source: National Transplant Resource Centre,
Kuala Lumpur Hospital
Table 2: Types of Organs Pledged
~Organs
2005 2006 2007 2008 Total
All organs and tissues 5704 7767 6738 8023 28232
Kidneys 173 267 198 20l 839
Corneas 122 137 III 109 479
Heart 103 112 129 131 475
Skin 47 29 42 46 164
Liver 41 31 44 40 156
Bones 23 I 19 23 66
Lungs 13 17 10 7 47
Source: National Transplant Resource Centre,
Kuala Lumpur Hospital
3

5. Unaware of the
Others importance of organ
Ethical and religious 2% donation
constraint 10%
17%
Do not know where to
Not physically fit to
donate organs
......o)r--­
sign up for organ
- donation
5% 7%
Afraid to donate
organs
23%
Objection from family
members
36%
Figure 1: Reasons for Not Pledging Organs
SECONDARY DATA
Excerpt 1
Vijaindren, A. (2008, December 2 1). When Pledges Aren 't Honoured. New Sunday
Times, p.23.
KUALA LUMPUR: One month after a RM2 .4 million media campaign to promote
organ and tissue donation began, the National Transplant Resource Centre (NTRC)
said it had received some 1 000 new pledges from the public to donate organs.
However, NTRC officials said pledges did not necessarily translate into actual
donations as family members could refuse to allow hospitals to harvest the organs of
deceased donors.
An NTRC media officer said the number of pledges usually went up after there
was publicity about organ donation. " Whether it's television, radio or newsp aper
4

6. advertising, the numbers always go lip. The campaign is especially important as we've
fallen short of our target. Instead of the expected 50 donors this year, we've only
received 24 donors. Many people are not pledging their organs because they're not
aware of the importance of organ donation or they don't know where to sign up."
In the past 12 years, the majority of the organ pledgers were Chinese (61
percent), followed by Indians (23 percent) and Malays (13 percent). This year, more
than 5 000 Chinese have pledged to donate their organs. The officer added that the
number of pledges would go up as long as there was media coverage about organ
donation. "It's an obvious trend. After the huge media coverage on heart transplant
recipient Tee Hui Vi, organ pledges increased. Sadly, it went down again after the
media focus ended. Although pledges are pouring in, upon-death donations are still
low. Families are still very reluctant to donate the organs of their deceased loved
ones."
Selayang Hospital Tissue and Organ Procurement (TOP) team member Chitra
Ramasamy said persuading fami lies to allow organs to be harvested was its biggest
challenge. She said, "Sometimes it takes hours of talking to convince the fami ly to
donate the organs and tissues even though the deceased individual is a pledged donor.
If the deceased family does not agree to the donation upon death, we can't take the
organ. Hence, it is important to inform the fami ly about one's wish to donate organs."
Excerpt 2
(2004, April 4). Speech by YB Dato' Chua l ui Ming, The Minister of Health Malaysia,
in officiating the "Blood and Organ Donations Campaign 2004" at Plaza Pelangi, Johor
Bahru. Retrieved 12 June 2009 from
www.moh.gov.myfMohPortal/DownloadService?id=89&type
5

7. Ladies and Gentlemen,
If we talk of the need for organ donation, every year about 2200 new patients are
diagnosed with end stage renal failure. Currently, there are more than 8 500 patients on
dialysis nationwide. Of these, more than 50 percent would be suitable for kidney
transplantation. Similarly, about 700 corneal transplants and 200 liver transplants are
required each year. As for heart transplants, Institut Jantung Negara (UN) sees 15 to
20 patients yearly who may benefit from a new heart.
As we know, transplantations cannot take place without organs, and we cannot have
organs without donors. Lack of organs remains the main obstacle to the success of a
transplantation program, not only in Malaysia but also in the world. Fortunat Iy, the
situation has started to improve over the last few years. To date, a total of 130 local
cadaveric donors had donated their organs, 99 of them (76 percent) within the last three
years; some donating single organs only such as kidneys, others single tissues only
such as corneas, but more and more (50-75 percent) are now donating multiple organs
and tissues. More and more donations are also now famil y initiated. Families arc
com ing forward on their own to donate the organs of their relatives who have just died.
Indeed, there are no legal or religious reasons to prevent one from donating tissues or
organs after death. Legally, our Human Tissues Act 1974 allows the removal of body
parts from dead people for the purpose of medical treatment, education and research.
But the organs can only be procured with the consent of the fam ilies or if the deceased
have expressed, verbally or in wr itten form, their wish to donate their organs. There are
also no objections from all religions regarding organ donation, as long as it is done
altruistically and with no commercial intent. It is seen as the greatest act of charity that
one can do after death to help another person - to give the gift of life. Even Islam
permits organ donation and there arefatwas both in Malaysia and other Islamic
countries that support it. In fact, Saudi Arabia, which can be considered an ort hodox
Muslim country, has a very successful organ transplantation program, with an organ
donation rate of three to four donations per million population, ahead of our rate of 1.3
donations per million population.
6

8. Excerpt 3
Razak Abdullah. (2008). Why Muslims Are Not Organ Donors. ISLAlv! Newsletter,
p.18.
Many Muslims are reluctant to become organ donors because they fear that their
bodies would be mutilated. This was the main reason given by more than half, or 56.3
percent of the respondents in a random survey carried out by the Institute of Islamic
Understand ing Malaysia (IKIM) last year. The survey, which involved 500 Muslims in
the Klang Valley, also found that religious factor only affected 5.2 percent of the
respondents. It also revealed various misconceptions among those surveyed. Among
them are that:
• family members of a donor would have to pay for the organs to be removed;
• doctors would be reluctant to save the life of a known donor;
• a recipient's sin will have to be borne by a donor; and
• organs from Muslims must only be donated to another Muslim.
"It is ignorance whic h is deterring Muslims from becoming organ donors. What they
do not realise is that a majority of those waiting for organs are Muslims," said an
exasperated Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen Shaikh Mohd Salleh, IKIM's former Senior
Fellow (Centre for Scie nce and Techno logy) who was in charge of the survey.
The reluctance has resulted in the comparatively small number of Muslims who have
pledged their organs for donation as compared to other races. Between 1997 and now,
only 10 193 Muslims have pledged their organs as compared with 60 876 Chinese and
22 565 Indians. Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen further states that although the num ber of
pledges have increased over the years, a lot still needed to be done to encourage
Muslims to come forw ard. He pointed out that the National Fatwa Council had stated
in 1970 that organ don ation was permissible in Islam. "The reluctance on the part of
many Muslims may be a result of the lack of information, lack of understanding or
pure selfishness," he said, although many Muslim countries have supported organ and
tissue donation.
7

9. KERTASSOALANTAMAT