This document provides an overview of airbag systems. It discusses the development of airbags from their origins in airplanes to modern automotive applications. The key parts of an airbag system are described, including the bag, sensor, and inflation system. The document outlines the chemical reaction that inflates the bag and different sensor types. Modern airbag technologies like curtain and head-thorax bags are also reviewed. In conclusion, airbags are an important safety feature that have saved many lives.

1. REGEIF MOHAMEDALI
S8-MECHANICAL
ROLL NO: AXALEME040
GUIDE: ASST.PROF. ABILASH K.P
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
AXIS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AMBANOLY
SEMINARTOPICON
AIRBAG SYSTEM

2. OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC
Introduction
Why was it needed
Basics of airbag
Development
Main parts
Chimestry of AB
Sensor types
Inflator assembly
Modern types of Airbags
Future of Airbags
Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
For years, the trusty seat belt provided the sole form of
passive restraint in our cars.
There were debated about their safety, especially relating to
children.
It is known with high confidence that when a crash occurs,
the presence of airbag reduces fatality risk to drivers.
Air Bags have been under development for many years.

4. Why was it needed?
•To keep those who are
driving safer

5. BASICS OF AIR BAGS
Newton’s second law of motion :
If objects aren’t restrained, they will continue
moving at the speed of the moving car even if the car is
stopped by collision.
All airbags need to do is to slow down passenger’s
speed.

6. DEVELOPMENT OF AIR
BAGS
First patent on an inflatable crash-landing device for airplanes was
filed during World War II.
In the 1980’s the first commercial air bags appeared in
automobiles.
Ever since 1988, it became a binding.
Efforts to adapt the airbag was stranded due to prohibitive prices
and technical hurdles.

7. MAIN PARTS OF AIR BAG
Bag
Sensor
Inflation System

8. BAG
Made of a thin, nylon fabric, which is folded into the steering
wheel or dashboard or, the seat or door.
The powdery substance released (regular cornstarch or
talcum powder ) is used to keep the bags lubricated while
they’re in storage.

9. SENSOR
The sensor is the device that tells the bag to inflate.
It works with the control module to discriminate
between crash and non-crash events.

10. CHEMISTERY OF AIRBAG
Reaction 1: 2NaN3  2Na + 3N2
Reaction 2: 10Na + 2KNO3  K2O + 5Na2O + N2
Reaction 3: K2O + Na2O + SiO2  Na2K2SiO4
(alkaline silicate glass)
Hot Blasts of the nitrogen inflate the air bag from its storage site
up to 322Kmph.

11. CONSTRUCTION OF AIR BAGS
Airbag are assemblies consisting
of the airbag (made of Nylon), inflator modules
and sensor housing, electrical connectors (Clock
spring), airbag retainer and the cover.

12. BALL AND MAGNET TYPE
SENSOR
SPRING AND ROLLER
TYPE
SENSOR TYPES

13. INFLATOR ASSEMBLY
Control module activates the airbag assembly - an
electric current is sent to the detonator - ignition the
SODIUM AZIDE PALLETS –
evolves nitrogen gas.

15. AirBags are designed to inflate in frontal impacts in which the
car strikes about 16 Kilometers per hour .
After collision , sensors sends an electric current to igniter
system.
The electric current heats a filament (wire), which ignites a
capsule which in turn ignites the gas-generating pallets.
The gas expands quickly and inflation of airbags thereby takes
place, which breaks through a plastic cover in the steering wheel
The whole process takes about 0.1 second
WORKING OF AIRBAGS

16. MODERN AIRBAGS
Curtain Air Bags
Head Throax Bag
Inflatable Tubular Structure (ITS)

17. MODERN TYPES OF AIR BAGS
CURTAIN AIRBAG

18. CURTAIN AIRBAGS
Developed by &
Inflate in front of windows to provide passengers better
head and neck protection.
More efficient at tipping and side impacts .
Reduce HIC by 80% .

19. HEAD THROAX BAG

20. HEAD THROAX BAG
Developed by &
High protection to head .

21. INFLATABLE TUBULAR STRUCTURE (ITS)

22. INFLATABLE TUBULAR
STRUCTURE (ITS)
Developed by
The world’s first airbag for head protection .

23. FUTURE OF AIR BAGS
SMART SYSTEMS
Weight Sensors:
determine what type of occupant is in the seat, i.e. adult or child.
Infrared Occupant detection:
To detect the distance the passenger is from the airbag .
Capacitive Reflective Occupant Sensing:
Identify the distance passengers from the dashboard.
To discriminate between a human occupant and inanimate objects

24. AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT
Airbag inflation .
Depicts your contact with the airbag .
Coming to rest in the seat and the
deflation of the airbag .
All takes place in about 30
milliseconds .

25. DISARMING THE AIR BAGS
Disconnect the battery
Wait 30 seconds.
Remove the airbag fuse.
Drop the sound insulator panel.
Disconnect the circuits .
Thus the bag is disarmed.
Keep the bag below 130 degree Celsius .

26. BENEFITS
•Airbags save lives.
•They also reduce injuries.
•By providing a carefully controlled gradient of deceleration, the
human body comes through the crash relatively unharmed.

27. It is possible to be injured by an airbag. Usually this is
caused by the passenger hitting the airbag early. For full
protection, it is important that nobody sit with his face
directly in line with an expanding airbag. The National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration recommends that
passengers set at least 18 inches from an airbag.

28. CONCLUSION
Air bags are of greater importance in today’s vehicles
since safety of human life is of prior importance.
So far safe riding and for saving the precious life the
safety bags must be implemented.
Let’s hope every automobile manufacturer implement the
same.

29. REFERANCE
[1] Panchal. M, Dayaramani. A ,Project done by DKTE students,2004, online
launched on, http://www.textilepapers.tripod.com , vol 3.
[2] Goltner .W , Fabric for airbag US5236775 A patent published in Aug
17,Gogle patent , 1993,vol 1
[3] Khan. M. S, project done by DKTE students,Textile 2001 learner– Air-bag
for automobiles, http://www.textilelearner.blogspot.com , vol 1
[4] Dupont , Sun. J, Barnes J. A, Airbag End-Use Technology,1999, Marerial
selection for Air-bags , vol 7