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1. STATES & CHANGES IN MATTERSTATES & CHANGES IN MATTER

2. MATTERMATTER
• Matter is everywhere.
• Matter is anything that takes up space and
has mass.
• Matter is constantly experiencing both
chemical and physical changes.

3. STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER

4. FOUR STATES OF MATTERFOUR STATES OF MATTER
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

5. BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION OF THEBASIS OF CLASSIFICATION OF THE
FOUR TYPESFOUR TYPES
 Based upon the particle arrangement.
 Based upon energy of particles.
 Based upon distance between particles.

6. KINETIC THEORY OF MATTERKINETIC THEORY OF MATTER
• Matter is made up of particles which are in
continual random motion.

7. SOLIDSOLID
• Particles are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed
position.
• Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
• Solids have weight.
• Solids take up space.

8. SOLID (cont...)SOLID (cont...)
• Crystalline Solids – molecules are arranged in a
geometric pattern
Ex. Table Salt
• Amorphous Solids – molecules do not have a set
pattern of arrangement
Ex. Gels

9. SOLID (cont...)SOLID (cont...)
Particle Movement

10. EXAMPLES OF SOLIDEXAMPLES OF SOLID
Gold Wood

11. EXAMPLES OF SOLIDEXAMPLES OF SOLID
Steel Bricks

12. LIQUIDLIQUID
• Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far
enough apart to slide over one another.
• Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite
volume. Liquids take the shape of their container.
• Liquids have weight & take up space.

13. LIQUID (cont...)LIQUID (cont...)
Particle Movement

14. EXAMPLES OF LIQUIDEXAMPLES OF LIQUID
Milk Blood

15. EXAMPLES OF LIQUIDEXAMPLES OF LIQUID
WaterUrine

16. GASSESGASSES
• Particles of gases are very far apart and move
freely.
• Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite
volume.
• Gasses spread out to fill the entire space given.
• Gasses have weight & take up space.

17. GAS (cont...)GAS (cont...)
Particle Movement

18. EXAMPLES OF GASEXAMPLES OF GAS
Air Helium

19. EXAMPLES OF GASEXAMPLES OF GAS
Nitrogen Carbon Dioxide

20. PHASE CHANGESPHASE CHANGES
Description
of Phase
Change
Term for Phase
Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Solid to liquid Melting Heat goes into the solid as it
melts.
Liquid to solid Freezing Heat leaves the liquid as it
freezes.

21. PHASE CHANGES (cont...)PHASE CHANGES (cont...)
Descriptio
n of Phase
Change
Term for
Phase
Change
Heat Movement
During
Phase Change
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which
includes boiling and
evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it
vaporizes.
Gas to liquid Condensation Heat leaves the gas as it
condenses.
Solid to gas Sublimation Heat goes into the solid as it
sublimates.

22. LET’S WATCH THIS!LET’S WATCH THIS!

23. QUESTION:QUESTION:
But what happens if you raise the temperature to
super-high levels…
between
1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything just be a gas?

24. PLASMAPLASMA
• A plasma is an ionized gas.
• A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity
and is affected by magnetic fields.
• Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and
an indefinite volume.

25. PLASMA (cont...)PLASMA (cont...)
• Particles are electrically charged.

26. EXAMPLES OF PLASMAEXAMPLES OF PLASMA
Flame Lightning

27. EXAMPLES OF PLASMAEXAMPLES OF PLASMA
Aurora Sun

28. STATES OF MATTER?STATES OF MATTER?
What would it take for matter to move from one state
to another?

29. ENERGY DETERMINES THEENERGY DETERMINES THE
STATES!STATES!

30. SUMMARYSUMMARY
SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA
Tightly packed, in
a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not
move from place
to place
Close together
with no regular
arrangement.
Vibrate, move
about, and slide
past each other
Well separated
with no regular
arrangement.
Vibrate and move
freely at high
speeds
Has no definite
volume or shape
and is composed
of electrical
charged particles

31. CHANGES IN MATTERCHANGES IN MATTER

32. PHYSICAL CHANGEPHYSICAL CHANGE
• Physical Changes occur when matter changes its
property but not its chemical nature.
• Physical property changes could include a change
in texture, shape, size, color, odor, volume, mass,
weight and density.

33. EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL CHANGEEXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL CHANGE
Melting an ice Breaking a bottle

34. EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL CHANGEEXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL CHANGE
Casting silver in a mold Crumpling a paper

35. Chemical ChangeChemical Change
• Chemical changes are changes matter undergoes
when it becomes new or different matter.
• To identify a chemical change look for signs such
as color change, bubbling and fizzing, light
production, smoke, and presence of heat.

36. Chemical Change (cont...)Chemical Change (cont...)
• A chemical change
occurs when fireworks
are used. Fireworks are
made of metals such as
magnesium and copper.
• These change chemically
as they light up the sky.

37. EXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL CHANGEEXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL CHANGE
Burning wood Dissolving salt in water

38. EXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL CHANGEEXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL CHANGE
Digesting foods Mixing acid and base

39. LET’S WATCH THIS!LET’S WATCH THIS!

40. LET’S PLAY A GAME!LET’S PLAY A GAME!

41. NAME THAT CHANGE!NAME THAT CHANGE!
How To Play
For each item, you will need to tell whether a physical
or a chemical change has taken place!

42. Is it a chemical or physical change?Is it a chemical or physical change?
• Breaking water up by separating it into hydrogen
and oxygen.
Chemical Change

43. Is it a chemical or physical change?Is it a chemical or physical change?
• Cutting paper.
Physical Change

44. Is it a chemical or physical change?Is it a chemical or physical change?
• Crashing an aspirin.
Physical Change

45. Is it a chemical or physical change?Is it a chemical or physical change?
• Metal rusting.
Chemical Change

46. Is it a chemical or physical change?Is it a chemical or physical change?
• Lighter fluid burning.
Chemical Change

47. Is it a chemical or physical change?Is it a chemical or physical change?
• Wall painting.
Physical Change

48. Is it a chemical or physical change?Is it a chemical or physical change?
• Ribbon cutting.
Physical Change

49. THANK YOUTHANK YOU
ANDAND
GOOD DAYGOOD DAY