美妝產業為全球化的產業，而全球各地之氣候大不相同，環境溫溼度與皮膚屏障功能之相關性為美妝產品開發階段時重要的考量因素，臺灣位處熱帶及亞熱帶交界，一年四季皆有雨，且氣溫炎熱，皮膚為人體最大的器官，作為外界環境變化與刺激的防線，以維持皮膚內部之穩定狀態，因此了解環境變化與皮膚屏障之關聯有其必要性。經文獻搜尋，有研究表明，環境濕度變化會導致皮膚屏障失衡狀態隨季節性惡化，如：牛皮癬、異位性皮膚炎和酒糟性皮膚炎等皮膚疾病；另亦有研究指出，皮膚含水量、皮脂分泌量、經皮水分散失量和皮膚 pH 值等皮膚參數會受不同季節所影響，然目前臺灣尚無溼熱帶氣候與皮膚參數相關研究，可由同為夏雨型暖溼地區之皮膚研究資料推測臺灣人可能之皮膚狀況，從中了解適合於高溫高濕環境下的肌膚保養方式。

1. 環境溫溼度與皮膚之相關性研究
中國醫藥大學 藥用化妝品學系
江秀梅 教授兼系主任
2022.10.29
濕熱氣候美妝產業鏈 創新創業論壇
1

2. 2
中國醫藥大學 藥用化妝品學系
教授兼系主任 江秀梅
中國醫藥大學 藥物化學研究所博士
專長
藥學、毒理學、環境醫學、化妝品學、
機能性化妝品有效性暨安全性評估

3. 3
氣候變化，如全年氣溫在零度以下的北極地區或晝夜溫差高達 100°C 的撒哈拉沙漠，
不同氣候條件會對皮膚造成不同的刺激，並誘發皮膚產生適應性變化。

4. 4
C l i m a t e

5. 5
1st 2nd
(seasonal precipitation type)
3rd
(temperature pattern)
A
(Tropical)
f (Rainforest) Af
m (Monsoon) Am
w (Savanna, Dry winter) Aw
s (Savanna, Dry summer) As
B
(Arid)
W (Desert)
h (Hot) BWh
k (Cold) BWk
S (Steppe)
h (Hot) BSh
k (Cold) BSk
C
(Temperate)
s (Dry summer)
a (Hot summer) Csa
b (Warm summer) Csb
c (Cold summer) Csc
w (Dry winter)
a (Hot summer) Cwa
b (Warm summer) Cwb
c (Cold summer) Cwc
f (No dry season)
a (Hot summer) Cfa
b (Warm summer) Cfb
c (Cold summer) Cfc
1st 2nd
(seasonal precipitation type)
3rd
(temperature pattern)
D
(Continental)
s (Dry summer)
a (Hot summer) Dsa
b (Warm summer) Dsb
c (Cold summer) Dsc
d (Very cold winter) Dsd
w (Dry winter)
a (Hot summer) Dwa
b (Warm summer) Dwb
c (Cold summer) Dwc
d (Very cold winter) Dwd
f (No dry season)
a (Hot summer) Dfa
b (Warm summer) Dfb
c (Cold summer) Dfc
d (Very cold winter) Dfd
E
(Polar)
T (Tundra) ET
F (Eternal frost (ice cap)) EF
Definition
• Summer is the six-month period that is warmer between April-September in Northern Hemisphere.
• Winter is the six-month period that is colder between October-March in Northern Hemisphere.
Köppen-Geiger climate classification
Beck, H. E., Zimmermann, N. E., McVicar, T. R., Vergopolan, N., Berg, A., & Wood, E. F. (2018). Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution. Scientific data, 5(1), 1-12.

6. 6
Figure 1. New and improved Köppen-Geiger classifications. Part (a) shows the present-day map (1980–2016).
Köppen-Geiger climate classification map
Beck, H. E., Zimmermann, N. E., McVicar, T. R., Vergopolan, N., Berg, A., & Wood, E. F. (2018). Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution. Scientific data, 5(1), 1-12.

7. 7
Taiwan
China
South Korea
Thailand
Vietnam
Malaysia
Indonesia
Philippines
Singapore
Laos
Cambodia
Japan
Myanmar
Mongolia
North Korea
Northeast Asia
Southeast Asia
Eastern Asia

8. 327.8
349.8
274.4
211.0
284.1 290.4
119.5
211.4
390.1 377.6
396.9
356.6
36.6
63.0
86.9
126.8
249.6
329.0
303.3
340.8
147.5
25.0 23.8 30.5
19.1 17.7
32.3
68.4
202.2
416.2
377.2
512.4
224.5
53.4
25.6 19.2
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
一月 二月 三月 四月 五月 六月 七月 八月 九月 十月 十一月 十二月
毫米
mm
平均降水量
基隆 臺中 高雄
8
Am = Tropical monsoon climate 熱帶季風氣候
Am climate has a driest month (which nearly always occurs at or soon after the "winter" solstice for that side of
the equator) with rainfall less than 60 mm (2.4 in).
Aw = Tropical savanna climate with dry-winter characteristics 熱帶草原氣候
Aw climates have a pronounced dry season, with the driest month having precipitation less than 60 mm (2.4 in).
Cwa = Monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate 副熱帶季風性溼潤氣候
At least ten times as much rain in the wettest month of summer as in the driest month of winter (alternative
definition is 70% or more of average annual precipitation is received in the warmest six months).
Cfa = Humid subtropical climate 副熱帶溼潤氣候
No significant precipitation difference between seasons. No dry months in the summer.
臺灣氣候

9. 9
77.4
78.9
78.6
79.4
80.7
81.3
79.2
80.6
79.4
77.0
77.4
76.6
74.0
75.0
76.0
77.0
78.0
79.0
80.0
81.0
82.0
一月 二月 三月 四月 五月 六月 七月 八月 九月 十月 十一月 十二月
百分比
%
月份
相對濕度
15.8 16.4
18.3
21.2
23.8
25.8
26.8 26.5
25.4
23.1
20.6
17.4
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
一月 二月 三月 四月 五月 六月 七月 八月 九月 十月 十一月 十二月
攝氏度
°C
月份
氣溫
臺灣氣候資料 (統計期間 1991~2020)
• 月平均資料為 30 年平均值。
• 每 10 年更新一次，更新時間為次年 1 月底前；1991-2020 年月平均資料，更新日期為 2021 年 1 月底年完成更新。
資料來源：交通部中央氣象局
相對溼度年平均 78.9%
夏季 (四月至九月) 平均相對溼度 80.1%
冬季 (十月至三月) 平均相對溼度 77.7%
氣溫年平均 21.8°C
年平均最高氣溫 25.4°C、年平均最低氣溫 19.1°C
夏季 (四月至九月) 平均氣溫 24.9°C
冬季 (十月至三月) 平均氣溫 18.6°C

10. 10
S k i n

11. Skin
Voegeli, D. (2012). Understanding the main principles of skin care in older adults. Nursing Standard, 27(11).
Proksch, E., Brandner, J. M., & Jensen, J. M. (2008). The skin: an indispensable barrier. Experimental dermatology, 17(12), 1063-1072.
11

12. 12
Skin barrier
https://www.biovendor.com/filaggrin-plays-important-role-in-skin-barrier
Proksch, E., Brandner, J. M., & Jensen, J. M. (2008). The skin: an indispensable barrier. Experimental dermatology, 17(12), 1063-1072.

13. 13
Skin hydration & Transepidermal water loss (TEWL)
Engebretsen, K. A., Johansen, J. D., Kezic, S., Linneberg, A., & Thyssen, J. P. (2016). The effect of environmental humidity and temperature on skin barrier function and dermatitis. Journal of the European
Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 30(2), 223-249.
Damaged
skin barrier
Healthy
skin barrier
Filaggrin proteolysis is controlled by SC water amount

14. 14
Humidity & Skin barrier
Denda, M., Sato, J., Masuda, Y., Tsuchiya, T., Koyama, J., Kuramoto, M., ... & Feingold, K. R. (1998).
Exposure to a dry environment enhances epidermal permeability barrier function. Journal of
Investigative Dermatology, 111(5), 858-863.
Effect of humidity on TEWL
Relative humidity influences not only basal TEWL but also
epidermal morphology
Barrier recovery accelerates after prolonged exposure to a dry
environment
Dry environment accelerates barrier recovery rate; in contrast, humid
environment delays it.

15. Skin pH & Sebum content
15
Schreml, S., Kemper, M., & Abels, C. (2014). Skin pH in the elderly and appropriate skin care.
European Medical Journal Dermatology, 2, 86-94.
Proksch, E. (2018). pH in nature, humans and skin. The Journal of dermatology, 45(9), 1044-1052.

16. 16
C l i m a t e & S k i n F u n c t i o n

17. 17
Table 1. The Summer Climatological Information of Eight Different Regions
Lee, J. A., Song, E. J., Park, J. J., Kim, H. J., Kim, S. H., Kim, N. S., & Moon, T. K. (2017). The Comparison of Skin Physical Parameters in Asian Women. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea,
43(4), 297-307.
The Comparison of Skin Physical Parameters in Asian Women
亞洲 南亞 東南亞 東南亞 東南亞 東南亞 東亞 東亞 東亞 東北亞
國家 印度 印尼 馬來西亞 越南 泰國 臺灣 中國 中國 南韓
城市 新德里 雅加達 吉隆坡 胡志明市 曼谷 上海 北京 首爾
經度 77° 20' E 106° 86' E 101° 68' E 106° 62' E 100° 50' E 120° 58′ E 121° 47' E 116° 40' E 126° 97' E
緯度 28° 61' N 6° 17' S 3° 13' N 10° 82' N 13° 75' N 23° 58' N 31° 23' N 39° 90' N 37° 56' N
溫度 (°C) 25.6°C 28.2°C 28.3°C 28.8°C 32.2°C 24.9°C 26.7°C 22.8°C 25.2°C
濕度 (%) 47.9% 62.6% 78.6% 81.5% 64.8% 80.1% 72.7% 68.9% 76.7%
研究期間
(2011-2013)
Mar-Apr
(2013)
Oct
(2012)
Aug-Sep
(2013)
May-Jun
(2012)
May
(2013)
Aug-Sep
(2011)
Aug-Sep
(2013)
Jul-Aug
(2011)
Latitude & Longitude: Data from web site ‘Latlong’ ; Temperature & Humidity: Data from web site ‘Weather Underground’
臺灣經緯度資料來源：1997 年台灣大地基準 ; 臺灣氣候數據資料來源：交通部中央氣象局
Definition: Summer is the six-month period that is warmer between April-September in Northern Hemisphere.

18. 18
The measurement of skin hydration, TEWL, pH and sebum content on the forehead and cheek in Asian females
國家 印度 印尼 馬來西亞 越南 泰國 中國 中國 南韓
城市 新德里 雅加達 吉隆坡 胡志明市 曼谷 上海 北京 首爾
緯度 28° 61' N 6° 17' S 3° 13' N 10° 82' N 13° 75' N 31° 23' N 39° 90' N 37° 56' N
溫度 (°C) 25.6°C 28.2°C 28.3°C 28.8°C 32.2°C 26.7°C 22.8°C 25.2°C
濕度 (%) 47.9% 62.6% 78.6% 81.5% 64.8% 72.7% 68.9% 76.7%
研究期間 2011 - 2013 年
Mar-Apr
(2013)
Oct
(2012)
Aug-Sep
(2013)
May-Jun
(2012)
May
(2013)
Aug-Sep
(2011)
Aug-Sep
(2013)
Jul-Aug
(2011)
受試者 1,500 人 (20 -59 歲) 200 人 200 人 200 人 200 人 200 人 200 人 200 人 100 人
Skin hydration
(a.u.)
Forehead 46.63 ± 9.50 59.02 ± 10.67 55.09 ± 8.89 63.06 ± 8.77 62.45 ± 7.66 55.59 ± 10.01 59.53 ± 11.02 67.02 ± 10.40
Cheek 45.46 ± 9.00 67.30 ± 7.72 58.32 ± 8.96 67.91 ± 7.48 62.70 ± 8.43 56.88 ± 10.48 65.69 ± 10.66 67.30 ± 10.70
TEWL
(g/h/m²)
Forehead 12.22 ± 2.82 12.96 ± 3.00 12.54 ± 2.99 15.55 ± 4.19 14.44 ± 3.49 14.63 ± 3.49 14.62 ± 3.09 15.40 ± 3.24
Cheek 17.62 ± 4.63 15.27 ± 3.15 16.68 ± 4.28 17.55 ± 4.36 15.80 ± 3.76 16.59 ± 4.40 15.54 ± 3.63 18.39 ± 8.15
Skin pH
(pH units)
Forehead 5.77 ± 0.50 4.93 ± 0.44 5.17 ± 0.40 4.55 ± 0.44 5.16 ± 0.35 5.27 ± 0.37 5.15 ± 0.47 5.20 ± 0.33
Cheek 6.11 ± 0.36 5.33 ± 0.40 5.43 ± 0.31 4.77 ± 0.47 5.61 ± 0.26 5.51 ± 0.35 5.60 ± 0.43 5.40 ± 0.34
Sebum content
(μg/cm²)
Forehead 16.82 ± 13.79 25.74 ± 18.29 29.88 ± 22.34 32.40 ± 21.70 30.93 ± 21.68 33.02 ± 25.45 21.12 ± 17.53 39.30 ± 24.35
Cheek 8.46 ± 8.55 14.62 ± 13.5 18.67 ± 15.81 16.87 ± 11.94 17.23 ± 12.23 - 10.97 ± 11.48 -
The Comparison of Skin Physical Parameters in Asian Women

19. 19
臺灣
(1991-2020)
經度 120° 58′ E
緯度 23° 58' N
年平均最高氣溫 (°C) 25.4°C
年平均最低氣溫 (°C) 19.1°C
年平均降水量 (mm) 2422.6 mm
臺灣 (23° 58' N)
胡志明市 (10° 8' N)
雅加達 (6° 2' S)
新加坡 (1° 4' N) 赤道

20. Lee, M. R., Nam, G. W., Jung, Y. C., Park, S. Y., Han, J. Y., Cho, J. C., ... & Hwang, J. K. (2013). Comparison of the skin biophysical parameters of Southeast Asia females: forehead–cheek and ethnic groups.
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 27(12), 1521-1526.
Comparison of the skin biophysical parameters of Southeast Asia
females: forehead-cheek
• 200 位 Indonesian women, live in Jakarta (n = 100) and Bandung (n = 100) aged 27.4 ± 4.6 years (20-34 years)
• 100 位 Vietnamese women, live in Hochiminh 胡志明市 aged 26.5 ± 4.8 years (20-34 years)
• 97 位 Singaporean women (Chinese origin) aged 27.0 ± 4.1 years (20-34 years)
Table 1 Comparison of the biophysical parameters on the foreheads and cheeks of Indonesian, Vietnamese and
Singaporean females.
20

21. 440 healthy Chinese women n = 224 n = 216
21
臺灣
溫度(°C) 相對溼度 (%)
冬季 18.6°C 77.7%
夏季 24.9°C 80.1%
廣州 (23° 07' N)
北京 (39° 90' N)
臺灣 (23° 58' N)

22. Sebum content
Skin hydration
22
A difference in skin hydration during summer and winter
was greater in Beijing women than in Guangzhou women.
Guangzhou women had significantly more sebum secretion than Beijing women, and
the amount decreased sharply during summer after 40 years old in both regions.
TEWL The TEWL increased in winter, and the difference during summer and winter was greater in the
old age groups.
Skin pH Beijing women’s skin pH was higher in winter, but Guangzhou women’s skin pH
had no seasonal variation.

23. 23
C o n c l u s i o n

24. 24
Skin hydration & Transepidermal water loss (TEWL)
Engebretsen, K. A., Johansen, J. D., Kezic, S., Linneberg, A., & Thyssen, J. P. (2016). The effect of environmental humidity and temperature on skin barrier function and dermatitis. Journal of the European
Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 30(2), 223-249.
Damaged
skin barrier
Healthy
skin barrier

25. 25
Lukić, M., Pantelić, I., & Savić, S. D. (2021). Towards optimal ph of the skin and topical formulations: From the current state of the art to tailored products. Cosmetics, 8(3), 69.
Endogenous and exogenous factors affecting skin pH and
sebum content

26. 26
China Medical University
Department of Cosmeceutics
PHONE: 04-22053366 Ext. 5302
EMAIL: hmchiang@mail.cmu.edu.tw
T h a n k y o u f o r l i s t e n i n g