Cross-Platform Game Engine
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Game engines provide an abstraction layer that allows games to run across multiple platforms. A cross-platform game engine handles the complex and platform-specific implementation details, so that game developers can focus on gameplay instead of low-level code. DeadEngine is an example of a cross-platform engine that supports PC, iOS and Android using C++ and common interfaces. While engines like Unity make it easy to deploy games across many platforms, native implementations tend to be smaller and faster than games built with an engine. Therefore, developing a cross-platform engine requires implementing features separately for each platform.
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Cross-Platform Game Engine
- 1. 1 Kiyoung Moon Cross-Platform Game Engines Kiyoung Moon
- 2. 2 Kiyoung Moon Agenda • About Computer • Definition of Game Engine. • Definition of Platform. • What is Cross-Platform Game Engines? • Case Study : DeadEngine • Case Study : Unity (If I have time)
- 3. 3 Kiyoung Moon History • When I/you don’t know something about, it is good to have a look at the history.
- 4. 4 Kiyoung Moon Computer game is a computer software • It’s important! – Computer Games = Computer Software • To make a computer software we should understand about the computer.
- 5. 5 Kiyoung Moon Computer • Computer is a machine to calculate expressions that it is logically described. • The origin of word ‘Computer’ has come from ‘Computare’ of Latin language.
- 6. 6 Kiyoung Moon Where did the computer start? • Nature. – Nature is just existed. – We can measure it. • Physics law. – We can measure about it then could get the law. – For example, V = RI(Voltage is multiply of resistance and current)
- 7. 7 Kiyoung Moon Abstraction! • Abstraction is a best tool that human has. – I think • We can use diagram to express complicate things.
- 8. 8 Kiyoung Moon Analog, Digital • I’m going to talk about the Digital world only. • We can use gate! Not And OrAmplifier
- 9. 9 Kiyoung Moon Combinational, Sequential Logic. • With the gate, we can make more complicate things. • For example, 4 bits adder. – 0101 + 0011 = 1000
- 10. 10 Kiyoung Moon Full adder • Take 3 inputs and 2 outputs.
- 11. 11 Kiyoung Moon Full adder is complicated! • Let’s make full adder like this.
- 12. 12 Kiyoung Moon Let’s compare these. • Easy to use, remember.
- 13. 13 Kiyoung Moon 4 bits adder 0 01 10 0 11 1 0 0 011 11 1 1 0 0
- 14. 14 Kiyoung Moon 4 bits adder is still complicated. • Let’s use abstraction!
- 15. 15 Kiyoung Moon Instruction Set • x86, i4004 • We can use Computer language to make a computer software.
- 16. 16 Kiyoung Moon Computer Language • Assembler is machine specific. • What does it mean? – Have to write machine dependent assembler for machines. – Programmer is lazy! Don’t like this. • So computer language has been invented. – C, C++, C# – Java – Basic and so on...
- 17. 17 Kiyoung Moon Software • OS, Games, Applications are all software.
- 19. 19 Kiyoung Moon Where we are Nature Physics Law Circuit Abstraction. Digital World Analog World Combinational Logic Instruction Set Computer Languages. Software ... ...
- 20. 20 Kiyoung Moon Again. What is game? • Games are computer software – Computer Games = Computer Software
- 21. 21 Kiyoung Moon Computer game is a computer software. Nature Physics Law Circuit Abstraction. Digital World Analog World Combinational Logic Instruction Set Computer Languages. Software ... ... Game
- 22. 22 Kiyoung Moon What is Game Engine? • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_engine • A game engine is a software framework designed for the creation and development of video games.
- 23. 23 Kiyoung Moon Game Engine • Games are very complicated software. • For example, Rendering, Physics, AI, Sounds, Input and so on.
- 24. 24 Kiyoung Moon
- 25. 25 Kiyoung Moon Do I need to implement all of those?!?! • YES – 10 years ago
- 26. 26 Kiyoung Moon Again, abstraction. • Thankfully not anymore.
- 28. 28 Kiyoung Moon Game Engine does every dirty/hard works for you. • To construct every game systems from the start is hard. • Game Engine abstract all of those hard works for gameplay programmer so programmer have more time to concentrate on gameplay instead of dirty/hard works. – Someone like me still like those dirty/hard works but it’s obvious. – If I can concentrate on gameplay more, then game is getting more fun. • Believe or not
- 29. 29 Kiyoung Moon List of Game Engines. • Quake • Id software made it. • Open Source
- 30. 30 Kiyoung Moon List of Game Engines • Unreal Engine • Epic Games made it. • Integrated Game Development Tool • Big Companies
- 31. 31 Kiyoung Moon List of Game Engines. • Unity • Integrated Game Development Tool • Support C#, Boo, JavaScript • Small companies
- 32. 32 Kiyoung Moon Other game engines. • Renderware • C4 Engine • GameBryo • Cocos2D • GameMaker • DeadEngine – This is my cross-platform engine!
- 33. 33 Kiyoung Moon What is Platform? • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing_platform • A computing platform is, in the most general sense, whatever pre-existing environment a piece of software is designed to run within, obeying its constraints, and making use of its facilities. Typical platforms include a hardware architecture, an operating system (OS), and runtime libraries.[1]
- 34. 34 Kiyoung Moon Meaning of Platform is very wide. • For Game Engine, Platform is a machine environment. • For Example – xbox360 – PC – PS3 – Web – Android – iOS
- 35. 35 Kiyoung Moon What is Cross-Platform? • Cross-Platform – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-platform • In computing, cross-platform, or multi-platform, is an attribute conferred to computer software or computing methods and concepts that are implemented and inter-operate on multiple computer platforms.[1] The software and methods are also said to be platform independent. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in aninterpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run- time packages are common or standard components of all platforms.[2] Simply cross-platform software runs on different machines. For example, Java application generate ‘byte code’ and it compiled on the fly based on the machines.
- 36. 36 Kiyoung Moon Cross-Platform Computer Software • Normally program runs on specific machines such as PC, Mac and so on. • If we want program runs on every machines(PC, Mac for example) programmer needs to make two programs. • Some machine’s environment are exactly same but most of cases it is not. • What’s mean? – Programmer need to make a program per machines.
- 37. 37 Kiyoung Moon You know programmer is lazy! • We are lazy. – We like to make things – But we don’t like to do same thing again and again.
- 38. 38 Kiyoung Moon Concept of Cross-Platform Software • Concept is simple Program PC Mac Environment Environment Program
- 40. 40 Kiyoung Moon Example : Endian mode difference. • PC uses little-endian mode. • PS3(PowerPC) uses big-endian mode. • What is a problem? – Tool and Game • I choose big-endian mode – I don’t want to waste of time for game. – PC(For developer) version is ok to be slow. • Support MemoryStream Class – Programmer don’t need to care about the file format. – Just use MemoryStream’s interface (read, write) and MemoryStream class does all dirty/hard works.
- 41. 41 Kiyoung Moon Case Study : Dead Engine • DeadEngine is a cross-platform game engine. • Support PC, iOS, Android Platforms. • Games with DeadEngine. – DressUpBaby, Attack of the pig • Animation Tools – DeadAnimation
- 42. 42 Kiyoung Moon Case Study : Dead Engine • Full C++ Game Engine. • Provides Rendering, Physics(Box2D), Sounds, Math, Script systems so on.
- 43. 43 Kiyoung Moon How to support PC/Android/iOS? • I had experiences PC/Android/iOS games. • I could use C/C++ for PC platform. (Yes!) • Android uses Java but there is a way to use C/C++! (Yes!) – NDK(Native Development Kit) • iOS uses Objective C/C++ but still can use C/C++ (Yes!) • For Rendering, I could use OpenGL ES (PC/Android/iOS) • It was really simple! – I could use same language for 3 platforms which is really good sign. • Of course, some functions I had to implement more than 2 implementation.
- 44. 44 Kiyoung Moon Rendering • Fortunately OpenGL runs on Android/iOS/PC • Unfortunately some interface were different. – So I made a common interface class for client programmer and internally has 3 classes. Client Gameplay Programmer PC Android iOS KRendering PC specific rendering code Android specific rendering code iOS specific rendering code EngineGameplay
- 45. 45 Kiyoung Moon Audio(Sound) • There are Open source audio library but the performance wasn’t good enough so I had to implement 3 audio classes. – Same as rendering... now you know cross-platform is not free. Some one have to do this dirty/hard works.
- 46. 46 Kiyoung Moon Case Study : Unity • Unity is a cross-platform game engine. • Unity is not source based game engine. • Gameplay programmer can use C#, Boo, Java Script for gameplay logic. • Support all kind of platforms such as pc, android, iOS, web, console and so on.
- 47. 47 Kiyoung Moon Case Study : Unity • Good Things – It support many platforms and easy to change platforms. • Fact • Many Korean game companies (include small studio) uses Unity Engine for their games. • Bad Things – Performance issue can be raised. – With my experience native app is 6 times smaller than the app with Unity Engine. – More than 2 times slower than native app. – Source is not available (we can buy it if we have money) • Can’t do anything if there is a problem happen. Have to wait for next update.
- 48. 48 Kiyoung Moon Summary • Computer game is equal to computer software. • Abstraction is the best tool. • Cross-platform is must have features of recent game engines. • Game Engine has trade offs. – Compare to native program. – Normally native program is faster/smaller than the program use game engines. • Cross-platform is not free. – If you are making an engine yourself you have to implement all of those features!
Notas del editor
- I assume the auditions are not a software engineer and want to know about the cross-platform game engines. let’s start
- many people think computer games are different compare to computer software but internally it is same. it’s a computer software. Recognize it is important.
- We can make a diagram and saying “It’s a 4 bits adder” We can use 4 bits adder (we don’t care about the detail inside)
- many people think computer games are different compare to computer software but internally it is same. it’s a computer software. Recognize it is important.
- hmm... software framework.
- from game engine architecture.
- For instance we have a map tool runs on PC and generate map file. map file should be editable on PC and used on PS3. Because game will runs on PS3. In this case, programmer need to fix endian mode of map file. It’s a simple cross-platform problem when we support cross-platform computer software.