Ch03

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mechanical Properties in Design and Manufacturing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stress‑Strain Relationships ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tensile Test ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tensile Test Specimen ,[object Object]

Tensile Test Setup ,[object Object]

Tensile Test Sequence ,[object Object]

Engineering Stress ,[object Object],where  e = engineering stress, F = applied force, and A o = original area of test specimen

Engineering Strain ,[object Object],where e = engineering strain; L = length at any point during elongation; and L o = original gage length

Typical Engineering Stress-Strain Plot ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Elastic Region in Stress‑Strain Curve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Yield Point in Stress‑Strain Curve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Plastic Region in Stress‑Strain Curve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tensile Strength in Stress‑Strain Curve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ductility in Tensile Test ,[object Object],[object Object],where EL = elongation; L f = specimen length at fracture; and L o = original specimen length L f is measured as the distance between gage marks after two pieces of specimen are put back together

True Stress ,[object Object],where  = true stress; F = force; and A = actual (instantaneous) area resisting the load

True Stress-Strain Curve ,[object Object]

Strain Hardening in Stress-Strain Curve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

True Stress-Strain in Log-Log Plot ,[object Object]

Flow Curve ,[object Object],where K = strength coefficient; and n = strain hardening exponent

Categories of Stress-Strain Relationship: Perfectly Elastic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stress-Strain Relationships: Elastic and Perfectly Plastic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stress-Strain Relationships: Elastic and Strain Hardening ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Compression Test ,[object Object],[object Object]

Engineering Stress in Compression ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Engineering Strain in Compression ,[object Object],Since height is reduced during compression, value of e is negative (the negative sign is usually ignored when expressing compression strain)

Stress-Strain Curve in Compression ,[object Object],[object Object]

Tensile Test vs. Compression Test ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Testing of Brittle Materials ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transverse Rupture Strength ,[object Object],where TRS = transverse rupture strength; F = applied load at fracture; L = length of specimen between supports; and b and t are dimensions of cross section

Shear Properties ,[object Object]

Shear Stress and Strain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Torsion Stress-Strain Curve ,[object Object]

Shear Elastic Stress‑Strain Relationship ,[object Object],where G = shear modulus, or shear modulus of elasticity For most materials, G  0.4 E , where E = elastic modulus

Shear Plastic Stress‑Strain Relationship ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hardness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hardness Tests ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Brinell Hardness Test

Brinell Hardness Number ,[object Object],where HB = Brinell Hardness Number (BHN), F = indentation load, kg; D b = diameter of ball, mm, and D i = diameter of indentation, mm

Rockwell Hardness Test ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Rockwell Hardness Test ,[object Object]

Effect of Temperature on Properties ,[object Object]

Hot Hardness ,[object Object],[object Object]

Recrystallization in Metals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Recrystallization Temperature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Recrystallization and Manufacturing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Fluid Properties and Manufacturing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Viscosity in Fluids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Shear Stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Shear Rate ,[object Object],where = shear rate, 1/s; dv = change in velocity, m/s; and dy = change in distance y , m Shear rate = velocity gradient perpendicular to flow direction

Shear Viscosity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Coefficient of Viscosity ,[object Object],[object Object]

Flow Rate and Viscosity of Polymers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Newtonian versus Pseudoplastic Fluids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Viscoelastic Behavior ,[object Object],[object Object]

Elastic Behavior vs. Viscoelastic Behavior ,[object Object],[object Object]

Ch03

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Ch03