Review the 2017 course themes and key concepts for Period 1 (up to 600BCE)

1. TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
TRANSFORMATIONS
To 600 B.C.E. (Solberg APWH)

2. WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?
 World History is GLOBAL!
 Humans emerged in East Africa in the
Paleolithic era
 Hunting-Foraging bands migrated to:
 Eurasia
 Americas
 Australia
 Developed/exchanged technology & culture as
they arrived in different climate zones

4. PALEOLITHIC TOOLS

5. WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?
 Neolithic Revolution began in about 8000 BCE
 Permanent agricultural villages developed in
different places at different times!
 Nile Valley
 Tigris & Euphrates Valley
 Huang He/Yellow River
 Indus River
 Mesoamerica
 Andes
 New Guinea
 Most likely a result of climate change

7. WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?
 Local plants & animals are domesticated
 Wheat & Pigs- Mesopotamia
 Potatoes & Llamas – Andean S. America
 Cooperation was required to clear land and
control water for crop production
 Soil depletion, overgrazing, deforestation,
irrigation…all impact the earth

9. PASTORALISM
 Small bands follow large livestock in
systematic, seasonal patterns
 Afro-Eurasian grasslands
 E. Africa, C. Asia
 Overgrazing hurts environment
 Specialization of labor & social classes exist
 Less patriarchal than ag societies
 More egalitarian than ag societies

10. PASTORALISM

11. PASTORALISM
 Developed and spread new weapons &
transportation to ag societies
 Iron weapons
 Composite bows
 Horseback riding

12. WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?
 Population grew exponentially with farming and
grazing
 Surplus of food=specialization of labor
 Artisans, warriors, elites, unskilled masses
 Technology led to improvements in farming
(plows, metals), trade (pottery, woven textiles),
and transportation (wheels)
 Elites gain wealth & promote patriarchy & large
poor classes

14. WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW
 States first emerge in the core agricultural
areas
 Egypt
 Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa
 Shang Dynasty
 Sumeria (Mesopotamia)
 Olmec
 Chavin

16. EARLY STATES
 Mobilized resources for farming
 Organized labor
 Led by a divine ruler
 Had military support
 Competed with other states for resources
 Ex. Hittites had iron so others wanted it
 Metals were a key component = power
 Allowed them to conquer new lands as population
grew

18. EARLY STATES
 Culture was important to these states:
 Monumental architecture
 Urban planning
 Sculpture/painting (frescoes)
 Record keeping (cuneiform/hieroglyphics)
 Literature (Epic of Gilgamesh)
 Legal codes reflected existing hierarchies & the
rule over the masses
 Hammurabi’s Code

21. EARLY STATES
 Complex religious beliefs develop that influence
later periods:
 Polytheism, then….
 Early Hinduism (Vedic religion)
 Judaism (Hebrew monotheism)
 Zoroastrianism (monotheistic)
 Trade expands locally, regionally, and trans-
regionally (goods, technology, & CULTURE!)
 Egypt & Nubia, Mesopotamia & India