10. Al-Logha, 4, 2003
اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ
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ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ
This is an account of how, in the Abbasid period, due to the Arabs’ contacts with the
Greek, Persian and Indian civilization, a rich scientific tradition arose that was
essential for the development of the Arab-Islamic civilization. The author defines two
different fields in the Arab scientific tradition: the “sciences of law” (or “science of
the Arabs” – Hadith, philology, grammar and lexicology) and the “sciences of the
stranger” (or “sciences of truth” – medicine and astronomy). Translations from a
variety of languages such as Hebrew, Syriac, Persian and Greek involved the areas of
science, philosophy and literature. Some famous schools of translation are mentioned
whose efforts gave birth to a huge stock of terminology in various fields of sciences,
thus permitting Arabic to assume the new function of scientific expression. Parallel
with this, original research in Arabic took off in the beginning of the 3rd century A.H.
Some of the most famous scientists who participated in this movement and their
respective contributions in developing a language for science in Arabic are listed: Ibn
al-Moqaffa’ – the first translator of Aristotle, al-Kindi – the first to have written
philosophical science in Arabic, Hunayn ibn IsHaaq in medicine, Al-Raazi in science
and pharmacology and Al-BiTaar who produced a dictionary of medicine.
: اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ
اﻟﻠﻐ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺻ ﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﺔ ﻳﺠ ﺐ أن ﺗﻄ ﺎﺑﻖ روح اﻟﻌﻠ ﻢ اﻟ ﺬي
ﺗﺘﻨﺎوﻟ ﻪ ، وﻳﺠ ﺐ أن ﺗﻜ ﻮن ﻣﺤ ﺪودة اﻷﻟﻔ ﺎظ ، ﺑﺴ ﻴﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاآﻴ ﺐ ، واﺿ ﺤﺔ
اﻟﻤ ﺪﻟﻮﻻت ، وﻗﺎﺑﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤ ﻮ اﻟ ﺬي ﻻ ﺣ ﺪ ﻟ ﻪ ، وأن ﺗﺴ ﻤﺢ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬ ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼ ﻨﻴﻔﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴ ﺔ
، ، وﻳﺤﺴ ﻦ أن ﻳﺘﺠﻨ ﺐ اﻟﻌ ﺎﻟﻢ اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﺳ ﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻷدﺑﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘﺨﻴ ﻞ
واﻟﻤﺜﻴ ﺮة ﻟﻼﻧﻔﻌ ﺎﻻت ، وﻣ ﻦ ﺛ ﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐ ﻲ أن ﻳﻀ ﺤﻰ ﻓﻴﻬ ﺎ ﺑﺸ ﻲء ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺪﻗ ﺔ
* اﻟﺪآﺘﻮر ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ أﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ واﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﺎت ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ دار اﻟﻌﻠﻮم، ﻟﻪ
ﻣﺴﺎهﻤﺎت ﻋﺪﻳﺪة ﻋﻦ دور اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ، وﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ
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