4. What is Android?
„ Linux-based operating system targeted at
mobile devices
„ Owned by Google
„ Open Source, Apache License
„ Java-based applications (apps)
5. Android and Google
„ Android, Inc founded October 2003
„ Acquired by Google on August 17, 2005
„ Google wanted to offer an alternative to
Apple’s iOS
6. Android and Open Source
„ Google mostly publishes as Apache 2.0
„ Kernel changes and GNU utilities are GPL
„ Third parties cannot use Google’s Android
trademark unless Google certifies the device
„ Many of Google’s ecosystem apps are
proprietary
„ Gmail, Maps,Youtube, Play Store,
7. Android and OEMs
„ Hardware manufacturers may port Android to
their devices at no cost
„ Google works with a device partner on a
flagship device whose specifications are chosen
to push Android in the direction Google wants
„ OEMs and carriers have no incentive to offer
updates
11. Android Linux Kernel
„ Original fork based on 2.6 series, later rebased on
3.x series
„ Merged back into mainline in 2012 (3.3/3.5)
„ Android Kernel Unique Features:
„ YAFFS2 flash file system
„ Wakelocks/alarm timers (power management)
„ “Paranoid” networking security patches
„ Shared memory subsystem
„ Process memory allocator
12. Userland Libraries
„ Programs, libraries, and APIs implemented in
a low-level language
„ Usually written in C/C++
„ Many commonly used FOSS packages
„ Android Debugger
13. DalvikVirtual Machine
„ Java-compatible application framework
„ Designed with mobile devices in mind
„ Convert compiled class files into Dalvik
Executable format (.dex)
„ Register-based instead of typical stack-based
architecture
„ Just-in-time (JIT) compiler
14. Application Framework
„ Interface available for Android app
developers
„ Principle of least privilege
„ Each process has its own virtual machine
(VM), so an application’s code runs in
isolation from other applications.
15. Application Framework
„ Application Components
„ Activities – represent a single screen with a user
interface
„ Services – run in the background to perform long-
running operations or remote interaction
„ Content Providers – manage a shared set of
application data
„ Broadcast Receivers – respond to system-wide
broadcast announcements
18. Android 1.0 (Astro)
„ Pull down notifications
„ Home screen widgets
„ Android Market
„ First class Gmail support
„ Google Maps
„ Google Data Sync
21. Android 1.5 (Cupcake)
„ May 2009
„ First to use dessert naming convention
„ Extensive UI changes
„ Soft keyboard
„ Widget SDK
„ Clipboard Improvements
„ Video Capture and Playback
22. Android 1.6 (Donut)
„ October 2009
„ Minor visual refinements
„ CDMA support
„ Support for different screen resolutions
„ Universal search
„ Redesigned Android market
„ Improved camera interface
27. Android 2.1 (Eclair)
„ Not a major upgrade, hence no
codename change
„ Strategic shift for Google
„ Choose to work directly with HTC to make its own
flagship device
„ Showcase Android without any modifications – like
Google intended
„ Extension of work began with Motorola Droid
28. Android 2.1 and Nexus One
„ First Nexus device
„ “Stock” Android experience
„ One of the most well-regarded Android
phones ever produced
30. Android 2.2 (Froyo)
„ May 2010
„ Redesigned home screen
„ New Gallery apps showcased 3D capabilities
„ Better Copy / Paste support in Gmail
„ Mobile hotspot support
31. HTC Evo 4G
„ Beginning of the
mobile size wars
„ First popular
Android device on
Sprint
„ Very heavily
skinned
32. Android 2.3 (Gingerbread)
„ December 2010
„ Reskinning of platform
„ Improved on-screen keyboard
„ Front-facing camera support
„ NFC support
„ Improved gaming API support
37. Android 3.0 (Honeycomb)
„ Fundamental redesign of Android UX
„ New UI designed for tablets
„ Redesigned home screen and widget placement, resizing
„ Death of physical buttons – now all buttons are virtual
„ Quick access System and Action Bars
„ Redesigned keyboard
38. Android 3.0 (Honeycomb)
„ New application layout options
„ Fragments
„ Multi-column layouts
„ Better support for dealing with different screen
resolutions and aspect ratios
„ Improved Multitasking
41. Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich)
„ First release under Matias Duarte’s direction
„ Galaxy Nexus
„ First Nexus device with 4G wireless support
„ Brought Honeycomb UX to smartphones
„ Nearly universal critical acclaim
42. Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich)
„ New custom-designed typeface, Roboto
„ Refreshed notification dropdown
„ Soft keyboard improvements
„ Complete overhaul of correction intelligence
„ Inline spellcheck and replacement (much like iOS)
„ Text entry, clipboard support, and soft keyboard finally
feel as good as the best on the market
43. Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich)
„ Home screen folders and favorites
„ Android Beam (NFC data transfer)
„ Face unlock
„ Data usage analysis
„ New calendar and email apps
„ No more Adobe Flash support
44. Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean)
„ June 2012
„ Nexus 7
„ Project Butter
„ Google Now
„ Expandable, actionable notifications
„ Predictive text
45. Nexus 7
„ Reboot in Google’s
tablet strategy
„ Aimed at Kindle
Fire and Nook
„ A device for
consuming content
from Google’s store
46. Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean)
„ Project Butter
„ Significantly improves graphics and touch
performance
„ Locks all drawing at 16ms
„ Triple-buffering graphics
„ Closing the gap with lag against iOS
47. Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean)
„ Google Now
„ Entirely new platform
for Google
„ Provides context-aware
“cards” of information
„ Makes the information
that Google knows
about you available for
your own use
„ Weather
„ Sports scores
„ Traffic alerts
„ Public Transit
„ Flight updates
„ Shipping notifications
„ Calendar events
48. Android 4.2 (Jelly Bean)
„ November 2012
„ Nexus 4/Nexus 10
„ Gesture Typing (like Swype)
„ Multiple user support (tablets only)
„ Wireless video sharing
„ Lock screen widgets
69. Motorola
„ Bought by Google on August 15, 2011
„ Google warned things wouldn’t change
immediately due to “long pipeline”
„ Rumors
„ Stock Android
„ “Just right” size
„ X Phone