2. Resources for Optimal Care
of the Injured Patient 2014
Hospital organization
Medical staff support
The trauma medical director
(TMD)
The trauma resuscitation team
The trauma service
The trauma program manager
(TPM)
The trauma registrar
The performance improvement
support personnel
The multidisciplinary trauma
peer review committee of the
performance improvement and
patient safety (PIPS) program
“optimal care”
given available resources
wherever they are injured
and
wherever they receive care
krongdai@gmail.com
11. ตัวชี้วัด Service Plan:Trauma & Emergency
Abd.injury with shock Massive hemothorax
Cardiac injury Unstable UGI bleeding
PA- 1. ผู้ป่วยเสียชีวิตจากอุบัติเหตุทางถนน ไม่เกิน 16 ต่อแสน (ปี59: 30)
minData- 2. อัตราตาย ผป.บาดเจ็บทางสมองลดลง (ปี57,58,59: 8.5,6.8,6)
ตรช.- 3. อัตราการเสียชีวิต ผป.ใน ที่มีค่า Ps Score 0.75
(รพ.ระดับ A )(ปี59: <1%)
ตรช.- 4. อัตราส่วน ผป สีแดง และ Fast tract มาด้วยระบบ EMS
(ปี59: >80%)
ตรช.- 5. อัตราการเสียชีวิตของ ผป.ฉุกเฉินที่รับไว้ในรพ.ภายใน 24 ชม.
(ปี59: <5%)
ตรช.- 6. มีการประเมินความเสี่ยง & จัดทาแผนรองรับภัยพิบัติระดับหน่วยบริการ อาเภอ จังหวัด เขต
PA- 7.Trauma & Emergency Admin Unit
(T&E A unit ) Implementation
PA- 8. ER คุณภาพ (ปี59: จานวนรพ.>80%)
PA- 9. FAST TRACT (ER-to-OR)
1.
4.
Invalid PS TEA unit
Observation
CPG
Inhospital
process
Structural TEA unit
นพ.สมประสงค์ ทองมีสี
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12. จุดเน้นปี 59
Pre-crash
- community strengthening
1. Community
- RTI & Disaster preparedness
- International cooperation
2. National Teaching Center
3. Training short course; Trauma Nurse, Disaster
Preparedness
Post-crash
1. Pre-hospital
- Advanced EMS + Telemedicine + ThaiRefer
2. In-hopital
- TEA units network
นพ.สมประสงค์ ทองมีสี
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13. Trauma emergency service
Personnel
Data system
Technology
Finance
Administration
Participation of Stakeholder
WHO 6 Building Block
Plus framework
krongdai@gmail.com
17. การบาดเจ็บ ตัวชี้วัด
Abdominal injury
with shock
• ER to OR 60 นาที มากกว่า 80% ของจานวนผู้ป่วย
• อัตราตายภายใน 24 ชม.น้อยกว่า 10%
EDH / SDH / ICH
with anisocoria
• ER to OR 60 นาที มากกว่า 80% ของจานวนผู้ป่วย
• อัตราตายภายใน 24 ชม.น้อยกว่า 5%
Massive hemothorax • ER to OR 60 นาที มากกว่า 80% ของจานวนผู้ป่วย
• อัตราตายภายใน 24 ชม.น้อยกว่า 5%
Cardiac injury • ER to OR 60 นาที มากกว่า 80% ของจานวนผู้ป่วย
• อัตราตายภายใน 24 ชม.น้อยกว่า 5%
Traumatic
amputation
• ER to OR 60 นาที มากกว่า 80% ของจานวนผู้ป่วย
• อัตราตายภายใน 24 ชม.น้อยกว่า 5%
Trauma Emergency
krongdai@gmail.com
18. ฉุกเฉิน การจัดการ
• STEMI
• Stroke
• Fast tract Integration
• Onset to Door
• Door to Definitive care
Non-Trauma Emergency
krongdai@gmail.com
19. TPM: Responsibility 2014
Clinical activities
Education responsibilities
Performance improvement
Administration
Supervision of the trauma registry
Consultant and liaison
Research
Community trauma care systems
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• In level I & II, must be full time
• must show evidence of educational preparation, with a
maximum of 16 hrs/ year of trauma-related continuing
education and clinical experience in the care of injured
patients.
• should be a written job description that defines sufficient
authority to do.
20. Trauma care system
Resource for the optimum care of the
injured patients
Trauma statistics
Mechanism of injury
Injury prevention
Trauma scoring
Trauma registry and data collection
Trauma audit
TPM ต้องชัดเจน: 2014
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21. Quality and performance improvement
Quality trauma education and research
Principle of pre-hospital trauma life support
Principle of Advanced Trauma Care for Nurse
Roles of trauma nurse coordinator
Advanced in trauma care
Advanced trauma development
TPM ต้องชัดเจน : 2014
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22. หลักสูตร TPM
Essential components of a trauma system
Leadership roles critical to the success of a
Trauma Program
Key components of the Trauma Program
Manager role
Important elements of a successful
Performance Improvement Patient Safety
Program
Planning and preparation for trauma center
verification/designation
ผศ.ดร.กรองได อุณหสูต
23. หลักสูตร TPM
Best practice recommendations for trauma
outreach and education
Implementing a dynamic trauma registry
Important elements of the trauma budget
Design process, tools, and data that will influence
optimal reporting in accordance with accepted
standards within the industry
Key psychological and socio-economic
challenges common in trauma patients
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25. Prehospital patient care record
Type and mechanism of injury;
Anatomic and physiologic conditions
Relevant times of the incident
Extrication
On-scene care
Timing of, and response to interventions.
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26. The trauma patient transfer guidelines
Identification of patients/injuries that require
transfer
Methods for physician-to-physician
communication between facilities and
discussion of patient injuries, current
treatments, and agreement on transportation
mode
Documentation, including responsible parties
and contacts for each institution.
ผศ.ดร.กรองได อุณหสูต
27. Criteria for Consideration of Transfer
from Level III Centers to Level I or II Centers
Carotid or vertebral arterial injury
Torn thoracic aorta or great vessel
Cardiac rupture
Bilateral pulmonary contusion with PaO2:FlO2
ratio less than 200
Major abdominal vascular injury
Grade IV or V liver injuries requiring transfusion
of more than 6 U of red blood cells in 6 hours
Unstable pelvic fracture requiring transfusion of
more then 6 U of red blood cells in 6 hours
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28. Criteria for Consideration of Transfer
from Level III Centers to Level I or II Centers
Fracture or dislocation with loss of distal pulses
Penetrating injuries or open fracture of the skull
GCS score of less than 14 or lateralizing
Spinal fracture or spinal cord deficit
Complex pelvis/acetabulum fractures
More than two unilateral rib fractures or bilateral
rib fractures with pulmonary contusion
Significant torso injury with advanced comorbid
disease
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29. Guidelines for Transferring Patients
Transferring physician responsibilities
Receiving physician responsibilities
Management during transport
Trauma system responsibilities
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30. ICU Nursing Care and Equipment
At Level I, II, and III trauma centers, qualified
critical care nurses must be available 24 hrs/day
to provide care for patients during the ICU phase
The patient-to-nurse ratio in the ICU must not
exceed 2:1
Trauma-specific educational opportunities and
programs should be made available to the
critical care nursing staff
The ICU must have the necessary equipment to
monitor and resuscitate patients
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31. Rehabilitation
The rehabilitation of injured patients should
begin the first hospital day.
The ultimate goal of trauma care is to restore
the patient to pre-injury status.
Each patient should be assessed for
rehabilitation needs from the rehabilitation
team, an organized multidisciplinary team.
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32. Trauma Registry
Used for improving patient care, evaluating
the adequacy of the trauma system
Injury prevention, provider education,
effective communication, and smooth flow
of patient transfer from scene to receiving
hospital and ultimately to definitive care
Collective database to provide sufficient
numbers for performance improvement and
program analysis
ผศ.ดร.กรองได อุณหสูต
36. Inclusive trauma systems
Pre-hospital
care
Accurate triage
and protocols
Save life and
safe transport
Rapid transfer
to appropriate
facility
Trauma
centers
Protocols for
major trauma
patients
Rehabilitation
services and
facilities
Standard of care
and trauma
registries
Emergency
preparedness
Incident planning
Integrated
incident planning
Response
to MCS
ผศ.ดร.กรองได อุณหสูต
39. Trauma Nurse Coordinator
Works in close
collaboration with trauma
director
Providing care to injured
patient
Process educational,
clinical, research,
administrative, &
outreach activities
Supervised registrar,
secretary, trauma nurse
clinician
Trauma Case Manager
Daily ward round
Collaborating between
medical teams & multiple
care givers
Documentation
Building a rapport
Reassure patients
Feedback problems to
trauma coordinator &
director
Conduct patient education
Data collection
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46. Education and Experience
Baccalaureate degree in nursing and
relevant masters degree(nursing preferred)
Minimum of 5 years of trauma clinical
experience in either the ED/ER or Critical
Care
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47. TNCs / TPM
Clarification Document
Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient, 2016
krongdai@gmail.com
Performance Improvement and Patient Safety
(PIPS)
48. PIPS Program
Level Hospital organization: Criterion
I, II, III TPM must show evidence of
educational preparation and clinical
experience in the care of injured
patients
I, II TPM must be full‐time and dedicated
to the trauma program
krongdai@gmail.com
49. PIPS Program
Level Hospital organization: Criterion
I, II TPM must show evidence of educational
preparation, with a minimum of 16 hours
(internal or external) of trauma‐related
continuing education per year and clinical
experience in the care of injured patients
I, II, III The trauma center’s PIPS program must
have a multidisciplinary trauma peer
review committee chaired by the TMD
krongdai@gmail.com
50. Performance Improvement
and Patient Safety (PIPS): TNCs
1. The job description of the PI (Performance
Improvement) include;
responsibility, accountability and authority.
- educational preparation, certification and
clinical experience.
2. Registered Nurse (RN) licensure is required.
- Have evidence of continuing education
related to trauma care and the trauma
system.
krongdai@gmail.com
51. PIPS: TNCs
3. Including Eight (8) hours of trauma-related
continuing education per year.
4. Maintain 75% attendance at the Trauma PIPS
- Multidisciplinary Peer Review PI Meeting.
- Multidisciplinary Trauma Program
Operational Meeting.
krongdai@gmail.com
52. "Trauma Outcomes and
Performance Improvement Course"
TOPIC focuses on the ongoing assessment of
the continuum of trauma care with
a structured review of process and
discussions of strategies
to monitor trauma patient outcomes.
krongdai@gmail.com
53. Trauma PIPS
Improve patient outcomes
eliminate problems
reduce variation in patient care
krongdai@gmail.com
54. PIPS Program
1. Run the PIPS program
2. Integrated the PIPS program
3. comprehensive written PI Plan
4. The PIPS plan must be reviewed annually
5. Utilized POPIMS
6. Reviewed but are not limited
krongdai@gmail.com
55. PIPS Program
7. fully implement the PIPS plan
8. Full-Time Equivalent to the PIPS function.
9. Support FTEs upon trauma contact volume.
10. A multidisciplinary forum for PIPS
11. required trauma PIPS peer-review meeting
12.A multidisciplinary forum is required.
krongdai@gmail.com
56. PIPS Program
13. PIPS programs should provide education.
14. Outside agencies should be defined
15. Completed pre-hospital and inter-facility
patient care records
16. Complete anatomical diagnosis of injury
krongdai@gmail.com
57. PIPS Program
17. provide loop and track patient outcomes.
18. provide feedback to referring facilities
19. seek feedback from facilities where are
transferred
20. develop, utilize and evaluate evidence
based CPG
krongdai@gmail.com
58. T&E Nurse Coordinator
Scope and Practice
Clinical activities
Education responsibilities
Performance improvement
Administration
Supervision of the trauma registry
Consultant and liaison
Research
Community trauma care systems
ผศ.ดร.กรองได อุณหสูต
66. Clinical: ด้านคลินิก
Coordinate trauma & emergency care
management across the continuum of
care
Plan and implement clinical protocols
and practice management guidelines
Monitor care of patients in hospital
Serve as resource for clinical practice
ผศ.ดร.กรองได อุณหสูต
67.
68.
69.
70.
71. Provide staff development in facility as
well as in area or region
Participate in case review
Standardize practice guidelines
Direct community trauma and prevention
programs
Education: ความรู้
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72. Outcome management
Monitor clinical outcomes
Monitor systems issues related to quality
of care delivery
Develop quality filters, audits, and case
reviews
Identify trends and sentinel events
Help outline remedial actions
ผศ.ดร.กรองได อุณหสูต
73. Administration: การจัดการ
Maintain operational, personnel, and
financial aspects of the program as
appropriate
Serve as liaison between the staff and
administration
Represent the program on hospital
committees or community boards to
foster
ผศ.ดร.กรองได อุณหสูต
74. Supervision
of the Registry:
การดูแลระบบบันทึก
Collect, code, score, and develop
processes for validating data
Design registry to facilitate performance
improvement, trend reports, and research
while maintaining confidentiality
ผศ.ดร.กรองได อุณหสูต
75. Consultant/Liaison:
ให้คาปรึกษา ติดต่อประสานงาน
Stabilize the complex network to provide
quality care
Serve as internal resource for staff in all
departments
Act as extended liaison for Emergency
Medical Services, the community, and
nationally, if appropriate
ผศ.ดร.กรองได อุณหสูต
76. Research: การวิจัย
Be involved in research selection and
analysis
Facilitate
distribution of research findings
protocol design for accurate data
collection, feedback, and analysis
ผศ.ดร.กรองได อุณหสูต
96. Service delivery
1. บริการ Trauma Emergency Admin Unit
2. บริการห้องฉุกเฉินคุณภาพ
3. บริการช่องทางด่วน (Fast Tract) ผู้ป่วยอุบัติเหตุ
และฉุกเฉินจาก ER ไปยัง OR
4. ป้ องกันและควบคุมจุดเสี่ยงต่ออุบัติเหตุทางถนน
5. บริการผ่าตัดสมองในผู้ป่วยบาดเจ็บ
6. บริการดูแลรักษาผู้ป่วยบาดเจ็บหลายระบบ
7. บริการหน่วยไฟไหม้น้าร้อนลวก (Burn Unit)
krongdai@gmail.com
97. TRISS;
Trauma Score-Injury Severity Score
TRISS determines the probability of survival (Ps)
of trauma patient from the RTS and ISS using the
following formulae:
Ps = 1
(1+e-b)
krongdai@gmail.com
99. The Injury Severity Score (ISS)
summarize the severity of the condition
of multiply injured patients.
The ISS is the sum of squares of the highest
AIS grades in each of the 3 most severely
injured body regions.
ISS = sum of 3 highest2AIS
= a2 + b2 + c2
krongdai@gmail.com
100. Injury Severity Score; ISS
Region Injury Description AIS Square Top Three
Head & Neck No injury 0 0
Face No Injury 0 0
Chest Flail Chest 4 16
Abdomen No injury 0 0
Extremity Fractured femur 3 9
External Contusion 1 1
Injury Severity Score: 26
AIS Score Injury
1 Minor
2 Moderate
3 Serious
4 Severe
5 Critical
6 Survivable
ISS
1-8 Minor
9-15 Moderate
16-24 Serious
25-49 Severe
50-74 Critical
75 Maximum
thaitraumanurse@gmail.com
101. b = b0+b1(RTS)+b2(ISS)+b3(ageIndex)
AgeIndex = 0 if the patient is below 54 years
= 1 if 55 years and over
If the patient is less than 15, the blunt coefficients
are used regardless of mechanism.
Blunt Penetrating
b0 -0.4499 -2.5355
b1 0.8085 0.9934
b2 -0.0835 -0.0651
b3 -1.7430 -1.1360
krongdai@gmail.com
104. Trauma Emergency
Information IS เสียชีวิต 3 ฐาน 43 แฟ้ ม สอบสวนโรค
S.Delivery ECS คุณภาพ ER คุณภาพ
Fast tract Surgical Emergency
5 ส DHS injury prevention model
Law Enforcement
Leadership & Governance
นโยบาย และการขับเคลื่อน
T& E Admin Unit
Network
H.Workforce EP Neuro surgeon, CVT, Nurse
Prehosp/Co, Paramedic EMT-I
Essential D & Med Eq.
Financial Plan
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105. Non Trauma Emergency
• Fast tract Integration (All Tracts,
STEMI, Stroke)
• Onset to Door, Door to Definitive
care
• Public Awareness
• OHCA: Out of Hospital Cardiac
Arrest
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