1. Hospital and Its Organization
By
Krushna K. Zambare
HOD, Pharmacology
SBSPM B. Pharmacy College,
Ambajogai
2. Definition
Institution providing medical and
surgical treatment and nursing care for
sick or injured people. Or
an institution that is built, staffed, and
equipped for the diagnosis of disease,
for the treatment sick or injured and
for their housing during this process.
3. Classification of hospital
1) According to purpose
a) General
b) Special
c) Teaching or research
2) According to administration/finance
a) Government or Semi gov.
b) Private
3) Depending on capacity
a) Small : 100 beded
b) Medium : Upto 300 beded
c) Large : More than 300 bed
4) Depending on type of care
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Tertiary
5) Depending on system of medicine
a) Allopathic
b) Ayurvedic
c) Unani
d) Homeopathic
5. Primary hospitals
Day-to-day healthcare given by a health care
provider.
first level of contact between individuals and
families with the health system
Primary Health care serve the community
it included care for mother and child like
◦ family planning
◦ Immunization
◦ prevention of locally endemic diseases
◦ treatment of common diseases or injuries
◦ provision of essential facilities
◦ health education,
Eg. Primary Health center (PHC)
6. Secondary hospitals
second rank of health system
patients from primary health care are
referred to specialists in higher
hospitals for treatment
Eg. District hospitals/Pediatric/Surgery
hospitals
7. Tertiary hospitals
refers to a third rank of health system
specialized consultative care is
provided usually on referral from
primary and secondary
Features of tertiary hospital are
Intensive Care Units, advanced
diagnostic support services and
specialized medical personnel
Eg. Research centers/ Medical
colleges/Cancer hospital
8. Classification based on clinical
and non- clinical basis
whether or not you treat patients or
provide direct patient care of any type
9. Organization Structure of a
Hospital
Large hospitals have complex
organization structure
Small hospitals have simple
organization structure
Organisation structure includes
various staff, services provided,
departments and committees
10. Organization Structure of a
Hospital
Board
Administration
Primary services
Emergency care
Inpatient
Outpatient (OPD)
Operation Theatre
Intensive care Unit
(ICU)
Secondary services
Central sterile supply
department
Dietary
Pharmacy
Therapy
Diagnostic
Radiology
Nursing
Social
Supportive services
Laundry
Transport
Maintenance
Record
Education
Accounting
Mortuary
11. Primary services
1) Emergency services
Quick treatment
Serious cases or accidental cases treated
Sometimes transferred to special departments like
Orthopedic, Neurology
2) Outpatient service
Examination and counseling in Out Patient Dept. (OPD)
3) Inpatient service
Has special rooms or general wards
Patient may get admitted in case of emergency from
OPD
12. Primary services
4) Intensive care Units
Serious or critical patients admitted here
Special equipments and trained staff are
available round the clock
5) Operation theatre
Surgical procedures undertaken
Specialized air filters present
Centralized sterilized area
Cross-contamination is prevented
13. Secondary services
1) Central sterile supply department (CSSD)
Engaged in supply of sterile materials and instruments
Sterile air supplied here
Connected with all departments
Proper record keep of all sterilized materials
Usually Connected directly to OT
2) Therapy
Treatment of injury or disease
Specialized departments for different diseases
Specialized doctors, trained nurses
Proper record kept of all patients treated
14. Secondary services
3) Diagnostic department (Radiology dept)
Includes Laboratory
Special equipments like X-ray, CT, MRI,
Ultrasonograpy, Bioanalyser
Most important department
Open and staff available round the clock
Generally present in close proximity to OT, ICU,
Wards
4) Nursing
Has qualified Nursing staff
Duties are governed by Metron or Assistant Metron
Has service in shifts
Takes care of Patient and Maintains the Inpatient
record
15. Secondary services
5) Diet Department
Has Kitchen and Dinning hall
In charge is usually Dietician
Store for storing food
Connected with supplier service to supply food to all
hospital
Outside food not allowed And Complete Hygiene is
maintained
6) Pharmacy
Most important department
Distribution and dispensing of medicines
Also distributes surgical material, Sterile solutions etc.
16. Supportive services
1) Laundry
Supply clean and disinfected linen and cloths
Usually washed by large washing machine or manually
Sometimes it is outsourced
2) Record keeping department
Registration of outpatient and inpatient (Admissions)
Keeping record of patients
3) Transport
Transport of patient inside or outside the hospital
Has ambulances equipped with life saving instruments
Also has wheelchairs, trollys, stretchers and other
vehicles
17. Supportive services
4) Maintenance
Safe and economic operation of hospital facility and
equipments.
Routinely and regularly maintenance is done
Includes maintenance of machines, instruments,
infrastructure, electrical, sewage system
5) Education
Hospital is linked with education of various stream of
students like medical, paramedical
Training of students and research
6) Social service
Creating awareness in the public about epidemic,
endemic or pandemic diseases
Vaccination, health check up camps, free medicines
dispensing etc.
18. Supportive services
7) Mortuary
Department where dead bodies are kept.
Reportable deaths are investigated, autopsy or
respectful burial, cremation
8) Accounting
Keeps record of income and expenditure.
20. Functions of Medical Staff
1) Doctors
Diagnosis and therapy of Patients
2) Nurses
Provides care to the patient
3) Paramedical staff
Help in diagnosis and therapy of patient
4) Pharmacist
Provides counseling and dispense the medicine
5) Support staff
Supports the smoothly running of hospital day to
day