Dr. Kim Solez presents "Technology, the Future of Medicine, and the Bridge between Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine" at the Alberta Interprofessional Conference 2015 on Sunday March 22nd, 2015 at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada. Copyright (c) 2015, JustMachines, Inc.

1. Kim Solez, MD

4. http://www.youtube.com/user/kimsolez

6. The technological singularity occurs as artificial
intelligences surpass human beings as the smartest
and most capable life forms on the Earth.
Technological development is taken over by the
machines, who can think, act and communicate so
quickly that normal humans cannot even comprehend
what is going on. The machines enter into a "runaway
reaction" of self-improvement cycles, with each new
generation of A.I.s appearing faster and faster. From
this point onwards, technological advancement is
explosive, under the control of the machines, and
thus cannot be accurately predicted (hence the term
"Singularity"). – Ray Kurzweil

11.  All natural disease may be eliminated, leaving
only man-made diseases. But that may leave
as much for physicians to do as there is today!
 Challenging responses to bioterrorism and
stem cell technologies.
 Focus of medicine no longer disease but
enhancement, elevating the human condition,
which will extend beyond the physical to the
moral and spiritual.
 Social responsibility an important aspect of
medicine and one of the focuses of the course.

12.  “It is the curse of humanity that it learns to tolerate even
the most horrible situations by habituation. Physicians
are the natural attorneys of the poor, and the social
problems should largely be solved by them.”
-Rudolf Virchow

13. “Medicine is a social science, and politics is nothing else
than medicine writ large. Medicine as a social science, as
the science of human beings, has the obligations to
point out problems and to attempt their theoretical
solution: the politician, the practical anthropologist,
must find the means for their practical solution.”
– Rudolf Virchow
Assume the primacy of global health!
Telemedicine and “doctor in your cell phone”
main uses of technology!

14. http://www.youtube.com/user/kimsolez

15.  We shoot broadcast quality video of each lecture
& discussion. http://www.singularitycourse.com
 Previous lectures at
http://www.youtube.com/user/KimSolez .
Students critique one past lecture, and suggest
improvements in presentation and hot-linked
table of contents (20% of grade).
 Students write one 3,000 word paper (40%) and
give 20 min. presentation on same subject
(30%). Also graded on class participation (10%).
 No required reading. Suggested reading list in
course outline, readings suggested by Email.

16.  Ten minute introduction
 Fifty minute lecture
 Twenty minute discussion
 In the course we talk about
machines replacing many of the
functions of human beings. This
picture was taken by a machine
without human intervention, as
were many of the best still
images from the course. The
video camera is constantly
comparing the scene to
algorithms and takes still
pictures when the requirements
of the interesting picture
algorithm are satisfied.

17. First teaching session 2011 Recent teaching session 2014
Hot-linked tables of contents in YouTube video descriptions at
http://www.youtube.com/user/kimsolez allow one
to jump right to content of interest.

18.  Director of Social Media at Kandu Inc.

19.  The technological Singularity. Existential
risks, AI, genomics, and nanotech.
 Ways to optimize a positive outcome for
humanity in the co-evolution of humans
and machines . The influence of these
considerations on medicine of the future.
 Dean of Science speaking, prominent
people internationally. Most lectures not
very “medical”. Easily understood.
 Balanced view provided by incorporating
both tech skeptics and tech advocates.

20.  Medical student elective participation in course.
 International peer review of YouTube videos, modifications made.
Two Quantum Biology lectures.
 Young person old person point counterpoint lecture January 30th,
Abdullah Saleh/Earle Waugh Medical Ethics in a World of
Robots(What will we allow when everything is possible).
 Collaboration with Disruptive Technologies in Medicine course in
Budapest, Hungary, the only other course somewhat like this one.
 Student feedback extremely positive in Fall 2014, all 5’s!
 Flipped classroom sessions with well know people by Skype.

25. Melbourne, Sydney, Hong Kong, Berkeley, Edmonton,
Houston, Hawaii, Sao Paulo, Thanksgiving Point, Utah,
Brussels, Paris, LA, Palo Alto, Washington, Carlton,
Australia, Wroclaw, Poland

34. Histologic criteria for the diagnosis of rejection and other
conditions in the transplanted kidney, began 1991, updated
and expanded every two years in consensus meeting.

35. Banff Transplant
Pathology Meetings
Began in the
Transcanada Pipelines
Pavilion at the Banff
Centre in 1991, Future
Meetings Are Planned
through 2021.

36.  To introduce you to the basic elements of
artificial intelligence, machine learning, and
data mining.
 To introduce you to basic concepts of the
influence of artificial intelligence on the
exponential future, including the concept of
unfriendly AI, and the technological Singularity.
 To provide you with concrete examples of AI in
everyday life and in medicine.

37. The Technological
Singularity

38.  There were YouTube videos (now removed) suggesting
that stem cell generation of complex organs in humans
would be routine by 2020. Problems of clotting, endothelial
loss, and cell type selection errors not mentioned.
 The dramatic slowdown of new drug approvals (Eroom’s
Law) by the FDA suggests that the FDA is ripe for
disruptive innovation. Has happened.
 However stem cell therapies may be the last area the FDA
will relax regulation in, as unproven bogus stem cell
therapies are causing widespread suffering and protection
of the general public is needed.

40.  The recellularized organ clots like crazy, impossible to
regenerate more than 80% of endothelial surface. Artificial
heparized surface not fenestrated. Cell traffic abnormal.
 Hard to get right types of cells to right places.
 Podocytes seems to be terminally differentiated cells,
when attempt to culture they turn into different type of cell.
 Kidney progenitor stem cell difficult to identify, kidney work
has lagged behind.
 Easy to make stem cell generated kidneys that lack loop of
Henle. Could produce lethal polyuria. What is “function”?
 Many old fashioned questions of physiology about how the
stem cell generated organ works, not just true for kidney,
true for every organ.
 Stem cell generated organs, xenografts, and bioartificial
organs can be combined.

41.  Transplant
pathologists will also
become tissue
engineering
pathologists,
pathologists who
analyse organs grown
from stem cells. This is
not something beyond
us, we can adapt to a
work life that includes
stem cells. Someone
needs to cross the
disciplines.

42.  Many of the questions
that need to be posed
about stem cell
generated organs are old
fashioned questions,
intact nephron
hypothesis, cell
regeneration, stunned
myocardium, contraction
band necrosis etc. Use
your nostalgia! Stimulate
conversations between
stem cell researchers and
transplant physicians.

43.  At least one will reach the
clinic soon. Pathologists
will be examining stem
cell generated organs,
xenografts, and
bioreactor cells of
bioartificial organs.
Transplant pathology will
transition to tissue
engineering pathology.
The field will be richer
than transplant pathology
is today!

44.  We examine the portrayal of translational stem cell research in
major daily newspapers in Canada, the United States, and the
United Kingdom between 2010 and 2013, focusing on how
timelines for stem cell therapies were represented before and
after Geron terminated its pioneering stem cell program. The
findings raise questions about the degree to which the media’s
overly optimistic slant fosters unrealistic expectations regarding
the speed of clinical translation and highlight the ethical
responsibility of stem cell researchers as public communicators.

45. Fig. 1. Forecasting the future.
Kalina Kamenova and Timothy Caulfield Sci Transl Med
2015;7:278ps4
Published by AAAS

46.  Asserts a fundamental limit to the precision with
which certain pairs of physical properties of a
particle known as complementary variables,
such as position x and momentum p, can be
known simultaneously. Introduced first in 1927 it
states that the more precisely the position of
some particle is determined, the less precisely
its momentum can be known, and vice versa.

47.  Most presentations that purport to be about the
future are really about the present, provide
experiences, not data. Lack rigor.
 Once you have determined that an event
described in detail is going to happen in the
future it becomes possible to predict when it will
happen.
 Can run simulations of various future scenarios
given various assumptions.
 Makes future prediction more tangible and
meaningful, provides rigor.

48.  Nova program on PBS Television (7 million viewers)
 Big Bang Theory (the TV show; 20 million viewers)
 Singularity Summit/Singularity 1on1 (9,000 views per
video)
 Kim Solez – Technology and Future of Medicine Course
LABMP 590 (3,100 views per video)

51.  We need the mainstream public to regard the
Singularity as fact, not fiction.
 We need to promote organized thinking about the
future in Universities and beyond.
 We need to make efforts to make Singularitianism
accessible and inclusive, with low barrier to entry,
incorporating young people, and balanced
views/diversity. “The Singularity for Dummies!”
Assume global health is primary link with the
Singularity.

53.  UP UNTIL SHORTLY BEFORE HIS DEATH AT 72,
ISAAC ASIMOV REFERRED TO HIMSELF AS
BEING “IN MY LATE YOUTH”.
 A SIMILAR SITUATION FACES ALL OF US BUT
THE “YOUTH” WILL CONTINUE WELL BEYOND
AGE 72 AND ENHANCED COMMUNICATIONS
BROUGHT ABOUT BY TECHNOLOGY WILL BE
AN IMPORTANT PART OF WHAT SUSTAINS IT!

54. In many areas of importance in the future, the
boundaries, the limits you may be thinking of may
not exist.