Brazil and the United States are compared in terms of size, population, colonial influence, capital cities, ethnic groups, exports, and recent presidents. Brazil was colonized by Portugal beginning in 1500 and gained independence in 1822 becoming a constitutional monarchy. It transitioned to a republic in 1889 and experienced periods of dictatorship between 1930-1985. Key figures that shaped Brazil include Vargas who instituted reforms in the 1930s-40s and Lula da Silva who was elected in 2002. Brazilian culture is characterized by soccer, Carnival, samba music, capoeira, architecture, favelas, and the Afro-Brazilian religion of Candomblé.

18. 비교
브라질
• 8,547,956 km²
• 1 억 9200 만
• 포르투갈
• 상파울로
• 브라질레이로 (Brasilero)
• 커피
• 오바마
미국
• 9,629,091 km²
• 3 억 800 만 .
• 영국
• 뉴욕
• 백인 (white)
• 면화
• 지우마 호세프

20. 1500, Pedro Cabral 바히아에 상륙

22. • 자연상태에서 조화와 균형
• 남 - 초자연적 신비 vs 여 -
일상적 생활
• 문자의 원초적 기능은 다른
인간을 예속화시키는 것
• 서구문명은 순수한 원주민에게
재앙

28. 1544, Capital is established at Salvador

29. Salvador, city of churches

36. Path to Independence
1750, Treaty of
Madrid recognized
Portuguese claims
to land west of the
Tordesillas line.
Immigrants to the
interior discovered
land suitable for
cattle ranching.

37. 1690s, Gold Rush Minas Gerais
Discovery of gold in the interior triggered a mass migration from the coasts. Gold rush
dwarfed that of the US in the 1840s. 500,000 Portuguese moved to Brazil.

38. Churches, such as this one, St. Francis in Salvador, were lavishly decorated in gold.

41. 1763, Capital was moved to Rio to better
protect gold mines

43. The Empire (1822–1889)
Pedro I, 1822–1831—took over Portugal
after the death of his father. Left his son…
Pedro II (1840–1889) in charge . Rule
was autocratic. Senators appointed for life.

45. • As Napoleon invaded Iberia to isolate the British
through blockade (Portugal was allied with
Britain), Portuguese King João VI moved the
empire from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro.
• With the French threat removed, João went back
to Lisbon and left his son, Pedro I, in charge.
• Under pressure from merchants, wealthy farmers
and the Church, independence was declared in
September 1822. No revolution required!
• Brazil became a constitutional monarchy.

47. The Old Republic (1889–
1930)
•Seeking a more
enlightened, European
model of government, the
King was driven to France.
• Freedom of religion was
established
•All literate males gained
suffrage.
•European, Arab and
Japanese immigration
continued. Attempt was
made to ‘whiten’
population.
•Gap between north and
south widened.

53. Vargas (1930–45 & 1951–54)

54. “Father of the poor: “
President or Dictator?
* Came to power in a bloodless
coup supported by the Liberal
Alliance.
* Light industrial sector surpassed
coffee as the key industry
* “Brazilianization”—culture
unified around common themes,
…Blacks allowed on the soccer
team, samba became the official
music.
* Brazil became the only Latin
American country to fight in WWII
(allies).
•Raised minimum wage,
suspended democracy and
created an oil and electric
monopoly before committing
suicide in 1954.
*Most important Brazilian ever?
A citizens’ poll in 2010 said so.

55. Kubitschek (1956–61) to
Military Rule (1964–1985)
Kubitschek moved the capital to
the interior, Brasília, as
developing the interior become a
national priority.
Fearing the politics of Brazil had
gone too far left, conservatives
mobilized and seized control in
‘64.
Suppressed dissent (tortured
20,000) and free press, abolished
political parties, blocked agrarian
reforms.
This period of repression is also
associated with an economic
boom.

59. • Journalist Vladimir Herzog was killed in
1975 after a torture session promoted
in the midst of political repression.
According to official sources, he
committed suicide in jail.

60. 정보의 전달과 축적의 과정인 ' 은행예금식 교육 (banking
education)' 을 극복하는 ' 문제제기식 교육 (problem-posing
education)' 은 하나의 참된 인식행위로 이루어진다

61. “ 내가 가난한 이들에게 먹
을 것을 나눠 주게 하자
사람들은 나를 성인이라
불렀다 .
그런데 내가 가난한 이들
에게 왜 먹을 것이 없는지
따져 물으니 사람들은 나
를 사회주의자라고 부른다
.”

63. Lula da Silva
Born poor, had little formal education.
Jailed during military rule, Lula became
a union organizer and founding
member of the Workers’ Party (1980).
Elected President in 2002 after several
failed campaigns.
"Under Lula, Brazil became the world's
eighth-largest economy, more than 20
million people rose out of acute
poverty and Rio de Janeiro was
awarded the 2016 Summer Olympics,
the first time the Games will be held in
South America."
— The Washington Post, October
2010[12]

68. More Japanese live in São Paulo than there are Japanese in any other country!

69. Soccer and Its King

71. Carnival
Beginning 40 days prior to Easter and
lasting a week, Carnival is Brazil’s most
recognizable holiday.
Nominally Catholic (coinciding with the
beginning of Lent), the festival
combines circus, dance, music ,
costumes and parades.
Typically one had to join a samba
school to participate. Groups like Didá
in Salvador have organized female
drum lines and seek to involve those
of lower socio-economic status.

72. Samba

73. Bossa Nova

74. Capoiera

75. Capoeira
Capoeira is a Brazilian martial
art combing dance, music and
the blending of acrobatic and
fluid fighting moves. While
debates exist as to certain
aspects of its origin, we do
know that it came to and
evolved in Brazil with
enslaved Africans.

76. Niemeyer architecture in São Paulo, Edifício Copan.
The world’s single largest apartment complex?

78. Rocinha-Rio
Favelas, urban shantytowns

81. Candomblé

82. Candomblé
• An Afro-Brazilian religion blending tribal
African spirituality, beliefs and gods (Yoruba
orixás) with the practices of Catholicism and
the veneration of saints.