2. A report by Group V
Ratnam Swamy
Barkha Choudhary
Saurabh Shiwankar
Sai Prasad
Lahari Yaddanapudi
Kalyan Nath
Aasmita Das
Sambhavi Joshi
3. Contents
At a glance (Base map)
Physical map, Elevation map
Physiographic map
Land use map
Administrative divisions
Environmental maps: Forest, Drainage, Rivers
and wetlands, Depth to water table map
Transport: Rail, Road, Air
Tourism & Industries
Minerals
Population, Geographical distribution pattern of
urban population
Floods and Earthquakes
STATE LEVEL (Punjab) DISTRICT LEVEL (Amritsar)
At a glance (Base map)
Administrative divisions
Tourism
Transport: Road
Transport: Rail
CITY LEVEL (Amritsar)
At a glance (Base map)
Land use map
Wards
Tourism
Population density
5. Punjab - At a glance
Location: North-west of
India
Bordered by the Indian
states of Himachal
Pradesh to the east,
Haryana to the south
and southeast,
Rajasthan to the
southwest, and the
Pakistani province of
Punjab to the west; to
the north; Jammu and
Kashmir
Capital: Chandigarh, a
union territory
6. Area: 50,362 square kilometres
No. of districts: 22
Largest city: Ludhiana
Major cities: Amritsar, Patiala, Ludhiana, Jalandhar,
Kapurthala, etc.
7. Punjab- Physical map
The eastern mountainous region
The central plain with its five
rivers
The north-western region,
separated from the central plain
by the Salt Range between the
Jhelum and the Indus rivers
The semi-desert to the south of
the Sutlej river
8. Formation of the Himalayan range of mountains to the east
and north-east of the Punjab: result of a collision between
the north-moving Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian
plate
Upper regions are snow covered the whole year
The Indus and the five rivers of the Punjab have their
sources in the mountain range and carry loam, minerals
and silt down to the rich alluvial plains, which consequently
are very fertile
9. Punjab- Elevation map
Elevation of Punjab State
decreases from North-
East to South-West due
to of Shiwalikh hills and
Himalayas.
10. Punjab- Land cover map
Multidate remotely
sensed data can be
used for monitoring land
use/land cover changes
Rapid change in land
cover/land use due to
increase in population
Phenomenal change in
the built-up area in
watersheds, loss of
forest cover and change
in agriculture land
11. Punjab- Physiographic
map
Forms a part of Indo-
Gangetic alluvial plain
and is composed of
sediments of Shiwalik
hills and Himalayas
The state can be
divided into the
following major
physiographic units:
a. Siwalik hills
b. Piedmont plain
c. Alluvial plain
d. Sand dunes
e. Flood plain
f. Palaeochannels
12. A. SHIWALIK HILLS:
-Occupy nearly 2.6 per cent area of the state and cover sizeable area of Gurdaspur,
Hoshiarpur, S.B.S. Nagar, Rupnagar and S.A.S Nagar districts of the state
-Have dense to open scrub forest
B. PIEDMONT PLAIN:
-Forms a transitional zone between the Shiwalik hills and alluvial terraces
-About 10 to 15 km wide and comprises of Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, S.B.S. Nagar, Rupnagar
and S.A.S Nagar districts
-Gently sloping to undulating and dissected by number of seasonal rivulets (choes) which
transport storm water with sediments from their catchment
C. ALLUVIAL PLAIN:
-Are the old flood plains of the rivers, the remnants of which lie above the level of the
present river beds
-Occupies nearly 76.9 percent of the total geographical area of the state
-Covering an area between Beas and Satluj rivers and Malwa plain area south of river Satluj
13. D. SAND DUNES:
-The sand dunes are low ridges along the present and old courses of rivers
-At present only 0.56% area of the state under sand dunes
E. FLOOD PLAIN:
-Of Ravi, Beas, Satluj and Ghaggar rivers and many seasonal rivulets cover nearly
10.0 per cent area of the state
F. PALEOCHANNELS:
-Believed to be the remanants of the old active channels
-Occupy a low-lying topographic position on the landscape
14. Administrative divisions
Total no. of assembly
constituencies: 117
No. of Parliamentary
constituencies: 13
Each Parliamentary
constituency has about
9 Assembly
constituencies
Elections take place in
Phase III and Phase IV
15. Punjab- Forests
Recorded forest area: 3084
sq.km
Major forest types: tropical
dry deciduous, sub-tropical
dry evergreen, tropical thorn
forests
10 wildlife sanctuaries
An increase of 13 sq.km of
forest cover has been
assessed in the latest
assessment as compared to
the previous assessment
16. Punjab- Drainage
Drainage system plays an
important role in shaping the
landscape of an area due to its
erosional and depositional nature
The Satluj, Beas and Ravi rivers-
main drainage system in the state
of Punjab
Other main drainage channels in
Punjab- Ghahhar river, White Bein,
Black Bein, Kiran nala, Chakki
River and Sakki Nalathese are
numerous choes (seasonal
rivulets), originating in the Siwalik
hills and drain the Kandi area
17. Punjab- Rivers and
wetlands
The word Punjab is a
xenonym/exonym from the
Persian words panj and Āb,
thus PanjĀb means "Five
Rivers", which roughly
means "Land of Five Rivers”
About 30 wetlands
Harike, Kanji, Ropar,
Nangal, Ranjit sagar
The five rivers are the Sutlej,
Beas, Ravi, Chenab and
Jehlum
18. Punjab- Depth to water
table
Severe problem of
declining water tables by
as much as 10 – 15m in
most parts
Water table in the central
regions of Majha, Doaba
and Malwa- declined
alarmingly since 1980
As the area under rice
cultivation increased-
decline in ground water
recharge
19. Transport- Rail
Almost all major and
smaller cities are linked
by railways
Amritsar - largest railway
station
Shatabdi express
connects Amritsar to
Delhi
Bhatinda railway junction
- largest in Asia
Samjhauta express -
Joint venture between
India and Pakistan :
Runs from Amritsar in
India to Lahore in
Pakistan
20. Transport- RoadAll cities and towns of
Punjab connected by
four-lane national
highways
Grand Trunk road (NH-I)
connects Calcutta to
Peshawar passing
through Jalandhar and
Amritsar
Another major national
highway connects
Punjab to Jammu
passing through
Hoashiarpur and
Pathankot
Amritsar BRTS: A bus
rapid transit system in
Amritsar city
21. Transport- Air
Punjab has 5 civil airports
Largest airport: Amritsar
Other airports: Bhatinda airport, Pathankot airport, Patiala airport,
Sahnewal airport
23. Punjab- Agriculture
Food bowl of the country
Among India’s most widely irrigated
states
Crops: wheat, sugarcane, maize,
rice, chilli, cotton, potato, groundnut,
oil seeds, tobacco
Two-fifths of Punjab’s population is
engaged in the agricultural sector
Rapid increase in the commercial
production of fruit, especially citrus,
mangoes, and guavas
24. Industries
Punjab- key hub for textile-
based industries including yarn,
readymade garments and
hosiery
Well-developed social and
industrial infrastructure
Resources, policy incentives,
infrastructure and climate in the
state support investments in
sectors such as auto-motives,
chemicals, afro-based
industries, food products, light
engineering goods, metal and
alloy products, sports goods,
textiles, pharmaceuticals, paper
and paper products
25.
26. Punjab State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd
(PSIDC) and Punjab Small Industry and Export Corporation
(PSIEC)- Development of industrial infrastructure
Punjab Agro Industries Corporation (PAIC) - development
of afro-based units
“Udyog Sahayak” : state level nodal agency and District
Industry Centres (DIC): district level committee for single
window clearance of industrial projects
Govt. of Punjab- development of Special Economic zones
(SEZs) across Punjab for pharmaceuticals, textiles,
electronic hardware and IT/ITeS
28. Punjab- Population
Total population: 27,704,236
Males: 14,634,819 & Females:
13,069,417
Population density: 550/sq.km.
Literacy rate: 75% (male
literacy: 80.23%, female
literacy: 68.36%)
Sex ratio: 895 females per 1000
males (2011 census),second
lowest sex ratio
66% of the people live in rural
areas while the rest of the 34%
are urban residents
Highest dalit population in India
29. Geographical distribution
pattern of urban
population
Some districts with
low level of
urbanisation-
higher growth rate
than that of more
urbanised districts
Top 4 urbanised
districts continue to
keep up with higher
urbanisation pace
and base
30. Punjab- Floods
Floods are the most
frequent and devastating
Caused mainly by the
river Ravi, Satluj and
Ghaggar, which have a
common delta where
floodwaters intermingle
Silt deposited constantly
by these rivers in the
delta area raises the bed
levels and the rivers often
overflow their banks or
break through new
channels causing heavy
damages
31. Punjab- Earthquakes
In the seismic zoning map,
most of the area of Punjab
State lies in Zone III and IV
Northern boundary of Punjab
State with Himachal Pradesh
is in close proximity to Zone V
About 50 percent of the area
of the state in the north,
consisting of Amritsar,
Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur,
Jalandhar, Kapurthala,
Ludhiana, Patiala and Rup
Nagar districts is liable to
MSK Intensity VIII and about
45 percent could have
Intensity VII
33. Amritsar district- Base
mapAmritsar district has
guradaspur,taran and
kapurtala as neighbour
districts in north-east,south
and south-east directions
respectively
It shares boundary with
pakistan
Pakistan is in west
direction
Headquarters: Amritsar city
Area: 2,683 sq.km
Location: 31.63°N 74.87°E
with an average elevation
of 234 metres (768 ft)
34. Administrative map
4 administrative divisions
Elections are held under phase IV
Main administrative towns are
Attari, Ajnala, Beas, Budha Theh,
Majitha, Rajasansi, Jandiala Guru,
Ramdas, Rayya, etc.
The total no of counsellors in the
administration are 74 members
including municipal corporation
The main administrative
headquarters of the district is
Amritsar city
35. Transport- Rail
Amritsar railway station is at an
elevation of 233 metres (764 ft)
78 km (48 mi) long Amritsar–
Khem Karan railway line runs
through Tarn Taran and Patti
54 km (34 mi) long line links
Amritsar to Dera Baba Nanak on
the bank of the Ravi
107 km (66 mi) Amritsar–
Pathankot route: through Batala
and Gurdaspur
1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) wide broad
gauge Amritsar-Pathankot line,
opened in 1884
36. Transport- Road
Road network of LPA,
Amritsar & MC is primarily
“Ring Radial”- an intense
network of eleven radial
roads leading to core city
2 National Highways, 3
State Highways, 6 M.D.R’s
and 24 ODR’s
14 entry points/ gates of the
walled city leading to the
various residential areas
Outside the walled city i.e.
north side of the Amritsar –
Jalandhar rail line-divides
the city into two halves.-
characterized by wide
roads
37. Amritsar district- Tourism
Bustling, busy city
with a distinct ‘frontier'
atmosphere
One of the most
important pilgrimage
centers especially for
the Sikhs in the
country
Characterized by
some of the must visit
religious, historical as
well as contemporary
sites of importance
39. Amritsar city- Base map
Administrative
headquarters of
Amritsar district
Area: 114 sq.km
Prime attractions of
the city are Golden
temple, Jallianwala
bagh, Mata mandir
temple, Ram tirath
temple, Tarn taran
and Wagah border
40. Amritsar city- Land use
map
Since 1971, the area of the city
has increased almost 3 times
now.
The north part of walled city is
commercial in nature and the
south is generally residential.
The central core around the
Golden Temple is mixed with
both commercial and residential.
41. Residential: 11333.45 ha
Commercial: 658.58 ha
Industrial: 949.65 ha
Public, semi-public: 1090 ha
Government land: 2965.95 ha
Utilities: 98.27 ha
Traffic and transportation: 4570.55 ha
Recreational: 186.8 ha
Special areas: 22.67 ha
Agricultural: 117476.62 ha
Water bodies: 2098.6 ha
Vacant land: 714.16 ha
43. Wards on the outskirts have much lower densities
compared to wards in the intermediate or the walled
area
Pattern of density- reduces from centre to periphery in
all directions of the city
Population of Amritsar city is accommodated in 65
wards
Sizes of wards- 22.26 hectares to 1201.13 hectares
Density of population in a ward- high variation- as low
as 14 and as high as 721 persons per hectare
44. Amritsar city- Tourism
Mainly includes visits to
temples and gurudwaras
Most important site of
this district is Golden
Temple- attracts people
from all parts of the
country and abroad
Pilgrimage tourism
includes Golden Temple,
Durgiana Temple, Jama
Masjid Khairuddin,
Gurudwaras etc.
Historical Tourism
includes Jalianwala
Bagh, Samadhi of Guru
Angad Dev Ji, Maharaja
Ranjit Singh Museum
etc.
45. Amritsar city- Population
density
Population density: 932
inhabitants per square
kilometer
The city has a high
concentrated central core
with sparsely populated
peripheral areas
Population growth rate over
the decade 2001-2011 :
15.48%
46. Sex ratio : 884
females for every
1000 males
literacy rate:
85.25%
0.
2.5
5.
7.5
10.
12.5
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
population (in lakhs)
Total population
