1. Name:Puteri Nurliyana
Class: 3 Diamond
Subject: Science
Air Pollution
Humans have a pair of lungs. The air that we breathe in may contain substances which
are harmful to our respiratory system such as cigarette smoke, toxic gases from factories
and vehicles, and microorganisms. Our respiratory system will be afected if it is exposed
to the air pollutants.
Effects of Harmful Substances
A) Cigarette Smoke:
I.
Tar - Kills cells in the air passages and the lungs.
- Burnt tar can dry up mucus on the walls of pharynx and
throat. This facilitates bacterial attack on the epithelial
cells.
- Tar is acidic and it can corrode the cells in the lungs.
II. Irritants - Irritate the air passages and alveoli in the lungs.

2. - Kill cells on the surface on the air passages and lungs.
III. Nicotine - Cause addiction to cigarette smoking.
- Damages brain tissues.
- Causes blood to clot more easily which may lead to
stroke.
- Hardens walls of arteries which may cause heart
attacks.
IV. Carcinogen - Cause various types of cancer.
V. Carbon monoxide - prevents haemoglobin from transporting.
- causes a lack of oxygen in our body which may
lead to headaches, brain damage or even
death.
B) Sulphur dioxide - Can corrode the tissues of trachea and alveolus
walls.
- Corroded alveolus tissues do not allow oxygen
to be transported to the blood capillaries. This
Condition can lead to death.
C) Haze - Can suffocate the respiratory passage leading to breathing
difficulty.
D) Carbon monoxide -Reduces the formation of oxyhaemoglobin
- Supply oxygen to tissues becomes lesser and
this can be fatal
Various diseases related to the repiratory system
The effects of polluted air is as follows:
Pneumonia: An inflammatory condition of the lung—affecting primarily the microscopic
air sacs known as alveoli. It is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and
less commonly other microorganisms, certain drugs and other conditions such as
autoimmune diseases. The symptoms are breathing difficulty, excessive production of
mucus.

3. Bronchitis: The inflammation of the bronchi caused by tar and the irritants in cigarette
smoke. The symptoms of bronchitis are continuous coughing called smoker's cough,
constant breathlessnes and sleeplessness
Emphysema: The alveoli of
the lungs are enlarged and
damaged. It is caused by
harmful air pollutants
especially those in cigarette
smoke. The symptoms of
emphyseme are breathing
difficulty, coughs and
tiredness due to lack of
oxygen in the body
Lung Cancer: Caused by
inhaling cancer-causing
chemical
called
carcinogens. Cigarette
smoke contains more
than 10 different types of carcinogens including tar which can cause lung cancer. Some
symptoms of lung cancer include coughs with phlegm and blood, breathing difficulty,
loss of appetite, check pain and death
Asthma: Caused by inhaling
dust, cigarette smoke and
industrial fumes. The
symptoms of asthma are
difficulty in

4. breathing,wheezing or coughing.
Way To Improve Air Quality
1.
2.
We need to improve the quality of air so that our respiratory system remains healthy
We should preserve and conserve the quality of air by:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Banning open burning of rubbish
Using unleaded petrol in motor vehicles
Conducting campaigns for the preservation and conservation of good air quality
Banning smoking in public areas such as buses, shopping complexes, shopping
complexes, hospitals and offices
The Practice Of Keeping The Air Clean

5. To keep our clean,we must practive all the thing below:
 Carpool or move closer to your workplace.
 Ride a bike to work. Or work from home at least one day per week if possible.
 Plant deciduous trees on the south and west sides of your house to provide shade in
the summer and decrease use of air conditioning.
 Unplug any electronic devices that are not in use. (They still use electricity when
they’re not on!)
 An electronic air filtration such as a HEPA filter in the home can help improve air
quality.
 Avoid carpeting in the home and stuffed animals in the bedroom. These can be
sources of dander, dust mites, and fireplace smoke.
 Avoid pets in the bedroom.
 Use environmentally-friendly household cleaners to avoid toxic fumes at home.
 Consider hiring an eco-friendly home cleaning service to assist with thorough
maintenance of the home.

6. To keep our clean,we must practive all the thing below:
 Carpool or move closer to your workplace.
 Ride a bike to work. Or work from home at least one day per week if possible.
 Plant deciduous trees on the south and west sides of your house to provide shade in
the summer and decrease use of air conditioning.
 Unplug any electronic devices that are not in use. (They still use electricity when
they’re not on!)
 An electronic air filtration such as a HEPA filter in the home can help improve air
quality.
 Avoid carpeting in the home and stuffed animals in the bedroom. These can be
sources of dander, dust mites, and fireplace smoke.
 Avoid pets in the bedroom.
 Use environmentally-friendly household cleaners to avoid toxic fumes at home.
 Consider hiring an eco-friendly home cleaning service to assist with thorough
maintenance of the home.