Collision regs lrg

© Grunt Productions 2007
INTERNATIONALINTERNATIONAL
REGULATIONSREGULATIONS
FORFOR
PREVENTING COLLISION ATPREVENTING COLLISION AT
SEASEA

Collision RegulationsCollision Regulations

General PointsGeneral Points
 Every vessel has a responsibility to avoidEvery vessel has a responsibility to avoid
collisions.collisions.
 If every vessel follows the rules, there cannot be aIf every vessel follows the rules, there cannot be a
collision.collision.
 Even if these rules require another vessel to keepEven if these rules require another vessel to keep
out of your way, you must be ready to take actionout of your way, you must be ready to take action
yourself.yourself.
 If you are in a collision, you will always be partlyIf you are in a collision, you will always be partly
to blame.to blame.

General PointsGeneral Points
 All actions must be clear, in good time, and largeAll actions must be clear, in good time, and large
enough so other vessels will understand yourenough so other vessels will understand your
intentions.intentions.
 Generally alterations of course are more obviousGenerally alterations of course are more obvious
than alterations of speed, but never hesitate tothan alterations of speed, but never hesitate to
slow down to give yourself thinking time or moreslow down to give yourself thinking time or more
room.room.

Night VisionNight Vision
 At night keep lighting within your own vessel to aAt night keep lighting within your own vessel to a
minimum; it preserves your night vision.minimum; it preserves your night vision.
 Only use spotlights where it is vital to pick up anOnly use spotlights where it is vital to pick up an
unlit object (mooring buoys for instance).unlit object (mooring buoys for instance).
 Respect other people’s night vision.Respect other people’s night vision.

Night VisionNight Vision

Extra Care at NightExtra Care at Night
 Many navigation aids are unlit, and there are manyMany navigation aids are unlit, and there are many
other potential hazards, so keep your speed down.other potential hazards, so keep your speed down.

CCGA-P RequirementsCCGA-P Requirements
 The CCGA-P requires that at all times:The CCGA-P requires that at all times:
1. radar, if available, is to be in use, unless alongside1. radar, if available, is to be in use, unless alongside
another vesselanother vessel
2. appropriate navigation lights are displayed2. appropriate navigation lights are displayed
3. If in doubt stop, assess, plan3. If in doubt stop, assess, plan

Section I - Rules 4 to10Section I - Rules 4 to10
Conduct of Vessels in Any Type of VisibilityConduct of Vessels in Any Type of Visibility

Rule 5 - LookoutRule 5 - Lookout
 You must keep a good lookout with eyes and ears atYou must keep a good lookout with eyes and ears at
all times.all times.
 This includes poor visibility and nighttime.This includes poor visibility and nighttime.

Rule 6 - Safe SpeedRule 6 - Safe Speed
 You should travel at a speed that gives you adequateYou should travel at a speed that gives you adequate
time to assess and plan the manoeuvre to avoidtime to assess and plan the manoeuvre to avoid
collision.collision.
 Some of the factors that might cause you to slowSome of the factors that might cause you to slow
down are:down are:

visibility,visibility,

volume of traffic,volume of traffic,

background lighting,background lighting,

water depthwater depth

Rule 7 - Risk of CollisionRule 7 - Risk of Collision
 Frequently assess all the vessels in the vicinityFrequently assess all the vessels in the vicinity
of your vessel to see if they are likely to comeof your vessel to see if they are likely to come
close.close.
 If the compass bearing of another vessel doesIf the compass bearing of another vessel does
not change much, i.e. is steady, you are on, ornot change much, i.e. is steady, you are on, or
nearly on, a collision course.nearly on, a collision course.
 A bearing (true or compass) is the ONLY wayA bearing (true or compass) is the ONLY way
to assess risk of collision.to assess risk of collision.

Rule 8 - Action to Avoid CollisionRule 8 - Action to Avoid Collision
 Any action you now take, must comply with theseAny action you now take, must comply with these
rules, and must be obvious to the other vessel, andrules, and must be obvious to the other vessel, and
result in the two vessels passing well clear of eachresult in the two vessels passing well clear of each
other.other.

Rule 9 - Narrow ChannelsRule 9 - Narrow Channels
 In narrow channels, all vessels should keep to theIn narrow channels, all vessels should keep to the
starboard side of the channel.starboard side of the channel.

Rule 10 - Traffic Separation SchemesRule 10 - Traffic Separation Schemes
 Traffic shall follow the traffic separation schemeTraffic shall follow the traffic separation scheme
where one is designated.where one is designated.
 Where you are outside it, you should avoid it.Where you are outside it, you should avoid it.
 If you have to cross it you have to cross it as nearIf you have to cross it you have to cross it as near
right angles as possible.right angles as possible.
 A vessel less than 20 metres in length shall notA vessel less than 20 metres in length shall not
impede a ship in a separation scheme.impede a ship in a separation scheme.

Good courses in or near separation
schemes

Bad courses in or near separation
schemes

Section II - Rules 11 to 18Section II - Rules 11 to 18
Conduct of Vessels in Sight of One AnotherConduct of Vessels in Sight of One Another

Collision RegulationsCollision Regulations
Section II - Conduct of vessels in sight of oneSection II - Conduct of vessels in sight of one
anotheranother
• Rule 11 ApplicationRule 11 Application
• Rule 12 Sailing VesselsRule 12 Sailing Vessels
• Rule 13 OvertakingRule 13 Overtaking
• Rule 14 Head-onRule 14 Head-on
• Rule 15 Crossing SituationsRule 15 Crossing Situations
• Rule 16 Action by the Give-way VesselRule 16 Action by the Give-way Vessel
• Rule 17 Action by the Stand-on VesselRule 17 Action by the Stand-on Vessel
• Rule 18 Responsibilities Between VesselsRule 18 Responsibilities Between Vessels

Rule 12 - Sailing VesselsRule 12 - Sailing Vessels
Wind on different sidesWind on different sides
 When sailing vessels haveWhen sailing vessels have
the wind on different sides,the wind on different sides,
the vessel that has the windthe vessel that has the wind
on the port side shall keepon the port side shall keep
out of the way of the other.out of the way of the other.

A keeps clear of B.A keeps clear of B.
Wind
A B

If a sailing vessel with theIf a sailing vessel with the
wind on the port side sees awind on the port side sees a
sailing vessel to windwardsailing vessel to windward
and cannot determine withand cannot determine with
certainty whether the othercertainty whether the other
sailing vessel has the windsailing vessel has the wind
on the port or starboard side,on the port or starboard side,
it shall keep out of the way.it shall keep out of the way.

Wind on the same sidesWind on the same sides
 When both sailing vesselsWhen both sailing vessels
have the wind on the samehave the wind on the same
side, the vessel which is theside, the vessel which is the
closest to the windclosest to the wind
(windward) shall keep out(windward) shall keep out
of the way of the vesselof the way of the vessel
which is to leeward.which is to leeward.

B keeps clear of A.B keeps clear of A.
Wind
B
A

Rule 13 - OvertakingRule 13 - Overtaking
 This rule overrides all the other give-way rules.This rule overrides all the other give-way rules.

The overtaking vessel (even if sailing) must keep out of theThe overtaking vessel (even if sailing) must keep out of the
way of the vessel being overtaken.way of the vessel being overtaken.

You can pass on either side of the vessel, but keep wellYou can pass on either side of the vessel, but keep well
clear – the other vessel may not have seen you.clear – the other vessel may not have seen you.

If you are being overtaken, hold your course and speed untilIf you are being overtaken, hold your course and speed until
the other vessel is past and well clear.the other vessel is past and well clear.

Rule 14 - Head onRule 14 - Head on
 Both vessels must alter course toBoth vessels must alter course to starboardstarboard..
 If the other vessel turns the wrong way, you should turn evenIf the other vessel turns the wrong way, you should turn even
more tomore to starboardstarboard, slow down, or stop your vessel., slow down, or stop your vessel.

Rule 15 - Crossing SituationRule 15 - Crossing Situation
 If the other vessel is on yourIf the other vessel is on your starboardstarboard side it has right of wayside it has right of way
and you must keep clear: you must either turn toand you must keep clear: you must either turn to starboardstarboard, slow, slow
down to let the other vessel pass ahead of you – or do both.down to let the other vessel pass ahead of you – or do both.
 A gives way to BA gives way to B
A
B

Rule 15 - Crossing SituationRule 15 - Crossing Situation
 If the other vessel is on yourIf the other vessel is on your portport side, you have right of way andside, you have right of way and
should hold your course and speed. However, if you think theshould hold your course and speed. However, if you think the
other vessel is leaving it too late, you have to take action yourself.other vessel is leaving it too late, you have to take action yourself.
The “right rule” still applies: if you alter course, alter toThe “right rule” still applies: if you alter course, alter to
starboardstarboard. Or you can slow down, or do both.. Or you can slow down, or do both.
A
B

Rules 13-15: Vessels in Sight andRules 13-15: Vessels in Sight and
in Risk of Collision (Review)in Risk of Collision (Review)
HEAD ON OVERTAKING CROSSING
Description Meeting on
reciprocal
courses,
masthead lights in
line, both
sidelights visible.
Overtaking
another vessel
more than 22.5
abaft the beam, at
night only the
sternlight visible.
Two vessels
crossing, risk of
collision exists.
Action Both vessels turn
to starboard to
pass port-to-port.
Overtaking vessel
keeps out of the
way on the
overtaken vessel.
The vessel which
holds the other
on her starboard
must keep out of
the way of the
stand-on vessel.

Rule 16: Give-way VesselRule 16: Give-way Vessel
 Take early and substantial action to stay out of theTake early and substantial action to stay out of the
way of the stand-on vessel.way of the stand-on vessel.

Rule 17: Stand-on VesselRule 17: Stand-on Vessel
 Maintain course and speed.Maintain course and speed.
 Sound 5 short rapid blasts.Sound 5 short rapid blasts.
 Take action if the give-way is not takingTake action if the give-way is not taking
substantial action to avoid collision.substantial action to avoid collision.
 If risk of collision exists and if circumstancesIf risk of collision exists and if circumstances
allow, avoid altering course to port.allow, avoid altering course to port.
 If collision isIf collision is imminentimminent, any action that will, any action that will
avoid collision or mitigate it, is permitted.avoid collision or mitigate it, is permitted.

Rule 18: ResponsibilitiesRule 18: Responsibilities
Between VesselsBetween Vessels
Vessels in order of priorityVessels in order of priority
 Vessel not under commandVessel not under command
 Restricted in ability to maneuverRestricted in ability to maneuver
 Vessel constrained by draftVessel constrained by draft
 Vessel engaged in fishingVessel engaged in fishing
 Sailing vesselsSailing vessels
 Power driven vesselsPower driven vessels
 SeaplanesSeaplanes

Rule 18 - Power meets sailRule 18 - Power meets sail
 In general, power vessels have to keep out of the wayIn general, power vessels have to keep out of the way
of sailing and fishing vessels, and vessels that areof sailing and fishing vessels, and vessels that are
hampered by such tasks as dredging, cable laying andhampered by such tasks as dredging, cable laying and
so on.so on.

Operating ruleOperating rule
Port:Port: If a power-If a power-
driven vesseldriven vessel
approaches withinapproaches within
this sectorthis sector
maintain yourmaintain your
course and speedcourse and speed
with caution.with caution.
Starboard: If
any vessel
approaches
within this
sector, keep out
of its way.
(Note: This rule
may not always
apply if one or
both vessels are
sailboats.)
Stern: If any vessel approaches
this sector, maintain your course
and speed with caution.

The RIGHT ruleThe RIGHT rule
The RIGHT rule is:The RIGHT rule is:

look to the right;look to the right;

give way to the right;give way to the right;

turn to the right; andturn to the right; and

stay to the right.stay to the right.

Section III - Rule 19Section III - Rule 19
Conduct of Vessels in Restricted VisibilityConduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility

Rule 19 - Restricted VisibilityRule 19 - Restricted Visibility
 Restricted visibility any condition that reducesRestricted visibility any condition that reduces
visibility, and includes fog, heavy rain, snow,visibility, and includes fog, heavy rain, snow,
hail, sandstorms, etc.hail, sandstorms, etc.
 Fog is common on the coast of BritishFog is common on the coast of British
Columbia. A good lookout becomes evenColumbia. A good lookout becomes even
more vital.more vital.
 Slow down and be ready to stop if you sightSlow down and be ready to stop if you sight
another vessel or hear a fog signal.another vessel or hear a fog signal.

Rule 19: Restricted VisibilityRule 19: Restricted Visibility
 This rule applies when navigating in or NEAR anThis rule applies when navigating in or NEAR an
area of restricted visibility.area of restricted visibility.

Rule 19: Restricted VisibilityRule 19: Restricted Visibility
 For fog signals heard forward of the beam, reduceFor fog signals heard forward of the beam, reduce
speed to minimum steerageway and navigatespeed to minimum steerageway and navigate
cautiously.cautiously.
 Actions to take on hearing a fog signal forward ofActions to take on hearing a fog signal forward of
the beam can shown as:the beam can shown as:

Part C - Lights and ShapesPart C - Lights and Shapes

Navigation LightsNavigation Lights
 Vessels that operate from sunset to sunrise, whetherVessels that operate from sunset to sunrise, whether
at anchor or underway, must carry and exhibit theat anchor or underway, must carry and exhibit the
correct lights.correct lights.
 A vessel is underway when not anchored, moored toA vessel is underway when not anchored, moored to
the shore or aground.the shore or aground.
 Navigation lights must also be displayed duringNavigation lights must also be displayed during
daylight hours in periods of restricted visibility.daylight hours in periods of restricted visibility.
 All vessels must comply with the regulationsAll vessels must comply with the regulations
concerning lighting.concerning lighting.

Navigation LightsNavigation Lights
1. Masthead light1. Masthead light
2. Port side light2. Port side light
3. Starboard side light3. Starboard side light
4. Stern light4. Stern light
5. Towing light5. Towing light

Navigation ShapesNavigation Shapes
 Vessels towing, and also on the towVessels towing, and also on the tow
 Deep draft vesselsDeep draft vessels
 Vessel under sails but using machinery to propelVessel under sails but using machinery to propel
 Vessels at anchorVessels at anchor

 All fishing vesselsAll fishing vessels
In addition in the direction of her gear or netsIn addition in the direction of her gear or nets

 Vessel not under commandVessel not under command
 Vessel engagedVessel engaged
in mine clearancein mine clearance

 Vessel restricted in ability to manoeuvreVessel restricted in ability to manoeuvre
Safe side to passSafe side to pass
Side with obstructionSide with obstruction

 Vessel agroundVessel aground

 Vessel operating diversVessel operating divers


Rule 32 - DefinitionsRule 32 - Definitions

Rule 34 - Maneuvering and Warning SignalsRule 34 - Maneuvering and Warning Signals

Rule 35 - Sound Signals in Restricted VisibilityRule 35 - Sound Signals in Restricted Visibility

Rule 36 - Signals to Attract AttentionRule 36 - Signals to Attract Attention

Rule 37 - Distress SignalsRule 37 - Distress Signals

Annexes I -VAnnexes I -V
Part D - Sound and Light SignalsPart D - Sound and Light Signals

 Sound signals forSound signals for signals of actionsignals of action
 Signals are sounded upon rudder orderSignals are sounded upon rudder order
 Exchanged by any vessel in proximity toExchanged by any vessel in proximity to
another vesselanother vessel
 Exchanged if vessels are “in sight” andExchanged if vessels are “in sight” and
maneuvering is requiredmaneuvering is required

 Short Blast- about one second durationShort Blast- about one second duration
 Long Blast - 4-6 second durationLong Blast - 4-6 second duration

Rule 33 - Equipment for SoundRule 33 - Equipment for Sound
SignalsSignals
 Vessels < 100m in length: whistle and bellVessels < 100m in length: whistle and bell
 Vessels >= 100m in length: whistle, bell, and gongVessels >= 100m in length: whistle, bell, and gong
 Vessels < 12m in length: some type of soundVessels < 12m in length: some type of sound
signaling devicesignaling device

Rule 34 - Manoeuvring and WarningRule 34 - Manoeuvring and Warning
SignalsSignals
 Sound signals can be used by any vessel to indicateSound signals can be used by any vessel to indicate
an action they are about to take:an action they are about to take:

One short blastOne short blast:: I am altering course toI am altering course to
starboard.starboard.

Two short blastsTwo short blasts:: I am altering course to port.I am altering course to port.

Three short blastsThree short blasts:: My engines are going astern.My engines are going astern.

SignalsSignals

Five short blastsFive short blasts::

Officially - I am unsure of your intentions;Officially - I am unsure of your intentions;

Practically - you are not following the rules;Practically - you are not following the rules;

or “wake up you ***** idiot”.or “wake up you ***** idiot”.

Rule 34: Maneuvering andRule 34: Maneuvering and
Warning Signals - OvertakingWarning Signals - Overtaking
An overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches another vesselAn overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches another vessel
more than 22.5more than 22.5oo
abaft the beam of the overtaken vessel.abaft the beam of the overtaken vessel.

Rule 34: Maneuvering and WarningRule 34: Maneuvering and Warning
Signals- CrossingSignals- Crossing
At night, the stand-on vessel sees the green sidelight of the give-wayAt night, the stand-on vessel sees the green sidelight of the give-way
vessel, and the give-way vessel sees the red sidelight of the stand-onvessel, and the give-way vessel sees the red sidelight of the stand-on
vessel.vessel.

Rule 34: Maneuvering andRule 34: Maneuvering and
Warning Signals - MeetingWarning Signals - Meeting
A meeting situation exists if two power vessels approach onA meeting situation exists if two power vessels approach on
reciprocal or near reciprocal courses.reciprocal or near reciprocal courses.

SignalsSignals
 Vessel shall sound one long blast when coming toVessel shall sound one long blast when coming to
blind turnblind turn

Rule 35 - Sound Signals inRule 35 - Sound Signals in
Restricted VisibilityRestricted Visibility
 Power driven vessel underway and making way (T)Power driven vessel underway and making way (T)
Power driven vessel underway and not making wayPower driven vessel underway and not making way
(stopped in the water) (M)(stopped in the water) (M)

 Vessel not under command, restricted in ability toVessel not under command, restricted in ability to
maneuver, sailing, fishing or towing (D)maneuver, sailing, fishing or towing (D)
 Last vessel of a tow (B)Last vessel of a tow (B)

 Pilot vessel on duty (H)Pilot vessel on duty (H)

 Vessels at anchor, including vessel working atVessels at anchor, including vessel working at
anchoranchor
Bell ringing for 5 second.Bell ringing for 5 second.
 If more than 100 metersIf more than 100 meters
Bell ringing for 5 seconds forward then gongBell ringing for 5 seconds forward then gong
sounded for 5 seconds aft.sounded for 5 seconds aft.
 In addition may sound (R)In addition may sound (R)

 Vessels agroundVessels aground
Bell - Bell- Bell -Bell ringing for 5 seconds -Bell - Bell- Bell -Bell ringing for 5 seconds -
Bell - Bell - Bell.Bell - Bell - Bell.
 Vessel aground if more than 100 metersVessel aground if more than 100 meters
Bell - Bell- Bell -Bell ringing for 5 seconds -Bell - Bell- Bell -Bell ringing for 5 seconds -
Bell - Bell - Bell, then gong sounded for 5Bell - Bell - Bell, then gong sounded for 5
seconds aft.seconds aft.

 Vessels less than 12 meters in length shall make anVessels less than 12 meters in length shall make an
efficient sound signal at least every 2 minutes.efficient sound signal at least every 2 minutes.

Rule 36 - Signals to AttractRule 36 - Signals to Attract
AttentionAttention
 If a vessel needs to attract the attention of anotherIf a vessel needs to attract the attention of another
vessel she may use a searchlight to show direction ofvessel she may use a searchlight to show direction of
a danger.a danger.
 However any signal must be such as not to beHowever any signal must be such as not to be
confused with a navigational aid, so flashing lightsconfused with a navigational aid, so flashing lights
or strobes are not to be used.or strobes are not to be used.

Rule 37 - Distress SignalsRule 37 - Distress Signals
. . . _ _ _ . . . (SOS)
MAYDAY Two tone alarmVHF-DSC

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