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Understanding tradeoffs between high class
land and development; recent and future
pressures on Auckland’s soil resources
Beyond the Edge
(La Trobe University Melbourne)

Fiona Curran Cournane,
Melanie Vaughan, Ali Memon and Craig
Fredrickson
Research Investigations and Monitoring Unit
Introduction
• Increasing global population
• Auckland largest city in NZ
• Population forecast to increase from 1.5-2.5m
by 2040
• Equates to 400,000 dwellings
• Competition of high class land for rural vs urban
vs peri-urban use in NZ
• Soil natural capital- ecosystem services
• High class land = Land use capability classes 1-3
Land Use Capability (LUC) Classification

1

Arable cropping
suitability

Pastoral
grazing
suitability

Production
forestry
suitability

High

High

General
suitability

High

Specific
reference in
Unitary Plan

Value for
primary
production

Elite land

High

Multiple use
land

Prime land

Pastoral or
forestry land

2

Moderate to
low versatility

High to
moderate

3
4

Low

5
6

Unsuitable

7

Low

Low

8

Unsuitable

Unsuitable

Moderate to
low

Conservation
land

Low

Decreasing versatility of use

Increasing limitations to use

LUC Class
Objectives
To robustly quantify the amount of high class
land that has been lost to urban development
and what is likely to occur using both long
term trend and future growth records
High class
land =
Land Use
Capability (LUC)
Classes 1-3
LUC 1 (<1%)
LUC 2 (12%)
LUC 3 (15%)
What we had
• 28% (124,843 hectares) of the Auckland total land
area is classified as elite and prime agricultural
land

What we lost......
Urban
extension
7,172 ha (5.7%) high
class land lost to urban
extension
Disproportionate
encroachment onto
high class land
Greenfields equate to
7,842ha (6.3%) loss of
high class land

Building consents
(52,980) granted =
1.1% (1,395ha) loss of
high class land
(415ha outside RUB)
Future growth
pressures on
high class land
Why we care
Powerhouse in terms of
outdoor vegetable production

Because...
• Pukekohe has some of NZ’s best soils
• Unique, effectively frost free climate
• Availability of irrigation water
• Multitude of freight options
• Supply of labour
Lest we forget....
• Supporting
• Cultural
• Regulatory.....
...ecosystem services soil
natural capital support
Conclusions
•

Urbanisation disproportionally encroaches onto elite and
prime land and future growth indicates that these
tradeoffs will continue

•

Real need to analyse the economic benefits and long term
sustainability of future development and protection of our
valuable soil resources

•

True cost of lost ES needs to be evaluated to ensure these
values are acknowledged by decision makers
Curran_Cournane_Understanding tradeoffs between high class land and development, and future pressures on Auckland’s soil resources

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Curran_Cournane_Understanding tradeoffs between high class land and development, and future pressures on Auckland’s soil resources

  • 1. Understanding tradeoffs between high class land and development; recent and future pressures on Auckland’s soil resources Beyond the Edge (La Trobe University Melbourne) Fiona Curran Cournane, Melanie Vaughan, Ali Memon and Craig Fredrickson Research Investigations and Monitoring Unit
  • 2. Introduction • Increasing global population • Auckland largest city in NZ • Population forecast to increase from 1.5-2.5m by 2040 • Equates to 400,000 dwellings • Competition of high class land for rural vs urban vs peri-urban use in NZ • Soil natural capital- ecosystem services • High class land = Land use capability classes 1-3
  • 3. Land Use Capability (LUC) Classification 1 Arable cropping suitability Pastoral grazing suitability Production forestry suitability High High General suitability High Specific reference in Unitary Plan Value for primary production Elite land High Multiple use land Prime land Pastoral or forestry land 2 Moderate to low versatility High to moderate 3 4 Low 5 6 Unsuitable 7 Low Low 8 Unsuitable Unsuitable Moderate to low Conservation land Low Decreasing versatility of use Increasing limitations to use LUC Class
  • 4. Objectives To robustly quantify the amount of high class land that has been lost to urban development and what is likely to occur using both long term trend and future growth records
  • 5. High class land = Land Use Capability (LUC) Classes 1-3 LUC 1 (<1%) LUC 2 (12%) LUC 3 (15%)
  • 6. What we had • 28% (124,843 hectares) of the Auckland total land area is classified as elite and prime agricultural land What we lost......
  • 7. Urban extension 7,172 ha (5.7%) high class land lost to urban extension Disproportionate encroachment onto high class land
  • 8. Greenfields equate to 7,842ha (6.3%) loss of high class land Building consents (52,980) granted = 1.1% (1,395ha) loss of high class land (415ha outside RUB)
  • 10. Why we care Powerhouse in terms of outdoor vegetable production Because... • Pukekohe has some of NZ’s best soils • Unique, effectively frost free climate • Availability of irrigation water • Multitude of freight options • Supply of labour
  • 11. Lest we forget.... • Supporting • Cultural • Regulatory..... ...ecosystem services soil natural capital support
  • 12. Conclusions • Urbanisation disproportionally encroaches onto elite and prime land and future growth indicates that these tradeoffs will continue • Real need to analyse the economic benefits and long term sustainability of future development and protection of our valuable soil resources • True cost of lost ES needs to be evaluated to ensure these values are acknowledged by decision makers