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Stainedglass tutorial
- 1. The Beauty and Physics of Stained Glass A Brief Tutorial for the Adult Hobbyist Click here to proceed Updated September 2011
- 2. Welcome, future glaziers! Stained glass has been a source of inspiration and reflection for centuries. This short tutorial will provide some information to help you appreciate your new hobby. The next screen will show you what you can expect to learn in the next 10 minutes! The stained glass window, left, is in the Notre Dame cathedral in Paris, France. Click here to proceed
- 3. Introduction The menu bar to the left contains all the topics to be covered. You How Glass is may progress at your own pace Made through this presentation. •There is a short video to see how Physics of Glass glass is made. •Then you will learn about how light plays a major role in the Types of Glass beauty and physics of your projects. •There are four types of glass to Joining Glass – consider as you work. Foil or Came? •Finally, you will need to decide whether to use copper foil or lead came to put your project Quiz together. Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Click here Screen to 3 of 36 proceed Glossary Exit
- 4. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass The navigation menu bar at the bottom of the screen allows you to move through the tutorial. For each action highlighted Joining Glass – below, click the corresponding icon in the navigation menu bar. Foil or Came? PHOTO PROGRESS Quiz BACK (how far you have ADVANCE EXIT GALLERY advanced) Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 4 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 5. Introduction Viewing the How Glass is quiz, resources, glossary and Made photo gallery are options you may pursue if you have more time. Physics of Glass We hope that this tutorial will inspire you to look for a class Types of Glass or workshop in your local area so you may begin glasswork. Joining Glass – The art of stained glass has Foil or Came? changed so much recently, due to advances in how glass is made. The Quiz physics of glass and types of glass offer you so many options to create art! Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 5 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 6. Introduction At the end of this tutorial, you will have How Glass is learned…. Made Three main ingredients used to make glass Physics of Glass Three qualities or physical properties of glass Types of Glass Four types of stained glass Joining Glass – Whether to use foil or Foil or Came? came in your projects You may take a short quiz Quiz to see how well you have mastered the Photo content! Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 6 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 7. Introduction How Glass is made How Glass is At the end of this tutorial, Made you will have learned…. Physics of Glass • Three main ingredients used to make glass • Three qualities or physical Types of Glass properties of glass • Four types of stained glass Joining Glass – • Whether to use foil or came in Foil or Came? your projects Quiz Pictured above is a chunk of obsidian. Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 7 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 8. Introduction Glass is made of silica (sand), sodium How Glass is Made carbonate (soda ash), and calcium carbonate (limestone). In its natural form, glass occurs as obsidian rock. Physics of Glass Nature first made glass when lightning Types of Glass struck sand. The superheated sand melted and reformed as it cooled Joining Glass – (annealed) into obsidian. Foil or Came? Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 8 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 9. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Click on the camera to watch this short video about how Joining Glass – glass is made. Foil or Came? http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/ 28024-some-assembly-required-how-glass-is- made-video.htm Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 9 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 10. Introduction After being mixed at 3000 How Glass is degrees Made Fahrenheit, the sand, soda ash, and Physics of Glass limestone mixture is now liquid and is Types of Glass floated on a pool of molten tin. Joining Glass – The glass cools Foil or Came? into a reasonably smooth consistency. Quiz Gases and impurities escape in the heat. Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 10 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 11. Introduction Cooling glass can be How Glass is molded or pressed to Made obtain different textures in the glass. Physics of Glass See how the clear glass in this photo has texture. Types of Glass There are at least five different textures in this project. Joining Glass – Foil or Came? These are all made by different manufacturing techniques. Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 11 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 12. Introduction Most glass is machine drawn, meaning it is manufactured in huge sheets as you How Glass is saw in the video clip. Different Made techniques can be used to achieve different coloration and texture. Physics of Glass As glass is being made, metal oxides are added to provide color. The coloration in this piece varies from the top to the Types of Glass bottom and is a result of iridescence. Pressed glass has textural patterns Joining Glass – pressed into the glass as it cools. Foil or Came? Notice how this glass in the background has a pressed pattern that is reminiscent of an old tin ceiling. Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 12 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 13. Introduction Glass can be How Glass is pressed, as we have Made seen. It can also blown. Physics of Glass See how the circles of glass in this photo appear to have Types of Glass centers and concentric rings. Joining Glass – That was where the Foil or Came? glass was connected to the hollow tube used to blow the Quiz glass into shape. Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 13 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 14. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass The Physics of Glass Light Refraction Types of Glass Light passes through the glass and is refracted in different ways based on the Joining Glass – refractive properties of the glass. Foil or Came? A Light rainbow enters of colors the exits the Quiz prism prism Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 14 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 15. Introduction Light Refraction How Glass is The beauty of stained glass comes Made from its refractive qualities….opacity, translucency or transparency. Physics of Glass Some stained glass looks better when lit from behind, but can appear Types of Glass dark when light hits it from the front. Other pieces appear luminous when Joining Glass – light comes from the front. Foil or Came? Tip: A combination of transparent, opaque and translucent Quiz glasses in one project adds visual interest and depth. Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 15 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 16. Introduction We tend to think of rich jewel tones when we think How Glass is of stained glass – pure color Made when the light shines through! Physics of Glass This photo is an excellent example of single color glass with no texture – just Types of Glass that rich, pure color that is transparent and lets light shine through. Joining Glass – Foil or Came? This would leave a beautiful pattern of color on any surface where the light is Quiz cast! Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 16 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 17. Introduction A modern trend is to How Glass is have streaky glass Made with gradations of color, as this orange glass has. Physics of Glass Parts of this orange glass look Types of Glass milky, meaning it is opaque and light will not go through well. Joining Glass – Foil or Came? Parts of this glass are translucent, which mean some light goes Quiz through. Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 17 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 18. Introduction Types of Glass…. Different manufacturers produce How Glass is unique versions of stained glass for Made the hobbyist. In general, though, the types of stained glass are categorized by the coloration and manufacturing Physics of Glass process used to make the glass. Most glass is machine-drawn rather than blown, and the coloration varies Types of Glass from transparent to opaque. Next, we will look at these four types Joining Glass – of glass. Foil or Came? 1. Cathedral 2. Opalescent Quiz 3. Wispy 4. Fractured/Streamer Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 18 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 19. Introduction Cathedral Glass: Transparent, sin How Glass is gle color Made glass, which may have texture or be smooth. Physics of Glass Note the glass bubbles in this example. They Types of Glass make this glass look “seedy” (i.e. seeds Joining Glass – dispersed) and Foil or Came? may present difficulty in cutting a straight Quiz line. Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 19 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 20. Introduction Opalescent Glass: How Glass is Made Flourine is added to clear glass Physics of Glass to give it a milky appearance Types of Glass Additional colors may Joining Glass – be added Foil or Came? as well. Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 20 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 21. Introduction Wispy Glass How Glass is A blend of Made translucent and opaque glass that usually results in a Physics of Glass swirly, wispy appearance. The variations in color Types of Glass may impact how you cut your glass for your project. Joining Glass – Foil or Came? It also seems that some wispy glass is particularly fragile Quiz and breaks easily. Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 21 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 22. Introduction Fractured/Streamer– How Glass is Fractures are small Made shards of glass bubbles that have been broken, while Physics of Glass streamers are long strands of colored glass. These are Types of Glass pressed into machine-drawn glass as it cools to form Joining Glass – unique patterns. Foil or Came? • This glass will also be difficult to Quiz work with. Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 22 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 23. Introduction A word to the wise… The coloration and texture of your stained glass present How Glass is some challenges to the novice. Made It may be difficult to cut straight lines in fractured or seedy glass. Also, in wispy Physics of Glass glass, the coloration in one area of the sheet may not have the best refractive Types of Glass quality you want for the piece. Cutting stained glass is not as Joining Glass – easy as cutting paper or fabric. Foil or Came? Start with inexpensive glass and practice your cutting Quiz techniques before purchasing expensive glass! Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 23 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 24. Introduction Joining Pieces of How Glass is Stained Made Glass Physics of Glass Types of Glass Look at the way these pieces were joined. Notice that Joining Glass – there are some holes Foil or Came? between pieces of glass. Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 24 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 25. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass This piece was put together Joining Glass – using the copper foil Foil or Came? technique. Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 25 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 26. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Each piece was edged with Types of Glass copper foil This piece was put together Joining Glass – using the copper foil Foil or Came? technique. Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 26 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 27. Introduction How Glass is Pinned Made into place Physics of Glass Each piece was edged with Types of Glass copper foil This piece was put together Joining Glass – using the copper foil Foil or Came? technique. Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 27 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 28. Introduction Then How Glass is Pinned doused Made into with flux place Physics of Glass Each piece was edged with Types of Glass copper foil This piece was put together Joining Glass – using the copper foil Foil or Came? technique. Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 28 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 29. Introduction Then How Glass is Pinned doused Made into with flux place And Physics of Glass soldered Each piece was edged together with on both Types of Glass sides copper foil This piece was put together Joining Glass – using the copper foil Foil or Came? technique. Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 29 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 30. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Foil or Came? Quiz Notice how this project is fitted into a wood frame, so that the copper- foil-wrapped pieces don’t move around while soldering. Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 30 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 31. Introduction Notice how the How Glass is joins in this piece Made are thicker and darker than those in the copper foil Physics of Glass projects. This project was Types of Glass pieced together using lead came. Joining Glass – Came is a Foil or Came? traditional way of joining pieces of stained glass. Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 31 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 32. Introduction Came comes in two forms – “H” channel and “U” channel. How Glass is These names come from the Made shape of the profile of each type of came. Physics of Glass The “H” channel is used to connect interior pieces of glass while the “U” channel is Types of Glass used to finish the exterior edges of the project. Joining Glass – Either type of came can be Foil or Came? flat or have a rounded finish. Came is most frequently Quiz made of lead, but zinc is also used as well. Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 32 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 33. Introduction Here is a profile of the came. How Glass is Made Notice that the glass pieces fill in Physics of Glass the top and bottom parts of the Types of Glass “H”. That is why Joining Glass – “H” Foil or Came? channel is used for the interior Quiz joints. Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 33 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 34. Introduction Foil is the predominant method these days. How Glass is Made It requires much practice to apply foil evenly around each Physics of Glass piece of glass. Additionally, you will Types of Glass want to practice soldering, which can be difficult to master. Joining Glass – Foil or Came? Came is more forgiving and easier to use, but there are Quiz concerns about the lead. Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 34 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 35. Introduction How Glass is Made Came is best used in flat projects, such as windows. Physics of Glass Copper foil is great in flat projects as well as structural Types of Glass projects, such as lamps. Joining Glass – Foil or Came? Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 35 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 36. Introduction You have now completed the four modules of this tutorial. How Glass is Made You learned about how glass is made and how light impacts the beauty of your Physics of Glass project. You learned that there are four basic types of glass, and that either came Types of Glass or copper foil can be used to join the pieces of your project. Joining Glass – Foil or Came? QUIZ TIME! There will be four quiz questions in the screens Quiz that follow. Photo Resources Gallery Tutorial Screen 36 of 36 Glossary Exit
- 37. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Question 1. Foil or Came? What are the three main ingredients used in making glass? Quiz The answer will be revealed in the next screen… Photo Resources Gallery Quiz Screen 1 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 38. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Question 1. Foil or Came? What are the three main ingredients used in making glass? Answer: Quiz Silica (in the form of sand), soda ash and limestone Photo Resources Gallery Quiz Screen 2 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 39. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Question 2. Foil or Came? What are the three refractive qualities of stained glass? Quiz The answer will be revealed in the next screen… Photo Resources Gallery Quiz Screen 3 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 40. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Question 2. Foil or Came? What are the three refractive qualities of stained glass? Answer: Quiz Opacity, Transparency and Translucence Photo Resources Gallery Quiz Screen 4 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 41. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Question 3. Foil or Came? What are the four types of stained glass? Quiz The answer will be revealed in the next screen… Photo Resources Gallery Quiz Screen 5 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 42. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Question 3. Foil or Came? What are the four types of stained glass? Answer: Quiz Cathedral, Wispy, Opalescent, and Fractures/Streamers Photo Resources Gallery Quiz Screen 6 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 43. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Question 4. Foil or Came? When making a window, what type of join should be used? Quiz The answer will be revealed in the next screen… Photo Resources Gallery Quiz Screen 7 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 44. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Question 4. Foil or Came? When making a window, what type of join should be used? Answer: Quiz Either method; foil is best when making a 3-D project Photo Resources Gallery Quiz Screen 8 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 45. Introduction Congratulations! You have completed How Glass is the “beauty and Made physics of stained glass” tutorial. Physics of Glass If you have time, continue on to view additional Types of Glass resources to help you as you begin your new hobby. Joining Glass – Foil or Came? Also, visit the photo gallery for some ideas on projects Quiz you might like! Photo Resources Gallery Quiz Screen 9 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 46. Introduction This is the homepage for the Stained Glass Association of How Glass is America. Check out their Made newsletter and annual conferences. http://stainedglass.org/ Physics of Glass This is a link to the video about how glass is made. It was produced by the Discovery Types of Glass Channel – you probably recognized some of the TV hosts who appeared in this clip! Joining Glass – http://videos.howstuffworks.com/ Foil or Came? discovery/28024-some-assembly- required-how-glass-is-made- video.htm Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Resources Screen 1 of 3 Glossary Exit
- 47. Introduction How Glass is Made This link takes you to the page where the four types of glass Physics of Glass are described. Be sure to surf to other related pages when Types of Glass visiting this one! http://www.ehow.co m/facts_5004230_ty Joining Glass – pes-stained- Foil or Came? glass.html Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Resources Screen 2 of 3 Glossary Exit
- 48. Introduction Go here to see definitions of more How Glass is types of glass sold to stained glass Made artists. This site is a commercial site for selling stained glass projects. http://pw1.netcom.com/~mmglass/ Physics of Glass types.html#flas Types of Glass Here are links to pages with free stock photos which I used in this presentation: Joining Glass – http://www.shutterstock.com/ Foil or Came? http://www.dreamstime.com/ Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Resources Screen 3 of 3 Glossary Exit
- 49. Introduction How Glass is Made Glossary Anneal – to make stronger by heating and Physics of Glass then cooling Flux – a chemical cleaning agent used when Types of Glass soldering to help metals flow Glazier - centuries ago, an artisan who made Joining Glass – glass was a glazier. In modern times, a Foil or Came? glazier is a construction worker who specializes in repairing glass Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Glossary Screen 1 of 3 Glossary Exit
- 50. Introduction How Glass is Made Glossary Physics of Glass Iridescence– the quality of changing hue depending on the angle at which the object is viewed Types of Glass Luminous– the quality of being lit up Joining Glass – Foil or Came? Opalescence - exhibiting a milky iridescence like that of an opal Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Glossary Screen 2 of 3 Glossary Exit
- 51. Introduction How Glass is Made Glossary Physics of Glass Refraction - the bending of light rays as they pass through a substance Types of Glass Solder– metal alloys, usually tin and lead, used to join Joining Glass – fusible parts Foil or Came? Quiz Photo Resources Gallery Glossary Screen 3 of 3 Glossary Exit
- 52. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Foil or Came? Photo Quiz Gallery Resources Gallery Screen 1 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 53. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Foil or Came? Photo Quiz Gallery Resources Gallery Screen 2 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 54. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Foil or Came? Photo Quiz Gallery Resources Gallery Screen 4 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 55. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Foil or Came? Photo Quiz Gallery Resources Gallery Screen 4 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 56. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Foil or Came? Photo Quiz Gallery Resources Gallery Screen 5 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 57. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Foil or Came? Photo Quiz Gallery Resources Gallery Screen 6 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 58. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Foil or Came? Photo Quiz Gallery Resources Gallery Screen 7 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 59. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Joining Glass – Foil or Came? Photo Quiz Gallery Resources Gallery Screen 8 of 9 Glossary Exit
- 60. Introduction How Glass is Made Physics of Glass Types of Glass Thank you for visiting this tutorial! Joining Glass – Enjoy the Beauty and Physics of Stained Glass. Foil or Came? Quiz Please close the door gently on your way out, so you don’t break the decorative glass! Resources Gallery Screen 9 of 9 Glossary Exit