10 plagiarism tutorial2012

Using Sources in your Work:
A Tutorial on Avoiding Plagiarism
GRADE 10 - 11

NOTE:
To move through this tutorial, use the
mouse to click on the arrow at the
bottom right of your screen.

Agenda for This Tutorial
 Read about examples of plagiarism and
the consequences in the real world.

 Learn more about plagiarism:
• What plagiarism is and how one can avoid it
• When to cite your sources
• How to cite your sources

 Take a quiz to verify your understanding.

 Pledge that you will avoid plagiarism.

You know this…
don’t you?
 Sure you do. Teachers have been
talking (and talking, and talking)
about plagiarism—and how you
should avoid it.

 But, if it is so bad, why do students
(and adults) do it?

Why do students plagiarize?
Here are some excuses…
Why does it matter? My
(pick one of the following)

teacher/parent/guardian
doesn’t care if I do it.
Every
b
else d ody
oe
Why n s it.
o t me
too? ,

The assignment was
dumb/boring/too hard/too easy/etc.,
so why should I put my effort into it?

Why does it matter? My (pick
one of the following)
teacher/parent/guardian
doesn’t care if I do it.
Every
b
I didn’t know else d ody I didn’t
oe
that I had to Why n s it. understand the
o t me
cite my too? , assignment
sources. and I needed
some help.

The assignment was

I didn’t h
Why does it matter? My (pick ave the t
work on ime to do
one of the following) my own. the
work/reh I had
teacher/parent/guardian earsal/pr
actice/et
doesn’t care if I do it. c.
Every
b
oe
I had to. I that I had to Why n s it. understand the
need to o t me
have good sources. and I needed
grades. some help.

The assignment was

I didn’t h
Why does it matter? My (pick ave the t
work on ime to do
one of the following) my own. the
work/reh I had
teacher/parent/guardian earsal/pr
actice/et
doesn’t care if I do it. c.
Every
b
oe
I had to. I that I had to Why n s it. understand the
need to o t me
have good sources. and I needed
grades. some help.

The assignment was

Have you heard any
of those before?

But those excuses don’t cut it…

There is no acceptable excuse for
plagiarism.

Plagiarism is cheating
(and it will be treated as such if it is
found in your work).
Look at these real life examples…

Real Life Plagiarism Scandals
Doris Kearns
Goodwin, a Pulitzer
Prize winning
historian, was forced
to step down from
the Pulitzer board
after she was found
to have accidentally
used another’s words
in one of her books.
Kirpatrick, David D. “Author Goodwin Resigns from Pulitzer
Hostetter, Janet. 6 Apr 2006. Associated Press Board.” New York Times. (1 June 2002.) 5 Aug. 2008.
Images. 5 Aug 2008. <http://apimages.ap.org> <http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?
res=9C06E7D7143AF932A35755C0A9649C8B63>.

After being accused
of rampant
plagiarism in her
work, tenured
professor Madonna
G. Constantine was
fired from her
position at Columbia
University.
Santora, Marc. “Columbia Professor in Noose Case Is
Fired on Plagiarism Charges.” New York Times. (24 June
Bondafeff, Dian. 10 Oct. 2007. Associated Press 2008.) 5 Aug. 2008.
<http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/24/nyregion/24columbia.
Images. 5 Aug 2008. <http://apimages.ap.org>. html?scp=1&sq=Madonna%20Constantine%20&st=cse>.

As a reporter for the
New York Times, Jayson
Blair plagiarized or
fabricated in more than
40 stories between 2002
and 2005. He was fired
from his job. The top
two editors of the
newspaper resigned as a
result of the scandal.
“Correcting the Record.” New York Times. 11 May 2003. The New York Times. 5 Aug 2008.
<http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9403E1DB123FF932A25756C0A9659C8B63>

Image: Szymaszek, Jennifer. 12 May 2004.
Associated Press Images. 5 Aug 2008. <http://
apimages.ap.org>

Blair Hornstein was the
valedictorian of her high
school class and had
earned admission to
Harvard University. After
articles Hornstein wrote
for a local newspaper
were discovered to have
been plagiarized, Harvard
University rescinded their
acceptance.
“Blair Hornstein.” The Gothamist. 14 July 2003. 5 Aug. 2008.
<http://gothamist.com/2003/07/14/gothamist.php>. Capuzzo, Jill P. “MOORESTOWN JOURNAL; Seeing Crimson.” New York
Times. (20 July 2003.) 5 Aug. 2008.
<http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?
res=9E00E6D61E3CF933A15754C0A9659C8B63&scp=4&sq=Blair
%20Hornstein%20&st=cse>.

So, as you can see,
plagiarism is a serious offense.

This presentation is part of your
class work so that you know
what plagiarism is
and
how you can avoid it.

Definition of Plagiarism
 Plagiarism is:
• To steal the words or ideas of another
person
• To pass off the words or ideas of
another person as one’s own

 Further:
• It doesn’t matter whether the theft is
intentional or accidental. Either way, it
is plagiarism.

Let’s look at some
hypothetical situations.

For each, determine if the student
plagiarized or did not.
Click on the arrow to move to the next page.

Jack’s Situation
Jack has an English paper due tomorrow.
He read the book and paid attention
during class, but he has no idea what to
write about.
Jack logs onto the Internet “just to get some
ideas about topics for his paper.”
He finds a great idea and begins writing his
paper using the topic he found. He is very
careful to avoid copying any text or words
from the Internet article he found.

Is this plagiarism? Yes No

You must choose from the blue
buttons at the bottom of the page.

Read the situation and then choose
one of the options presented.

Click here to
return to previous slide

You said…
Jack did plagiarize.
You are right. Jack’s actions constitute
plagiarism.
• Jack is committing plagiarism by taking
the ideas of the source without citing
them in the paper.
• Even though he put the ideas in his own
words, Jack is stealing the intellectual
property of the source.

You said…
Jack did not plagiarize.
You are wrong. Jack’s actions constitute
plagiarism.
• Jack is committing plagiarism by taking the
ideas of the source without citing them in the
paper.
• Even though he put the ideas in his own
words, Jack is stealing the intellectual property
of the source. You are wrong. Jack’s actions
constitute plagiarism.
• He could avoid plagiarism if he cites the source
of the ideas in his paper.

Jill’s Situation
During history class, Jill is asked to
find some background on Fidel
Castro’s rise to power.
Jill does a Google search and arrives at
Wikipedia’s article on Fidel Castro.
Without using quotation marks, Jill
cuts and pastes several sentences
from Wikipedia into her assignment.


You said…
Jill did plagiarize.
You are right. Jill’s actions constitute
plagiarism.
• By taking the words from the Wikipedia
article, Jill is committing plagiarism.
• She can avoid plagiarizing by quoting
the article in her assignment and
including an entry that describes the
source in a bibliography at the end of
her paper.

You said…
Jill did not plagiarize.
You are wrong. Jill’s actions constitute
plagiarism.
• By taking the words from the Wikipedia
article, Jill is committing plagiarism.
• She can avoid plagiarizing by quoting
the article in her assignment and
including an entry that describes the
source in a bibliography at the end of
her paper.

Gretel’s Situation
Gretel is a freshman who feels
overwhelmed by the high school.
When her science teacher assigns a
short worksheet on genetics, Gretel
is confused and frustrated.
During lunch, Gretel “borrows” her
friend’s paper and copies the
answers onto her own paper.


You said…
Gretel did plagiarize.
You are right. Gretel’s actions
• Even if Gretel’s friend gave permission
for Gretel to copy her work, it is still
plagiarism.
• Gretel is guilty of plagiarism. She tried
to take credit for the words and ideas of
another person.

You said…
Gretel did not plagiarize.
You are wrong. Gretel’s actions
• Even if Gretel’s friend gave permission
for Gretel to copy her work, it is still
plagiarism.
• When a student attempts to take credit
for the words and ideas of another
person without acknowledging the
original source of the work

Think you’ve got it?

Read the following…

(and pay attention! There will be a quiz
on this information at the end!)

Definition of Plagiarism
 Plagiarism is:
• To steal the words or ideas of another
person

• To pass off the words or ideas of
another person as one’s own

• It doesn’t matter whether the theft is
intentional or accidental. Either way, it
is plagiarism.

How to Avoid Plagiarism
 Cite the source of any idea or words
you take from anyone else.

 Carefully mark the beginning and
end of the source’s words or idea.

 Provide a bibliography to show where
the borrowed material originated.

OK, I get it…
there are penalties for
plagiarizing because it
is stealing someone
else’s words or ideas.

But,
if I am not caught,
I won’t be penalized.

So, what is the
benefit of citing my
sources?

Four good reasons for citing
sources in your work:
• Citing reliable information gives
credibility to your work.
• Cheating is unethical behavior.
• It is only fair to give credit to the
source—otherwise, you are stealing
the source’s ideas.
• The consequences are severe—
plagiarism is not worth the risk.

You probably have two
questions:

(1) What do I need to cite?

(2) How do I cite?

Read on for the answers…

What do I need to cite?
Did you
 This chart will think of Yes.
it?
help you decide
what must be No.
cited.
• It was created by
Robert A. Harris in Is it
The Plagiarism common
Yes.
Handbook. knowledge?

No.

Cite it. Do not cite it.

So—the rule is:
Did you
think of Yes.
If you created it it?
without any help,
No.
you do not need
to cite the source.
Is it
common
If you did not knowledge?
Yes.

create the
No.
content, you must
cite the source.

The one exception to
that rule is for
“common knowledge.”
Did you
You do not need to think of Yes.
it?
cite the source of an
unoriginal piece of No.
information IF:

(1) an educated
person should know Is it
common
the information, knowledge?
Yes.

OR
No.
(2) it is a fact that
could be found in an Do not cite it.
Cite it.
encyclopedia.

So, you don’t need to cite a fact,

but you must cite the source of opinions
and ideas that are not your own.

And, you must cite anytime you use the exact
words of the source—even if the words are
presenting common knowledge.

So, you don’t need to cite a fact,
for example: Harper Lee wrote To Kill a Mockingbird.
OR
Harper Lee was born in 1926.

but you must cite the source of opinions
and ideas that are not your own.
for example: Dorothy Gale believes that Lord of the Flies is an inspiring story (75).
OR
According to Joe Smith, Piggy represents the human spirit (15).

And, you must cite anytime you use the exact
words of the source—even if the words are
presenting common knowledge.
You must always cite the source of ANY direct quotation.

Take one
Did you
more look think of
it?
Yes.

at this No.

chart!
Is it
common
If the idea and knowledge?
Yes.

the words are
No.
yours, you do
not need to cite.

So, let’s check to see that you
understand when you need to cite
the source and when you don’t…

Answer the following questions and
choose the correct answer.

Test Case #1
Jack isn’t sure if he needs to cite the source of the
information below. He found the fact online.

“Abraham Lincoln was our 16th president.”
What do you think? What should Jack do? Pick one of
the answers below.

Cite the source. Do not cite the
This means he will:
(1) Either: source.
a) Surround with quotation marks, or This means that the information is a
b) Put the quotation into his own words, commonly reported fact. It is generally
changing the syntax, structure, known and available from many sources.
& organization
(1) Jack should verify the information in at
(2) Include a lead-in giving the source’s name, least two sources, then

(3) Give the page number, and (2) Jack will write the well-known
information in his own words.
(4) List the source in a bibliography

You must choose one of the
buttons at the bottom of the page.

Read the situation and then choose
one of the options presented.

Click here to
return to previous slide

You are incorrect.
In this case,
citation is not necessary.
 Jack does not need to cite the source
or quote the information because it
is general knowledge.
 Abraham Lincoln’s status as the 16th
President of the US is a fact that is
verifiable in many places. Therefore,
Jack can use the information without
citation.

You are correct!
Jack does not need to cite this
information.
 Jack does not need to cite the source
or quote the information because it
is general knowledge.
 Abraham Lincoln’s status as the 16th
President of the US is a fact that is
verifiable in many places. Therefore,
Jack can use the information without
citation.

Test Case #2
In her paper on Affirmative Action, Jill found one source that
explained that Affirmative Action “evens the field of play by
forcing equality among all players.”

In her paper, Jill uses the phrase “forcing equality” but she puts
all the other parts of the source into her own words.
What should Jill do? Pick one of the answers below.

Cite the source. Not cite the source.
This means she will: This means that the information is generally
(1) Either: known and available from multiple sources.
a) Surround with quotation marks, or
b) Put the quotation into her own words, (1) Jill should verify the information in at
changing the syntax, structure, least two sources, then
& organization
(2) Jill will write the well-known
(2) Include a lead-in giving the source’s name,
(3) Give the page number, and
(3) Jill should make a bibliographic citation
(4) List the source in a bibliography for use on her Works Consulted page.

You are correct!
Jill must cite this information.
 Jill needs to cite the source of the
paraphrase because the idea belongs
to the source.
 Further, because Jill uses the unique
phrase “forcing equality,” she must
include that phrase in quotation
marks, indicating that it is a direct
quotation from the source.

You are incorrect.
In this case, citation is necessary.
 Jill needs to cite the source of the
paraphrase because the idea belongs
to the source.
 Further, because Jill uses the unique
phrase “forcing equality,” she must
include that phrase in quotation
marks, indicating that it is a direct
quotation from the source.

Test Case #3
Gretel found a very helpful article in an online
database. She very carefully made sure that she
rewrote the content of the article using her own
personal style; she changed the author’s syntax and
organization so that it fit seamlessly into her paper.

What should Gretel do?
Cite the source. Not cite the source.
This means she will: This means that the information is generally
(1) Either: known and available from multiple sources.
a) Surround with quotation marks, or
b) Put the quotation into his own words, (1) Gretel should verify the information in at
changing the syntax, structure, least two sources, then
& organization
(2) Gretel will write the well-known
(2) Include a lead-in giving the source’s name,
(3) Give the page number, and
(3) Gretel must include a bibliographic citation
(4) List the source in a bibliography on her Works Consulted page.

You are correct.
In this case, citation is required.
 Gretel paraphrases the source’s idea
and content. She must give credit to
the source.
 She must provide her audience with
the source of the idea that she
borrowed.

You are incorrect!
Gretel must cite the source of this
information, even though she put it
in her own words.
 Gretel paraphrases the ideas of the
source, so she must cite the identity
of the source.
 Gretel must provide her audience
with the source of the material that
she borrowed.

So, you can identify what
must have a citation…

Now you need to know
how to use and cite a
source!

How to Cite a Source
 It’s easy. Just provide your audience with
the source of any ideas or words that are
not your own.
• First, carefully mark the beginning and end of
the source’s words or idea.
• Then, provide a bibliography to show where the
borrowed material originated.

 In fact, listing your sources shows your
audience that you are an informed, well-
researched writer!

How to Cite Direct Quotations
 Provide a bibliographic entry to show where the
borrowed material originated.
 Park, Beth L. Understanding William Golding’s Lord of
the Flies. Lebo University Press: Pittsburgh, PA, 2008.

 Carefully mark the beginning and end of the
source’s words or idea.
• Use a signal phrase to introduce the source.
• Use quotation marks to surround the words of the
source.
• Provide the page number (or another citation) after
the closing quotation marks.

• EXAMPLE:
 According to literary critic Beth L. Parks, Piggy finds
peace through “his search for the height of his own
potential” (24).

How to Cite Paraphrases
 Provide a bibliographic entry to show where the borrowed
material originated.
 Park, Beth L. Understanding William Golding’s Lord of the Flies.
Lebo University Press: Pittsburgh, PA, 2008.

 Carefully mark the beginning and end of the source’s
material.
• Use a signal phrase to introduce the source
• Put the source’s original words into your own words:
 It isn’t just about using synonyms to replace words.
 You must change the syntax, sentence structure, & organization of
the original.
 If you find yourself just changing a word here or there, ask yourself
if a direct quotation would work. If it would work, then use a direct
quotation.
• Provide the page number (or another citation) after the closing
quotation marks.

• EXAMPLE:
 According to literary critic Beth L. Parks, Piggy protects
his self-esteem by disciplining the other boys (24).

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Can you identify plagiarism
when you see it?
 Try the following four examples. On
each you will see the source material
and the student’s usage of that
material.

 Use the buttons at the bottom of the
screen to choose if the example
shows acceptable use or plagiarism.

Acceptable Use or Plagiarism?
Example 1

Original text from Student’s Text:
the source:
One reason that Lincoln was well-liked during
Integrity must be sincere. his lifetime was that his integrity was sincere.
That’s one reason A person’s statements and dealings with the
Lincoln was so admired in world allows that person to be judged as
his lifetime. Through an honest.
individual’s words, deeds,
and actions, integrity can
be judged to be genuine.
Student’s Bibliography:
No references given.
Donald T. Phillips. Lincoln on
Leadership. (52)

CHOOSE ONE: Acceptable Use Plagiarism

You said that the example showed
Acceptable Use

You are incorrect.
 Use the arrow at the bottom of this
screen to return to the example.

 Reread the example and see if you
can determine why it is plagiarism.

Plagiarism

You are correct!
 The student put the author’s idea
into her own words; however, she
did not give credit to the source of
the idea.

Example 2

the source:
Phillips believes that the populace’s admiration
Integrity must be sincere. for Lincoln stems from his integrity and honesty
That’s one reason (52).
Lincoln was so admired in
his lifetime. Through an
Phillips, Donald T. Lincoln on Leadership:
Executive Strategies for Tough Times. Warner
Leadership. (52)
Books: New York, 1992.


Acceptable Use
You are correct!
 The student clearly marked the boundaries of the
paraphrase:
• Providing the author’s name at the beginning of the
paraphrase shows where Phillips’ idea starts.
• Providing the page number at the end of the paraphrase
shows where Phillips’ idea ends.

 The reference on the bibliography page is accurate.

Plagiarism

You are incorrect!

can determine why this usage is
acceptable.

Example 3

the source:
Lincoln was so admired in his lifetime because
Integrity must be sincere. he had integrity. Integrity must be sincere.
That’s one reason Through an individual’s words, deed, and
Lincoln was so admired in actions, integrity can be judged to be genuine.
No references given.
Leadership. (52)


Acceptable Use

You are incorrect!

can determine why it is plagiarism.

Plagiarism

You are correct!
 The student used the exact words of
the source without providing any
indication of their origin.
 A reader would believe that this
passage is the work of the student.

Example 4

the source:
During his lifetime, people admired Lincoln
Integrity must be sincere. because his words, deeds and actions
That’s one reason demonstrated his sincere, genuine integrity.
Lincoln was so admired in
Phillips, Donald T. Lincoln on Leadership:
Executive Strategies for Tough Times. Warner
Leadership. (52)
Books: New York, 1992.


Plagiarism

You are correct!
 The student changed the order of the
words and the structure of the
sentences; however, he did not give
credit to the Phillips’ book as the
source of the idea.

So, to review…
 Plagiarism is a serious offense. Not
only does it carry heavy penalties,
but your integrity is damaged when
you plagiarize.
 Plagiarism is easily avoidable—just
cite the sources when you use the
words or ideas of another person.

 If you have any questions, see your
teacher or school librarian!

Final Directions:
 Your teacher has a written quiz for you to
take on the subject of plagiarism.
 At the end of the quiz is an honor code
statement. You will sign it in order to
verify that you have receive this training.
 You will then have your parent sign the
honor code.
 Your English teacher will collect these
signed forms.

Sources Consulted
DeSena, Laura Hennessey. Preventing Plagiarism:
Tips and Techniques. National Council of
Teachers of English: Urbana, IL, 2007.

Harris, Robert A. The Plagiarism Handbook:
Strategies for Preventing, Detecting, and Dealing
with Plagiarism. Pyrczak Publishing: Los Angeles,
2001.

Valenza, Joyce Kasman. “What is Plagiarism? (And
Why You Should Care).” Springfield High School
Media Center Information Literacy Lessons.
Springfield School District.

End of presentation.
 If you have questions or suggestions,
please see your teacher or e-mail
Ms. Kramer, the MLHS librarian:
mkramer@mtlsd.net

10 plagiarism tutorial2012

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