Looking Inside the MySQL 8.0 Document Store

Looking Inside the MySQL
Document Store
A JSON Document Store with all the benefits
of a traditional RDBMS (DEV2902)
Frédéric Descamps
Community Manager
MySQL
September 2019
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Safe Harbor
The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purpose only, and
may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality,
and should not be relied up in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, timing and pricing of any
features or functionality described for Oracle's product may change and remains at the sole discretion of Oracle
Corporation.
Statement in this presentation relating to Oracle's future plans, expectations, beliefs, intentions and ptospects are
"forward-looking statements" and are subject to material risks and uncertainties. A detailed discussion of these
factors and other risks that a ect our business is contained in Oracle's Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC) lings, including our most recent reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q under the heading "Risk Factors".
These lings are available on the SEC's website or on Oracle's website at h p://www.oracle.com/investor. All
information in this presentation is current as of September 2019 and Oracle undertakes no duty to update any
statement in light of new information or future events.
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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about.me/lefred
Who am I ?
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Frédéric Descamps
@lefred
MySQL Evangelist
Managing MySQL since 3.23
devops believer
living in Belgium 🇧🇪
h ps://lefred.be
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MySQL 8.0
a Document Store with all the benefits of
a RDBMS
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Why ?
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Why ?
Developers don't really like SQL anymore...

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Why ?
SQL can be complicated and slows down the initial development
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easy operations
What do developers want ?
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Use Objects / Documents
Developers want just to use objects
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that's why they usually love what DBAs hate the most ORMs !).
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They want to deal with these objects easily (CRUD operations) and they don't want to think
about schema design (slows down the initial development process).
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They want to deal with these objects easily (CRUD operations) and they don't want to think
about schema design (slows down the initial development process).
But they also want to keep their data safe and use transactions.
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MySQL as RDBMS
Relational Databases
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Data Integrity
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Data Integrity
normalization
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Data Integrity
normalization
constraints (foreign keys, ...)
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Data Integrity
normalization
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
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Data Integrity
normalization
ACID compliant
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Data Integrity
normalization
ACID compliant
transactions
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Data Integrity
normalization
ACID compliant
transactions
SQL
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Data Integrity
normalization
ACID compliant
transactions
SQL
powerfull query language
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MySQL as Document Store
NoSQL Databases
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NoSQL or Document Store
Schemaless
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Schemaless
no schema design, no normalization, no foreign keys, no data types, ...
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Schemaless
very quick initial development
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Schemaless
Flexible data structure
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Schemaless
embedded arrays or objects
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Schemaless
valid solution when natural data can't be modelized optimaly into a relational model
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Schemaless
objects persistance without the use of any ORM - mapping oobject-oriented
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Schemaless
JSON
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Schemaless
JSON
close to frontend
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Schemaless
JSON
close to frontend
easy to learn
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How DBAs see data
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How DBAs see data How Developers see
data
{
"GNP" : 249704,
"Name" : "Belgium",
"government" : {
"GovernmentForm" :
"Constitutional Monarchy, Federation",
"HeadOfState" : "Philippe I"
},
"_id" : "BEL",
"IndepYear" : 1830,
"demographics" : {
"Population" : 10239000,
"LifeExpectancy" : 77.8000030517578
},
"geography" : {
"Region" : "Western Europe",
"SurfaceArea" : 30518,
"Continent" : "Europe"
}
}
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What if there was a way to provide both SQL
and NoSQL on one stable platform that has
proven stability on well know technology with a
large Community and a diverse ecosystem ?
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DBMS or NoSQL ?
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DBMS or NoSQL ?
Why not both ?
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The MySQL Document Store !
SQL is now optional ?!
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SQL is now optional ?!
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Developers:
[x] schemaless
[x] rapid prototying/simpler APIs
[x] document model
[x] transactions
Operations:
[x] performance
management/visibility
[x] robust replication, backup, restore
[x] comprehensive tooling ecosystem
[x] simpler application schema
upgrades
Business Owner:
[x] don't lose my data == ACID trx
[x] capture all my data = extensible/schemaless
[x] product on schedule/time to market = rapid
developement
A solution for all
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MySQL Document Store
the Solution
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Built on
the MySQL
JSON Data
type and
Proven
MySQL
Server
Technology
Provides a schema exible JSON Document Store
No SQL required
No need to de ne all possible a ributes, tables, etc.
Uses new X DevAPI
Can leverage generated column to extract JSON values into
materialized columns that can be indexed for fast SQL searches.
Document can be ~1GB
It's a column in a row of a table
It cannot exceed max_allowed_packet
Allows use of modern programming styles
No more embedded strings of SQL in your code
Easy to read
Also works with relational Tables
Proven MySQL Technology
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X Protocol Connectors
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X DevAPI We provide connectors for
C++, Java, .Net, Node.js, Python, PHP
working with Communities to help them supporting it too
New MySQL Shell
Command Completion
Python, JavaScrips & SQL modes
Admin functions
New Util object
A new high-level session concept that can scale from single
MySQL Server to a multiple server environment
Non-blocking, asynchronous calls follow common language
pa erns
Supports CRUD operations
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PY
JS
SQL
>
MySQL 8.0
Upgrade Checker
Auto Completion
&
Command History
Output
Formats
(table, json, tabs)
Prompt
Themes
Batch
Execution
5.7
8.0
JS
Document
Store
X dev API
SQL CLI InnoDB
Cluster
importJSON
JSJS
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Setup
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Installing MySQL Document Store
install MySQL 8.0
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install MySQL 8.0
install MySQL Shell
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install MySQL 8.0
install MySQL Shell
install MySQL Connector for your programming language
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install MySQL 8.0
install MySQL Shell
php-pecl-mysql-xdevapi for PHP
mysql-connector-python for Python
...
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install MySQL 8.0
install MySQL Shell
php-pecl-mysql-xdevapi for PHP
mysql-connector-python for Python
...
And nothing else, no need to install anything else or load any plugin, just be sure your
rewall allows you to connect through port 33060 (X Protocol).
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Migration from MongoDB to MySQL DS
For this example, I will use the well known restaurants collection:
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Migration from MongoDB to MySQL DS
For this example, I will use the well known restaurants collection:
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Let's make a query
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Let's make a query
That's too much records to show in here... let's limit it
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Some more examples
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Let's add a selection criteria:
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Using IN...
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Syntax slightly different than MongoDB
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Syntax slightly different than MongoDB
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And for developers ?
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$session = mysql_xdevapigetSession("mysqlx://fred:MyP@ssw0rd%@localhost");
$schema = $session->getSchema("docstore");
$collection = $schema->getCollection("restaurants");
$results = $collection-> nd($search)->execute()->fetchAll();
...
foreach ($results as $doc) {
echo "<tr><td><a href='?id=${doc[_id]}'>${doc[name]}</a></td>";
echo "<td>${doc[borough]}</td><td>${doc[cuisine]}</td></tr>";
}
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...
}

Easy, using only CRUD operations !
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...
}

Easy, using only CRUD operations !
Not a single SQL statement !
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CRUD operations
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CRUD operations for collections
Add a document
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Add a document
collection.add({ name: 'fred', age: 42 })
.add({ name: 'dave', age: 23 })
.execute()
collection.add([
{ name: 'dimo', age: 50 },
{ name: 'kenny', age: 25 }
]).execute()
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Modify a document
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Modify a document
collection.modify('name = :name')
.bind('name', 'fred')
.set('age', 43)
.sort('name ASC')
.limit(1)
.execute()
collection.modify('name = :name')
.patch({ age: 43, active: false })
.sort('name DESC')
.limit(1)
.execute()
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Remove a document
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Remove a document
collection.remove('name = :name')
.sort('age ASC')
.limit(1)
.execute()
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MySQL Document Store Objects Summary
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All you need to know is here:
h ps://dev.mysql.com/doc/x-devapi-userguide/en/crud-operations-overview.html
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we do care about your data
MySQL Document Store is Full ACID
Compliant
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Document Store Full ACID !
It relies on the proven MySQL InnoDB's strength & robustness:
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innodb_ ush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
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innodb_doublewrite = ON
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sync_binlog = 1
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sync_binlog = 1
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ|READ-COMMITTED|...
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sync_binlog = 1
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ|READ-COMMITTED|...
We do care about your data !
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MySQL DS Full ACID - Transactions support
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MySQL DS Full ACID - Transactions support
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OK we have Document Store, CRUD and ACID
but what makes MySQL Document Store
unique ?
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Challenge: list the best restaurant of each type
of food and show the top 10, with the best one
first !

don't forget that all these restaurants are just JSON documents
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NoSQL as SQL - aggregation
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NoSQL or SQL
You have the possibility to write clean and neat code:
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NoSQL or SQL
$results = $collection-> nd('cuisine like "italian"')->execute()->fetchAll();
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NoSQL or SQL
Or use SQL only when it's really needed:
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NoSQL or SQL
$results = $session->sql('WITH cte1 AS (SELECT doc->>"$.name" AS name,
doc->>"$.cuisine" AS cuisine,
(SELECT AVG(score) FROM JSON_TABLE(doc, "$.grades[*]" COLUMNS (score INT
PATH "$.score")) AS r) AS avg_score FROM docstore.restaurants)
SELECT *, RANK()
OVER ( PARTITION BY cuisine ORDER BY avg_score) AS `rank`
FROM cte1 ORDER BY `rank`, avg_score DESC LIMIT 10;')->execute();
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NoSQL or SQL
$results = $session->sql('WITH cte1 AS (SELECT doc->>"$.name" AS name,
doc->>"$.cuisine" AS cuisine,
(SELECT AVG(score) FROM JSON_TABLE(doc, "$.grades[*]" COLUMNS (score INT
PATH "$.score")) AS r) AS avg_score FROM docstore.restaurants)
SELECT *, RANK()
OVER ( PARTITION BY cuisine ORDER BY avg_score) AS `rank`
FROM cte1 ORDER BY `rank`, avg_score DESC LIMIT 10;')->execute();
All in the same MySQL X Session !
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You can mix NoSQL & SQL as you want
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Best of Both Worlds: JSON_TABLE
What are the maximum 10 ratings ever given to a restaurant?
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Best of Both Worlds: JSON_TABLE
What are the maximum 10 ratings ever given to a restaurant?
Cool... but my app only process JSON !
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Best of Both Worlds: JSON_TABLE (2)
With JSON output:
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And the DBA ?
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Role of the MySQL Document Store DBA ?
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nd the non optimal lookups
create the necessary indexes based on
the results

Role of the MySQL Document Store DBA ?
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Role of the MySQL Document Store DBA
Looking for full table scans:
SELECT schema_name, sum_rows_examined, (sum_rows_examined/exec_count) avg_rows_call,
format_time(total_latency) tot_lat, exec_count,
format_time(total_latency/exec_count) AS latency_per_call, query_sample_text
FROM sys.x$statements_with_full_table_scans AS t1
JOIN performance_schema.events_statements_summary_by_digest AS t2
ON t2.digest=t1.digest
WHERE schema_name = "docstore" AND query_sample_text LIKE '%select%'
ORDER BY (total_latency/exec_count) descG
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Role of the MySQL Document Store DBA
Looking for full table scans:
SELECT schema_name, sum_rows_examined, (sum_rows_examined/exec_count) avg_rows_call,
format_time(total_latency) tot_lat, exec_count,
format_time(total_latency/exec_count) AS latency_per_call, query_sample_text
FROM sys.x$statements_with_full_table_scans AS t1
JOIN performance_schema.events_statements_summary_by_digest AS t2
ON t2.digest=t1.digest
WHERE schema_name = "docstore" AND query_sample_text LIKE '%select%'
ORDER BY (total_latency/exec_count) descG
More info at h ps://lefred.be/content/mysql-8-0-if-i-should-optimize-only-one-query-
on-my-application-which-one-should-it-be/
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Role of the MySQL Document Store DBA (2)
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Getting the Query Explain Plan:
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Getting the Query Explain Plan:
It's indeed a full table scan ! What should we do ?
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Create Indexes:
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Create Indexes:
For the "old" experienced MySQL DBAs, you can instead use:
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INFO: JSON Notation Shortcut
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Result:
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For the curious: a collection in SQL:
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NEW in MySQL 8.0.17
Multi-valued indexes
JSON_CONTAINS()
MEMBER OF() new
JSON_OVERLAPS() new
JSON Schema
JSON_SCHEMA_VALID(<json schema>,<json doc>) new
JSON_SCHEMA_VALIDATION_REPORT(<json schema>,<json doc>) new
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JSON Multi-Valued Indexes 8.0.17
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JSON Multi-Valued Indexes 8.0.17 (2)
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JSON Schema Validation 8.0.17
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JSON Schema Validation (2) 8.0.17
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De ne the validation as a constraint:
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De ne the validation as a constraint:
And the result in action:
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what do I gain ?
Conclusion
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schemaless
exible data structure
easy to start (CRUD)
Conclusion
This is the best of the two worlds in one product !
Data integrity
ACID Compliant
Transactions
SQL
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http://lefred.be/content/top-10-reasons-for-
nosql-with-mysql/
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Thank you !
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Looking Inside the MySQL 8.0 Document Store

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