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Plagiarism Essay Examples
Taking someone's words and using them without a proper citation is a problem. Without being
taught the correct way, this problem is not going to correct itself and will continue to become a
bigger problem. There are major consequences for plagiarising, but these can be avoided with a
simple citation. Tying together the definition ofplagiarism, reasons for using documentation, and an
explanation of MLA 8 and APA citations will all be brought together. Learning what kind ofcitation,
and what needs a citation is a very important concept in becoming a successful writer. Citing a source
correctly will save you time and problems.
There are many different definitions of the word plagiarism. Merriam–Webster's dictionary
definition, also...show more content...
These students were taught a life lesson, something that they will never do again. Being taught,
the correct way, at a young age will solve many of the problems that we have today. Becoming
aware of the consequences that this could lead to would be worth the extra time citing a
document, or writing your own paper. Taking someone's words or writing could lead to loss of job
/school, fines, and so much more. To avoid these problems, a simple citation will help anyone
become aware that you did give credit to the author. Jim Carnett published an article in the Los
Angeles Times stating that he had tried to submit a column to an editor but they sent it back because
it contained plagiarised material. Carnett said, "I lifted a portion of one of my columns and inserted
it in the Daily Pilot piece without attribution." He hadn't cited his own work and now what he did
was plagiarism. To Carnett, this was a total accident, but this shows that you should cite any
information that you use. Although there are arguments that there is no such thing as plagiarism, "If
a novelist uses a non–fiction book for research, how is that stealing? Non–fiction promises facts,
there is no copyright in facts, ergo no stealing..." (Independent.co.uk) it is always best to give credit
to the source that you received the information from; thus not having a chance of plagiarism.
Having a correct citation for a source is very
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Reflection Of A Reflection On Academic Skills
REFLECTION–ACADEMIC SKILLS
When the word reflection is mentioned, the first thought is a mirror–like image of yourself. This is
to define your own perception of the acceptable and poor quality within yourself. Taking action of
the weaknesses and developing my skills to improve me around everyone, (Stadter, 2015). Gibbs
Reflective Cycle (1988), a framework for students to resolve problems in assignments, step by
step, I will reflect on my own problems, (UK Essays, 2013). My previous goal was to study in a
university and now that I have accomplished that goal, my next goal is to complete the course with a
strong grade. But the reality of achieving the Foundation Degree is a much harder concept than what
I first thought, having...show more content...
"Experience–reflection–knowledge" Pawar and Anscombe, (2015), has mentioned Dewey (1933) is a
great example of how planning ahead is a step towards better success rather than dwelling on the past
problems. Implementing Dewey 's theory into my assignment, assisting my understanding of how to
support ideas with evidence such as deciding whether I have included all the information needed, the
author/publisher or whether I have referenced continuously throughout the assignments. When
previously writing assignments I need to consider how well it was written, learning from the
mistakes, understanding the feedbacks and setting out times to do better next time (Percival
2006). While referencing is a struggle for me to apply, Kell and Vogl (2010) stated that
overcoming referencing can be done by reading different books, journals, and articles of interest.
Subsequently, after analysing the problem, I realised I try to be a perfectionist, causing a hindrance
in producing assignments. I need to start believing in myself much more and be more inspired, as
Percival, (2006) has mentioned that "being too sensitive will block your progress", by doing
time–bound goals and starting the assignment rather than thinking about the purpose. Percival
(2006), has also said putting our energy into the solution rather than the problem will be an
advantage to our mindset. Realisation of putting a pen to the paper to start, a draft can be
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The Importance of Citation in Academic Writing
The Importance of Citing in Academic Writing
Many students today fail to understand the importance of citing sources when they write academic
papers. Furthermore, some only cite sources because they are concerned about the grade that they
are going to get if their paper is not complete. Plagiarism has become a common practice as
individuals prefer to steal intellectual information from others. The ability to create is one of
humanity's most important talents and it is wrong for someone to rob an individual of his or her
right to put across his or her creativity. Most people understand the unfairness of committing
plagiarism when their ideas are stolen and used without their consent and with the person who
committed this immorality expressing no interest in referencing them.
Academic writing encompasses a complex set of concepts and a person who wants to do it needs
to get actively engaged in writing a document is likely to be reviewed by a group of scholars
familiar with the subject under discussion. A citation is basically "a signpost and an
acknowledgement" (Hunter). The fact that it is a signpost means that it provides readers with
information regarding where they can find the source of the writer's inspiration. Its value as an
acknowledgement relates to how the writer needs to put across his or her appreciation in regard to
the sources that he or she used.
In the academic world writers can only function by using sources and this is largely what keeps this
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Harvard Referencing Guide
debate
ana
A guide to the Harvard referencing system
Maureen Dwyer
This article explains how to reference an academic work using the Harvard system. Instructions
comply with the relevant British standards, i.e. BS 5605:1990, BS 1629:1989 and BS 6371:1983.
The importance of referencing in an approved manner is discussed and problem areas such as joint
authors, corporate authorship and unpublished works are examined. The issue of second–hand
references that are not addressed by the standards is also explained–
T
he Harvard system is a popular referencing system for academic works and is Ah( often referred to
as the 'author/date ' system, which distinguishes it from the Vancouver or 'numerical ' system. To be
more specific, it...show more content...
exact date is not known, an approximate date followed by a question mark can be given, e.g. (16th
century?). Where no date is given or can be found, (No date) or the .lbbrcviation (ND) should be
stated. Title: Always use the title on the title piige. Give the full title, although the inclusion of the
subtitle is optional. Journal titles should be given in full, with abbreviations used only in
accordance with BS 4148 (BSI, 1985). If referring to a whole journal – not just an article within it –
give the journal name and its International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), e.g.
Journal of Ecology, ISSN 0022–0477.
Reference: Dickinson EJ (1991) Quality hospitals: the role of medical audit. Geriatric Medicine 21:
27–8, 31–2. Citations in the text # Use only the author*s/s ' surname(s) and year of publication,
with the addition of page number(s) if required, e.g. (Swann, 1981, p. 10). # Where sense demands,
the name of the author(s) can be incorporated into the text, e.g. Strauss and Ziegler (1975) outline
the main goals of the Delphi technique, with Turoff (1970) identifying four secondary goals. # If
two or more works by the same author(s) have the same publication date, they should be
distinguished by adding lower case letters after the date, e.g. (Tschudin, 1992b).
Finalised reference list
Edition: It is important to state second or further
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Running head: PROPER CITATION, QUOTATION AND REFERENCING Proper Citation,
Quotation and Referencing Using The Publication Manual of the APA, 6th Edition Sample Paper
Free Essays Biffy Wentworth University PROPER CITATION, QUOTATION AND
REFERENCING Proper Citation, Quotation and Referencing Using The Publication Manual of the
APA, 6th Edition Every student at some time in his or her college career will be called on to write a
term paper for a course. Many students have never learned, or have not been taught, the proper form
of citation, quotation and referencing using the Publication Manual of the APA. When students use
citations incorrectly, they are running the risk that they are plagiarizing the...show more content...
The student makes a statement, and should then follow it with a source within the body of the
paper as proof. The scheme of events will look like this: student PROPER CITATION,
QUOTATION AND REFERENCING statement, then proof (with citation in the body of the paper),
statement, then proof. The reader will appreciate the proof as backup to the statements being made,
and it makes the statements have more power to be backed up by professionals who agree with
what is said. Citations can be paraphrased or quoted directly within the body of the paper. In fact, the
Publication Manual of the APA states that when there are direct quotations, the information varies
depending on whether using print or electric form. When citing print sources, give the "author, year,
and page number in parentheses" (Publication Manual of the APA, 2010, p. 120). When students are
paraphrasing, which means boiling down the phrases into their own words, the idea from the original
source must also be given proper credit. This means that the student should correctly cite, and put
quotations around the text that was used, so that the reader can go back and find the citation and the
context it was used in the original text. Students may also need to make a citation for secondary
sources within the body of a term paper. A secondary source is when the author quotes someone else,
and makes a citation within the text the student
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APA Style Analysis
APA Style Sample
APA (American Psychological Association) style is primarily used in the social science disciplines.
It is formatted like MLA, and shows many similarities, but is unique in several key points.
APA uses parenthetical (or in–text) citations within sentences, but rather than indicating the author's
name and page number, APA includes author's name anddate of publication. The page number,
represented with a p. or a pp., is only added to the citation when using a direct quote (not a summary
or paraphrase). If the author's name is mentioned in the sentence, then place the date of publication in
parentheses directly after the name. If the name is...show more content...
All of the interviewees have been called 'exceptions to the norm' (Strong & Porter, 1998, p.
565).
Note the first example paraphrases an author that is named in the sentence, the second example
paraphrases authors that are not named in the sentence, and the third example provides a direct
quote (thus the inclusion of the page numbers) but also does not identify the authors within the
sentence. If the authors were identified within the sentence in the third example, the authors' names
would be followed by the year of publication and only the page numbers would be in the parentheses
at the end of the quote.
Finally, the bibliographic page in APA style differs from MLA, what APA calls the Reference page.
You will notice a few immediate differences from the MLA Works Cited format. With APA you
include the initial of the author's first name rather than the complete name, the publication date
immediately follows the author's name in parentheses, and titles of articles are not surrounded with
quotation marks (however titles of books, magazines, journals, etc are still underlined). The lists are
still alphabetized by author's last name (or title in the absence of an author) and the first line is flush
left while subsequent lines in the same entry are indented in (approximately 5 spaces or one tab). For
journals and magazines, publication title and volume number are both underlined,
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Harvard Referencing Guide
Harvard System Referencing Guide
1. INTRODUCTION
This guide sets out the Harvard system of referencing to be used in the Thesis and other major
essays submitted as part of the course taught through out the MBA program. It is important to
reference published material that you wish to use in your essay. While referencing is a standard that
is used to avoid plagiarism it also supports a strong scientific method.
To build arguments and provide evidence you mustreference any published resources you use. The
spirit of referencing is embodied in Newton's famous 1676 quote, 'If I have seen further it is by
standing on the shoulders of giants'. It means that Newton's great discoveries were made by building
on the previous work of...show more content...
An individualizing focus may result in undermining 'the capacity for communal action and alienate
the organizational members from the activities that they are required to undertake' (Broadbent, et al.,
1999: 358).
Reference List
Broadbent, J. Jacobs, K. and Laughlin, R. (1999) 'Comparing schools in the U.K. and New Zealand:
Individualizing and socializing accountabilities and some implications for management control'.
Management Accounting Research, 10: 339–361.
5. INTERNET SITES
The variability of internet site quality is problematic for referencing in academic essays. However,
access to annual company reports, press releases, and daily news services provide ample reasons to
utilize the internet in essays. Journal articles obtained over the internet should use the standard
journal format unless the journal is solely in electronic format (see below).
In–Text
Wiegran and Koth's (1999) article on successful online commerce focuses on customer loyalty,
increasing purchases, and higher margin products. They propose five website features to achieve
successful online commerce; Value added information, personalization, intelligent communication,
user generated content, and loyalty incentives (Wiegran and Koth, 1999). Since 1991, the price of
oil has reached its highest in February 2000 and this rise is due to OPEC restrictions on oil
production (BBC, 2000).
Reference List
BBC, (2000, February 19) 'Oil reaches $30 a barrel'. (BBC News),
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Referencing For Plagiarism
Referencing is an essential part of academic writing as it provides authors with credit for their
ideas. Referencing is a requirement of academic writing, which when done correctly, will
acknowledge the contribution of words or an idea (Grellier & Goerke, 2014, p, 68) into the piece of
writing which is being created. However, failure to reference will incur instances of plagiarism.
Grellier and Goerke (2014) state that individual institutions will have a policy on plagiarism and
will treat it very seriously (p. 68). Penalties may apply and stringent testing for plagiarism will be in
place. Therefore, it is imperative that individuals become familiar with correct referencing practices
and apply them appropriately. It is critical to understand
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Reflection Of A Reflection On Academic Skills
REFLECTION–ACADEMIC SKILLS
When the word reflection is mentioned, the first thought is a mirror like image of yourself. This is
to define your own perception of the good and bad quality within yourself. Taking action of the
weaknesses and developing my skills to improve myself around everyone, (Stadter, 2015).
Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988), a framework for students to resolve problems in assignments, step
by step, I will reflect on my own problems, (UK Essays, 2013). My previous goal was to study in a
university and now that I have accomplished that goal, my next goal is to complete the course with a
good grade. But the reality of achieving the Foundation Degree is a much harder concept than what I
first thought, having a writer 's...show more content...
Implementing Dewey 's theory in to my assignment, assisting my understanding on how to support
ideas with evidence such as deciding whether I have included all the information needed, the author
/publisher or whether I have referenced continuously throughout the assignments. When previously
writing assignments I need to consider how well it was written, learning from the mistakes,
understanding the feedbacks and setting out times to do better next time (Percival 2006). While
referencing is a struggle for me to use, Kell and Vogl (2010) stated that overcoming referencing can
be done by reading different books, journals and articles of interest.
After analyzing the problem, I realised I try to be a perfectionist, causing a hindrance in producing
assignments. I need to start believing in myself a lot more and be more inspired, as Percival, (2006)
has mentioned that "being too sensitive will block your progress", by doing time–bound goals and
starting the assignment rather than thinking about the end product. Percival (2006),has also stated
putting our energy into the solution rather than the problem will be an advantage to our mindset.
Realisation of putting a pen to the paper to start, a draft can be perfected as time goes on, mending
the structure to the standard required till the
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When We Are Referencing Organization
When we are referencing organization there are two concepts that standout which influence the
direction and health of the people of the company and these are Trust and Leadership. It seems trust
is something that is lacking when it comes to dealing with many corporate leadership these days.
According to Robbins & Judge in Chapter 13 the definition of Trust is "Trust is a positive
expectation that another will not–through words, actions, or decisions–act opportunislically"
(Robbins & Judge 2009, p 423). The key word would be "opportunislically", there are many different
types of leaders those that are genuinely looking out for the business so it becomes successful and in
turn create an environment of trust among the employees and in the industry. Then there are those
who ultimately have a self–interest at the cost of people livelihood. Trust In my company the later
seems to be very provilant as it is evident with the job dis–satisfaction. We have a CEO that seems to
be only interested in how much money can be squeezed out of the company, thus the eleventh
worst companies to work for. It seemed his goal was to make the company look profitable at the
expense of it's employees so it looks like a good investment to the buyer. This is done by not
giving raises while the CEO take the profits or demanding everyone take time off at a specific time.
If you don't have any vacation time left then you will take it without pay. Then break up the
company and sell it which really
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Hertfordshire Business School Guide to Harvard Referencing
This guide has been produced by the ASU in response to questions from Hertfordshire Business
School (HBS) students about the important subject of accurate referencing. It is essential for you to
reference your work thoroughly because what you write for HBS must be 'evidenced ' – your
discussion and arguments should consist mainly of academic theory and 'expert ' practitioner
experience. These two main sources (theory and practice) MUST be referenced throughout your
writing. Readers must be able to see which words are your own words and any original ideas, and
what sources you have used as evidence to back up your assertions. Good referencing is
ESSENTIAL because:
1) Your...show more content...
If you decide to include the exact words of another author, you must enclose their words with
quotation marks and include the page number in–text, e.g. Schutte (1999:298) asserts "westerners
regarded the Japanese as workaholics". See example 48 on page 14 for examples.
Final list of References: Consistent punctuation and spacing are necessary in the References.
Some general rules apply: * Author or authors' names: * Use only the initials of the author or
authors ' given names. * No full stops are used between initials. * Generational titles, i.e. Junior,
Senior or roman numerals are only included in the References list, e.g. Smith, J., Jr. (2009) ...
Academic prefixes, i.e. Dr. are omitted from the reference. * Titles of works: * Only capitalise
content words for the titles of books, book chapters and journal articles. * In the titles of journals,
magazines and newspapers, capital letters should be used as they appear normally. * Use italics
for the titles of books, journals, and newspapers. * Enclose titles of book chapters and journal
articles in inverted commas (single quotation marks). * Page numbering: * Books: page numbers
are not usually needed in the final list of References. * Journals: page numbers appear as the final
item of the citation, followed by a full stop. In the Reference list, use the abbreviation p. for one
page, and pp. for a page range, e.g.
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Consequences Of Referencing
A student of the University of Newcastle, is like a family member for the time you are studying at
the campus. Once you graduate you look back on that time and realise the support and network
you had to create such an inspiring career. Just like a family when you start to grow or join the
campus you grow to have and learn about morals, values and respects and in this family of Newcastle
University you are to 'have honesty, fairness, trust, accountability and respect.'(University of
Newcastle, Code of Conduct,2008,p1.) However, it is hard to gather these understandings of the
'Code of Conduct' and understand in depth consequences are for the values to be broken.
Plagiarism is defined as 'presenting someone else's work as your own without their...show more
content...
Morals and ethics can get you a long way with understanding the difference of what is right and
wrong, with this scenario of not understanding the idea and concept of working together on the
same assignment I as someone could not see the problem with it, and this is where the controversy
is placed because it is understood as wrong under university of
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Unit 424 Referencing For Research Paper
424 – Task 1.1 Introduction Referencing is when you acknowledge materials used while
researching, including books; papers; websites and other published or unpublished materials.
References are used to acknowledge the parts of your work that are based on information from
other outside sources and have been written by someone else not by yourself. References are a
way to acknowledge the other authors and give them accreditation. If you fail to use references,
what you have written would be classed as plagiarism and will be discredited. When to use
referencing Referencing should be used whenever quotations of an original text is used or you refer
to quotations and paraphrase any content that has been written by someone else. References could
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Advantages And Disadvantages Of APA Writing Style
1. I think that having formatting standards such as APA is very necessary and useful for a clear
communication. When we use an editorial style, we remove the distraction of puzzling over the
correct punctuation for a reference or the proper form for numbers in text. An author writing for a
publication must follow the rules established by the publisher to avoid inconsistencies among
journal articles or book chapters. For example, without rules of style, three different manuscripts
might use sub–categories, subcategories, and Subcategories in one issue of a journal or book.
Although the meaning of the word is the same (in this case, subcategories is APA Style), such
variations in style may distract or confuse the reader. To sum up the need for a consistent style
becomes more apparent when complex material is presented, such as tables or statistics.
2. There are advantages and disadvantages in using an APA style.
Let's start with benefits: One major advantage of the APA writing style is that it encourages direct
exposition of your research and emphasizes your original ideas being reported. This precision is
complemented by a straightforward manuscript structure that includes a title page, abstract, body,
reference list and, if applicable, appendices. Also, APA citations include a brief reference in the
body of your text paired with a full citation in your reference list. Citations within the text should list
last name of the author and that author's publication date, followed by a page number if the citation
involves a direct quotation. In addition, the APA writing and citation style ensures you are giving
adequate credit to others for prior work and allows the reader to easily track your references. What
is more adopting the APA writing style guarantees that both the structure of your paper and the
format of your citations are consistent throughout. The clarity of your writing along with a precise
citation format works to establish your credibility, and it reflects the extent of your research.
On the other side the drawbacks in using such a style are: Firstly, the APA manual has a rule for just
about every aspect of writing. You will find instructions for the technical aspects of constructing a
paper,
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Citation and Harvard Referencing Format
TOPIC : ________________________________ 1.0 INTRODUCTION What's Known? Not
known? What's new? Thesis Statement :
_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________ 2.0 BODY PARAGRAPH:
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________ 2.1 supporting details, statistics,
concrete examples (eg. names of places/buildings/events, etc.)? 2.2 2.3 Concluding sentence :
Therefore, __________________________________________________
____________________________________________________...show more content...
List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references
listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard
Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must
be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's
library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List.
List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references
listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard
Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must
be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's
library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List.
List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references
listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard
Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must
be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing
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Referencing Resilience
Your statement referencing resilience as how an individual bounce back from a bad situation is
accurate. Individuals who do not have the qualities of resilience can learn these qualities. By
having a positive outlook can overcome depression. Accepting and giving kindness will make you
feel good about yourself and brings you happiness. Happiness overcomes sadness and builds
self–confidence which is very important in building resilience. When an individual feels better about
themselves, they develop confidence. A confident individual will be open to accepting help which
will lead to open
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Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing
Research papers (research essays) must include information from sources. This is called synthesizing
or integrating your sources.
There are three ways to incorporate information from other sources into your paper: quoting,
paraphrasing, and summarizing. Good research papers should include at least quoting and
paraphrasing and preferably also summarizing. The method you choose depends on which is the best
way to make the point you are trying to make in using that particular information from the source. It
is very important to remember that even if you are not using the exact words of the author as when
you paraphrase or summarize, you must give a source citation.
Every sentence with information from a...show more content...
Quotations should only be used in paraphrases when there are special words or wording that cannot
be paraphrased. Because the same information that the author provided is being used, a paraphrase
is often as long as the original source. Since paraphrases are information from a source, every
sentence with paraphrased information must cite the source even if exact words are not quoted.
Even through a sentence with paraphrased information must cite the source, any exact words from
the source must be in quotation marks. Failing to use quotation marks on exact words is plagiarism
even if the sentence give credit to the source.
Proper notetaking while doing research will help avoid plagiarism. Notes should include quotation
marks around any exact words taken from sources.
Another problem students may have with paraphrasing is that the language used in the paraphrase
should be an accurate accounting of the source's ideas. Good paraphrasing doesn't just capture the
ideas of the source. They don't include your own opinions or omit important information. Just like in
a quotation, be sure to either introduce the source at the beginning of your paraphrase or cite the
source at the end of the sentence so that the reader knows these are not your ideas, but ideas from
your
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Introduction Referencing is one of the most important aspects of any academic literature in the
modern day scenario. It is the main way through which someone acknowledges the fact that they
have borrowed the ideas of someone else, and have used their work for citation ion their work.
There are several different kinds of referencing system among which the Harvard referencing
style is one of the most popular. The different aspects of the Harvard style along with the main
methods through which the style is implemented have been detailed and discussed. Herein, this
study is about the Harvard referencing style and detailing the actual point of referencing in the
first place. The Actual Point of Referencing Referencing is extremely important while compiling
an academic file, as it is the main method of showing acknowledgement to the authors of the work
which has been used for ideas in the said academic literature. A failure in this regard leads to
people developing the misconception that the author has cheated or plagiarised someone else's
work and is now claiming it as their own. Any kind of plagiarism is considered to be a serious
offence, especially in the academic circles. Being accused of the malpractice of plagiarism is one
of the worst hits that the reputation of a researcher can ever receive. Indeed, it is significantly
difficult to recover a proper reputation once accusations of this kind are made towards someone. For
students, being accused of the
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Harvard Referencing System
Harvard Referencing System
Tunku Abdul Rahman College
Compiled by Dr Chook Ka Joo Quality Assurance Department Tunku Abdul Rahman College and Mr
Johnny Chin Fui Chung School of Social Science and Humanities Tunku Abdul Rahman College
2010
For internal circulation only. ©Tunku Abdul Rahman College. All rights reserved.
CONTENTS 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 REFERENCES
Page
INTRODUCTION THE IMPORTANCE OF CITING REFERENCES REFERENCING SYSTEM
THE HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEMCITATIONIN THE TEXT THE REFERENCE LIST
EXAMPLES OF REFERENCING
1 1 1 2 2 6 9
TAR College Harvard Referencing System
TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN...show more content...
For example: Many factors are known to affect the success of students at the tertiary education level
(Saunders 2005). OR
TAR College Harvard Referencing System 2
5.2
Saunders (2003, p. 21) claims that there are many factors that are known to affect the success of
students at the tertiary education level. In these two examples, the sentences summarise the main
view expressed in an article written by Saunders. Also note that the first example highlights the
information but the second example highlights or gives prominence to the author of the article. i. If
the author's name occurs naturally in the sentence, the year is given in parentheses: In a popular
study, Harvey (2005) argued that we have to teach good practices... As Harvey (1992, p. 21) said,
'good practices must be taught' and so we... ii. If the name does not occur naturally in the sentence,
both name and year are given in parentheses: A more recent study (Stevens 2002) has shown the way
theory and practical work interact... Theory rises out of practice, and once validated, returns to
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Examples Of Harvard Referencing In Essays

  • 1. Plagiarism Essay Examples Taking someone's words and using them without a proper citation is a problem. Without being taught the correct way, this problem is not going to correct itself and will continue to become a bigger problem. There are major consequences for plagiarising, but these can be avoided with a simple citation. Tying together the definition ofplagiarism, reasons for using documentation, and an explanation of MLA 8 and APA citations will all be brought together. Learning what kind ofcitation, and what needs a citation is a very important concept in becoming a successful writer. Citing a source correctly will save you time and problems. There are many different definitions of the word plagiarism. Merriam–Webster's dictionary definition, also...show more content... These students were taught a life lesson, something that they will never do again. Being taught, the correct way, at a young age will solve many of the problems that we have today. Becoming aware of the consequences that this could lead to would be worth the extra time citing a document, or writing your own paper. Taking someone's words or writing could lead to loss of job /school, fines, and so much more. To avoid these problems, a simple citation will help anyone become aware that you did give credit to the author. Jim Carnett published an article in the Los Angeles Times stating that he had tried to submit a column to an editor but they sent it back because it contained plagiarised material. Carnett said, "I lifted a portion of one of my columns and inserted it in the Daily Pilot piece without attribution." He hadn't cited his own work and now what he did was plagiarism. To Carnett, this was a total accident, but this shows that you should cite any information that you use. Although there are arguments that there is no such thing as plagiarism, "If a novelist uses a non–fiction book for research, how is that stealing? Non–fiction promises facts, there is no copyright in facts, ergo no stealing..." (Independent.co.uk) it is always best to give credit to the source that you received the information from; thus not having a chance of plagiarism. Having a correct citation for a source is very Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. Reflection Of A Reflection On Academic Skills REFLECTION–ACADEMIC SKILLS When the word reflection is mentioned, the first thought is a mirror–like image of yourself. This is to define your own perception of the acceptable and poor quality within yourself. Taking action of the weaknesses and developing my skills to improve me around everyone, (Stadter, 2015). Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988), a framework for students to resolve problems in assignments, step by step, I will reflect on my own problems, (UK Essays, 2013). My previous goal was to study in a university and now that I have accomplished that goal, my next goal is to complete the course with a strong grade. But the reality of achieving the Foundation Degree is a much harder concept than what I first thought, having...show more content... "Experience–reflection–knowledge" Pawar and Anscombe, (2015), has mentioned Dewey (1933) is a great example of how planning ahead is a step towards better success rather than dwelling on the past problems. Implementing Dewey 's theory into my assignment, assisting my understanding of how to support ideas with evidence such as deciding whether I have included all the information needed, the author/publisher or whether I have referenced continuously throughout the assignments. When previously writing assignments I need to consider how well it was written, learning from the mistakes, understanding the feedbacks and setting out times to do better next time (Percival 2006). While referencing is a struggle for me to apply, Kell and Vogl (2010) stated that overcoming referencing can be done by reading different books, journals, and articles of interest. Subsequently, after analysing the problem, I realised I try to be a perfectionist, causing a hindrance in producing assignments. I need to start believing in myself much more and be more inspired, as Percival, (2006) has mentioned that "being too sensitive will block your progress", by doing time–bound goals and starting the assignment rather than thinking about the purpose. Percival (2006), has also said putting our energy into the solution rather than the problem will be an advantage to our mindset. Realisation of putting a pen to the paper to start, a draft can be Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. The Importance of Citation in Academic Writing The Importance of Citing in Academic Writing Many students today fail to understand the importance of citing sources when they write academic papers. Furthermore, some only cite sources because they are concerned about the grade that they are going to get if their paper is not complete. Plagiarism has become a common practice as individuals prefer to steal intellectual information from others. The ability to create is one of humanity's most important talents and it is wrong for someone to rob an individual of his or her right to put across his or her creativity. Most people understand the unfairness of committing plagiarism when their ideas are stolen and used without their consent and with the person who committed this immorality expressing no interest in referencing them. Academic writing encompasses a complex set of concepts and a person who wants to do it needs to get actively engaged in writing a document is likely to be reviewed by a group of scholars familiar with the subject under discussion. A citation is basically "a signpost and an acknowledgement" (Hunter). The fact that it is a signpost means that it provides readers with information regarding where they can find the source of the writer's inspiration. Its value as an acknowledgement relates to how the writer needs to put across his or her appreciation in regard to the sources that he or she used. In the academic world writers can only function by using sources and this is largely what keeps this Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. Harvard Referencing Guide debate ana A guide to the Harvard referencing system Maureen Dwyer This article explains how to reference an academic work using the Harvard system. Instructions comply with the relevant British standards, i.e. BS 5605:1990, BS 1629:1989 and BS 6371:1983. The importance of referencing in an approved manner is discussed and problem areas such as joint authors, corporate authorship and unpublished works are examined. The issue of second–hand references that are not addressed by the standards is also explained– T he Harvard system is a popular referencing system for academic works and is Ah( often referred to as the 'author/date ' system, which distinguishes it from the Vancouver or 'numerical ' system. To be more specific, it...show more content... exact date is not known, an approximate date followed by a question mark can be given, e.g. (16th century?). Where no date is given or can be found, (No date) or the .lbbrcviation (ND) should be stated. Title: Always use the title on the title piige. Give the full title, although the inclusion of the subtitle is optional. Journal titles should be given in full, with abbreviations used only in accordance with BS 4148 (BSI, 1985). If referring to a whole journal – not just an article within it – give the journal name and its International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), e.g. Journal of Ecology, ISSN 0022–0477. Reference: Dickinson EJ (1991) Quality hospitals: the role of medical audit. Geriatric Medicine 21: 27–8, 31–2. Citations in the text # Use only the author*s/s ' surname(s) and year of publication, with the addition of page number(s) if required, e.g. (Swann, 1981, p. 10). # Where sense demands, the name of the author(s) can be incorporated into the text, e.g. Strauss and Ziegler (1975) outline the main goals of the Delphi technique, with Turoff (1970) identifying four secondary goals. # If two or more works by the same author(s) have the same publication date, they should be distinguished by adding lower case letters after the date, e.g. (Tschudin, 1992b). Finalised reference list Edition: It is important to state second or further Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. Running head: PROPER CITATION, QUOTATION AND REFERENCING Proper Citation, Quotation and Referencing Using The Publication Manual of the APA, 6th Edition Sample Paper Free Essays Biffy Wentworth University PROPER CITATION, QUOTATION AND REFERENCING Proper Citation, Quotation and Referencing Using The Publication Manual of the APA, 6th Edition Every student at some time in his or her college career will be called on to write a term paper for a course. Many students have never learned, or have not been taught, the proper form of citation, quotation and referencing using the Publication Manual of the APA. When students use citations incorrectly, they are running the risk that they are plagiarizing the...show more content... The student makes a statement, and should then follow it with a source within the body of the paper as proof. The scheme of events will look like this: student PROPER CITATION, QUOTATION AND REFERENCING statement, then proof (with citation in the body of the paper), statement, then proof. The reader will appreciate the proof as backup to the statements being made, and it makes the statements have more power to be backed up by professionals who agree with what is said. Citations can be paraphrased or quoted directly within the body of the paper. In fact, the Publication Manual of the APA states that when there are direct quotations, the information varies depending on whether using print or electric form. When citing print sources, give the "author, year, and page number in parentheses" (Publication Manual of the APA, 2010, p. 120). When students are paraphrasing, which means boiling down the phrases into their own words, the idea from the original source must also be given proper credit. This means that the student should correctly cite, and put quotations around the text that was used, so that the reader can go back and find the citation and the context it was used in the original text. Students may also need to make a citation for secondary sources within the body of a term paper. A secondary source is when the author quotes someone else, and makes a citation within the text the student Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. APA Style Analysis APA Style Sample APA (American Psychological Association) style is primarily used in the social science disciplines. It is formatted like MLA, and shows many similarities, but is unique in several key points. APA uses parenthetical (or in–text) citations within sentences, but rather than indicating the author's name and page number, APA includes author's name anddate of publication. The page number, represented with a p. or a pp., is only added to the citation when using a direct quote (not a summary or paraphrase). If the author's name is mentioned in the sentence, then place the date of publication in parentheses directly after the name. If the name is...show more content... All of the interviewees have been called 'exceptions to the norm' (Strong & Porter, 1998, p. 565). Note the first example paraphrases an author that is named in the sentence, the second example paraphrases authors that are not named in the sentence, and the third example provides a direct quote (thus the inclusion of the page numbers) but also does not identify the authors within the sentence. If the authors were identified within the sentence in the third example, the authors' names would be followed by the year of publication and only the page numbers would be in the parentheses at the end of the quote. Finally, the bibliographic page in APA style differs from MLA, what APA calls the Reference page. You will notice a few immediate differences from the MLA Works Cited format. With APA you include the initial of the author's first name rather than the complete name, the publication date immediately follows the author's name in parentheses, and titles of articles are not surrounded with quotation marks (however titles of books, magazines, journals, etc are still underlined). The lists are still alphabetized by author's last name (or title in the absence of an author) and the first line is flush left while subsequent lines in the same entry are indented in (approximately 5 spaces or one tab). For journals and magazines, publication title and volume number are both underlined, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. Harvard Referencing Guide Harvard System Referencing Guide 1. INTRODUCTION This guide sets out the Harvard system of referencing to be used in the Thesis and other major essays submitted as part of the course taught through out the MBA program. It is important to reference published material that you wish to use in your essay. While referencing is a standard that is used to avoid plagiarism it also supports a strong scientific method. To build arguments and provide evidence you mustreference any published resources you use. The spirit of referencing is embodied in Newton's famous 1676 quote, 'If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants'. It means that Newton's great discoveries were made by building on the previous work of...show more content... An individualizing focus may result in undermining 'the capacity for communal action and alienate the organizational members from the activities that they are required to undertake' (Broadbent, et al., 1999: 358). Reference List Broadbent, J. Jacobs, K. and Laughlin, R. (1999) 'Comparing schools in the U.K. and New Zealand: Individualizing and socializing accountabilities and some implications for management control'. Management Accounting Research, 10: 339–361. 5. INTERNET SITES The variability of internet site quality is problematic for referencing in academic essays. However, access to annual company reports, press releases, and daily news services provide ample reasons to utilize the internet in essays. Journal articles obtained over the internet should use the standard journal format unless the journal is solely in electronic format (see below). In–Text Wiegran and Koth's (1999) article on successful online commerce focuses on customer loyalty, increasing purchases, and higher margin products. They propose five website features to achieve successful online commerce; Value added information, personalization, intelligent communication, user generated content, and loyalty incentives (Wiegran and Koth, 1999). Since 1991, the price of oil has reached its highest in February 2000 and this rise is due to OPEC restrictions on oil production (BBC, 2000). Reference List
  • 8. BBC, (2000, February 19) 'Oil reaches $30 a barrel'. (BBC News), Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. Referencing For Plagiarism Referencing is an essential part of academic writing as it provides authors with credit for their ideas. Referencing is a requirement of academic writing, which when done correctly, will acknowledge the contribution of words or an idea (Grellier & Goerke, 2014, p, 68) into the piece of writing which is being created. However, failure to reference will incur instances of plagiarism. Grellier and Goerke (2014) state that individual institutions will have a policy on plagiarism and will treat it very seriously (p. 68). Penalties may apply and stringent testing for plagiarism will be in place. Therefore, it is imperative that individuals become familiar with correct referencing practices and apply them appropriately. It is critical to understand Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. Reflection Of A Reflection On Academic Skills REFLECTION–ACADEMIC SKILLS When the word reflection is mentioned, the first thought is a mirror like image of yourself. This is to define your own perception of the good and bad quality within yourself. Taking action of the weaknesses and developing my skills to improve myself around everyone, (Stadter, 2015). Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988), a framework for students to resolve problems in assignments, step by step, I will reflect on my own problems, (UK Essays, 2013). My previous goal was to study in a university and now that I have accomplished that goal, my next goal is to complete the course with a good grade. But the reality of achieving the Foundation Degree is a much harder concept than what I first thought, having a writer 's...show more content... Implementing Dewey 's theory in to my assignment, assisting my understanding on how to support ideas with evidence such as deciding whether I have included all the information needed, the author /publisher or whether I have referenced continuously throughout the assignments. When previously writing assignments I need to consider how well it was written, learning from the mistakes, understanding the feedbacks and setting out times to do better next time (Percival 2006). While referencing is a struggle for me to use, Kell and Vogl (2010) stated that overcoming referencing can be done by reading different books, journals and articles of interest. After analyzing the problem, I realised I try to be a perfectionist, causing a hindrance in producing assignments. I need to start believing in myself a lot more and be more inspired, as Percival, (2006) has mentioned that "being too sensitive will block your progress", by doing time–bound goals and starting the assignment rather than thinking about the end product. Percival (2006),has also stated putting our energy into the solution rather than the problem will be an advantage to our mindset. Realisation of putting a pen to the paper to start, a draft can be perfected as time goes on, mending the structure to the standard required till the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. When We Are Referencing Organization When we are referencing organization there are two concepts that standout which influence the direction and health of the people of the company and these are Trust and Leadership. It seems trust is something that is lacking when it comes to dealing with many corporate leadership these days. According to Robbins & Judge in Chapter 13 the definition of Trust is "Trust is a positive expectation that another will not–through words, actions, or decisions–act opportunislically" (Robbins & Judge 2009, p 423). The key word would be "opportunislically", there are many different types of leaders those that are genuinely looking out for the business so it becomes successful and in turn create an environment of trust among the employees and in the industry. Then there are those who ultimately have a self–interest at the cost of people livelihood. Trust In my company the later seems to be very provilant as it is evident with the job dis–satisfaction. We have a CEO that seems to be only interested in how much money can be squeezed out of the company, thus the eleventh worst companies to work for. It seemed his goal was to make the company look profitable at the expense of it's employees so it looks like a good investment to the buyer. This is done by not giving raises while the CEO take the profits or demanding everyone take time off at a specific time. If you don't have any vacation time left then you will take it without pay. Then break up the company and sell it which really Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. Hertfordshire Business School Guide to Harvard Referencing This guide has been produced by the ASU in response to questions from Hertfordshire Business School (HBS) students about the important subject of accurate referencing. It is essential for you to reference your work thoroughly because what you write for HBS must be 'evidenced ' – your discussion and arguments should consist mainly of academic theory and 'expert ' practitioner experience. These two main sources (theory and practice) MUST be referenced throughout your writing. Readers must be able to see which words are your own words and any original ideas, and what sources you have used as evidence to back up your assertions. Good referencing is ESSENTIAL because: 1) Your...show more content... If you decide to include the exact words of another author, you must enclose their words with quotation marks and include the page number in–text, e.g. Schutte (1999:298) asserts "westerners regarded the Japanese as workaholics". See example 48 on page 14 for examples. Final list of References: Consistent punctuation and spacing are necessary in the References. Some general rules apply: * Author or authors' names: * Use only the initials of the author or authors ' given names. * No full stops are used between initials. * Generational titles, i.e. Junior, Senior or roman numerals are only included in the References list, e.g. Smith, J., Jr. (2009) ... Academic prefixes, i.e. Dr. are omitted from the reference. * Titles of works: * Only capitalise content words for the titles of books, book chapters and journal articles. * In the titles of journals, magazines and newspapers, capital letters should be used as they appear normally. * Use italics for the titles of books, journals, and newspapers. * Enclose titles of book chapters and journal articles in inverted commas (single quotation marks). * Page numbering: * Books: page numbers are not usually needed in the final list of References. * Journals: page numbers appear as the final item of the citation, followed by a full stop. In the Reference list, use the abbreviation p. for one page, and pp. for a page range, e.g. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. Consequences Of Referencing A student of the University of Newcastle, is like a family member for the time you are studying at the campus. Once you graduate you look back on that time and realise the support and network you had to create such an inspiring career. Just like a family when you start to grow or join the campus you grow to have and learn about morals, values and respects and in this family of Newcastle University you are to 'have honesty, fairness, trust, accountability and respect.'(University of Newcastle, Code of Conduct,2008,p1.) However, it is hard to gather these understandings of the 'Code of Conduct' and understand in depth consequences are for the values to be broken. Plagiarism is defined as 'presenting someone else's work as your own without their...show more content... Morals and ethics can get you a long way with understanding the difference of what is right and wrong, with this scenario of not understanding the idea and concept of working together on the same assignment I as someone could not see the problem with it, and this is where the controversy is placed because it is understood as wrong under university of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. Unit 424 Referencing For Research Paper 424 – Task 1.1 Introduction Referencing is when you acknowledge materials used while researching, including books; papers; websites and other published or unpublished materials. References are used to acknowledge the parts of your work that are based on information from other outside sources and have been written by someone else not by yourself. References are a way to acknowledge the other authors and give them accreditation. If you fail to use references, what you have written would be classed as plagiarism and will be discredited. When to use referencing Referencing should be used whenever quotations of an original text is used or you refer to quotations and paraphrase any content that has been written by someone else. References could Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. Advantages And Disadvantages Of APA Writing Style 1. I think that having formatting standards such as APA is very necessary and useful for a clear communication. When we use an editorial style, we remove the distraction of puzzling over the correct punctuation for a reference or the proper form for numbers in text. An author writing for a publication must follow the rules established by the publisher to avoid inconsistencies among journal articles or book chapters. For example, without rules of style, three different manuscripts might use sub–categories, subcategories, and Subcategories in one issue of a journal or book. Although the meaning of the word is the same (in this case, subcategories is APA Style), such variations in style may distract or confuse the reader. To sum up the need for a consistent style becomes more apparent when complex material is presented, such as tables or statistics. 2. There are advantages and disadvantages in using an APA style. Let's start with benefits: One major advantage of the APA writing style is that it encourages direct exposition of your research and emphasizes your original ideas being reported. This precision is complemented by a straightforward manuscript structure that includes a title page, abstract, body, reference list and, if applicable, appendices. Also, APA citations include a brief reference in the body of your text paired with a full citation in your reference list. Citations within the text should list last name of the author and that author's publication date, followed by a page number if the citation involves a direct quotation. In addition, the APA writing and citation style ensures you are giving adequate credit to others for prior work and allows the reader to easily track your references. What is more adopting the APA writing style guarantees that both the structure of your paper and the format of your citations are consistent throughout. The clarity of your writing along with a precise citation format works to establish your credibility, and it reflects the extent of your research. On the other side the drawbacks in using such a style are: Firstly, the APA manual has a rule for just about every aspect of writing. You will find instructions for the technical aspects of constructing a paper, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 16. Citation and Harvard Referencing Format TOPIC : ________________________________ 1.0 INTRODUCTION What's Known? Not known? What's new? Thesis Statement : _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 2.0 BODY PARAGRAPH: ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 2.1 supporting details, statistics, concrete examples (eg. names of places/buildings/events, etc.)? 2.2 2.3 Concluding sentence : Therefore, __________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________...show more content... List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. Referencing Resilience Your statement referencing resilience as how an individual bounce back from a bad situation is accurate. Individuals who do not have the qualities of resilience can learn these qualities. By having a positive outlook can overcome depression. Accepting and giving kindness will make you feel good about yourself and brings you happiness. Happiness overcomes sadness and builds self–confidence which is very important in building resilience. When an individual feels better about themselves, they develop confidence. A confident individual will be open to accepting help which will lead to open Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing Research papers (research essays) must include information from sources. This is called synthesizing or integrating your sources. There are three ways to incorporate information from other sources into your paper: quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. Good research papers should include at least quoting and paraphrasing and preferably also summarizing. The method you choose depends on which is the best way to make the point you are trying to make in using that particular information from the source. It is very important to remember that even if you are not using the exact words of the author as when you paraphrase or summarize, you must give a source citation. Every sentence with information from a...show more content... Quotations should only be used in paraphrases when there are special words or wording that cannot be paraphrased. Because the same information that the author provided is being used, a paraphrase is often as long as the original source. Since paraphrases are information from a source, every sentence with paraphrased information must cite the source even if exact words are not quoted. Even through a sentence with paraphrased information must cite the source, any exact words from the source must be in quotation marks. Failing to use quotation marks on exact words is plagiarism even if the sentence give credit to the source. Proper notetaking while doing research will help avoid plagiarism. Notes should include quotation marks around any exact words taken from sources. Another problem students may have with paraphrasing is that the language used in the paraphrase should be an accurate accounting of the source's ideas. Good paraphrasing doesn't just capture the ideas of the source. They don't include your own opinions or omit important information. Just like in a quotation, be sure to either introduce the source at the beginning of your paraphrase or cite the source at the end of the sentence so that the reader knows these are not your ideas, but ideas from your Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 19. Introduction Referencing is one of the most important aspects of any academic literature in the modern day scenario. It is the main way through which someone acknowledges the fact that they have borrowed the ideas of someone else, and have used their work for citation ion their work. There are several different kinds of referencing system among which the Harvard referencing style is one of the most popular. The different aspects of the Harvard style along with the main methods through which the style is implemented have been detailed and discussed. Herein, this study is about the Harvard referencing style and detailing the actual point of referencing in the first place. The Actual Point of Referencing Referencing is extremely important while compiling an academic file, as it is the main method of showing acknowledgement to the authors of the work which has been used for ideas in the said academic literature. A failure in this regard leads to people developing the misconception that the author has cheated or plagiarised someone else's work and is now claiming it as their own. Any kind of plagiarism is considered to be a serious offence, especially in the academic circles. Being accused of the malpractice of plagiarism is one of the worst hits that the reputation of a researcher can ever receive. Indeed, it is significantly difficult to recover a proper reputation once accusations of this kind are made towards someone. For students, being accused of the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 20. Harvard Referencing System Harvard Referencing System Tunku Abdul Rahman College Compiled by Dr Chook Ka Joo Quality Assurance Department Tunku Abdul Rahman College and Mr Johnny Chin Fui Chung School of Social Science and Humanities Tunku Abdul Rahman College 2010 For internal circulation only. ©Tunku Abdul Rahman College. All rights reserved. CONTENTS 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 REFERENCES Page INTRODUCTION THE IMPORTANCE OF CITING REFERENCES REFERENCING SYSTEM THE HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEMCITATIONIN THE TEXT THE REFERENCE LIST EXAMPLES OF REFERENCING 1 1 1 2 2 6 9 TAR College Harvard Referencing System TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN...show more content... For example: Many factors are known to affect the success of students at the tertiary education level (Saunders 2005). OR TAR College Harvard Referencing System 2 5.2 Saunders (2003, p. 21) claims that there are many factors that are known to affect the success of students at the tertiary education level. In these two examples, the sentences summarise the main view expressed in an article written by Saunders. Also note that the first example highlights the information but the second example highlights or gives prominence to the author of the article. i. If the author's name occurs naturally in the sentence, the year is given in parentheses: In a popular study, Harvey (2005) argued that we have to teach good practices... As Harvey (1992, p. 21) said, 'good practices must be taught' and so we... ii. If the name does not occur naturally in the sentence, both name and year are given in parentheses: A more recent study (Stevens 2002) has shown the way theory and practical work interact... Theory rises out of practice, and once validated, returns to Get more content on HelpWriting.net