7. Directories in EXT2 FS Directories are implemented as a special type of files . Actually, a directory is a file containing a list of entries . Each entry contains an inode number and a file name .
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11. Permissions The first item, which specifies the file type, can show one of the following: d : a directory - (dash) : a regular file (rather than directory or link) l : a symbolic link to another program or file Beyond the first item, in each of the following three sets, you will see one of the following: r : file can be read w : file can be written to x : file can be executed (if it is a program) - ( rw- ) ( rw- ) ( r-- ) 1 sam sam | | | | Type owner group others
69. Activating Devices To verify that the alias has been activated, use the command ifconfig. The output should show the device and the device alias with different IP address