1. FUNDAMENTALS OF
PROGRAMMING
PROGRAMMING PREPARATION

2. COMPUTER WORKS?
Machine Cycle
Programming- process of giving
instruction
Program – instructions provided

3. STEPS IN SOLVING COMPUTER BASED-
PROGRAM
1. ANALYSE THE PROBLEM
2. DESIGN A SOLUTION /
PROGRAM
3. CODE/ENTER THE
PROGRAM
4. TEST THE PROGRAM

4. STEPS IN SOLVING COMPUTER BASED-PROGRAM
DESIGN A
SOLUTION/PROGRAM
1. ALGORITHM
2. PSEUDOCODE

5. PROBLEM: To change the temperature in
Fahrenheit to Centigrade.
ALGORITHM: PSEUDOCODE:
1. subtract 32 1. Subtract the Value of F
2. multiply the result in to 32.
(1) by 5 2. Then Multiply the
answer by 5
3. divide the result in (2)
3. Next is divide the
by 9 result by 9 to get the
4. write down the value of Centigrade
answer.

6. STEPS IN SOLVING COMPUTER BASED-PROGRAM
DESIGN A SOLUTION/PROGRAM
Algorithm
 A step-by-step set of instructions for
solving a problem in a limited number of
steps. The instructions for each step are
exact and precise and can be carried out
by a computer.
 A logical procedure or set of steps to
be followed to arrive at a solution to a
problem.
gives a solution to a particular problem

7. EXAMPLE OF ALGORITHM
PROBLEM: Find the sum of two numbers
ALGORITHM:
1. Add the two numbers together
2. Write down the answer.

8. EXAMPLE OF ALGORITHM
PROBLEM: To change the temperature in
Fahrenheit to Centigrade.
ALGORITHM: C = (F - 32) * 5/9
1. subtract 32
2. multiply the result in (1) by 5
3. divide the result in (2) by 9
4. write down the answer.

9. STEPS IN SOLVING COMPUTER BASED-PROGRAM
Pseudocode
 an algorithm in English statements in an
outline form.
 is one of the methods that could be used to
represent an algorithm

10. THREE METHODS USED IN CREATING AN
ALGORITHM
STEPPING, LOOPING & CHOOSING
STEPPING
 This is where all the instructions needed to
solve our problem are set out one after the
other.

11. EXAMPLE OF ALGORITHM
PROBLEM: Find the average of four numbers
ALGORITHM:
1. Add the four numbers
2. Divide the result by 4 to get the
average.
3. Write down the answer