1. K-12 online learning is growing rapidly and evolving in many different directions. As it evolves it is
merging with face-to-face instruction, and the result, blended learning, is likely the fastest-growing
segment in online learning. Other ways in which online and blended learning are evolving mix
online instruction with other elements of educational technology. Instruction may be entirely
classroom-based, but use computers, the Internet, and other technologies to enhance learning.
Keeping Pace 2010 explores many of these trends, but uses online learning—which we define as
teacher-led instruction that takes place over the Internet, with the teacher and student separated
geographically—as the starting point.2
Many terms and definitions in the field, such as online learning, blended learning, hybrid learning,
elearning, virtual schools, and cyberschools, do not have commonly understood definitions.
Online learning is instruction via a web-based educational delivery system that includes software
to provide a structured learning environment. It enhances and expands educational opportunities,
and may be synchronous (communication in which participants interact in real time such as
videoconferencing) or asynchronous (communication that is separated by time such as email or
online discussion forums). It may be accessed from multiple settings (in school and/or out of
school buildings). Blended learning combines online learning with other modes of instructional
delivery.
One of the misconceptions about learning online is that online courses consist mostly of reading
on a computer screen. While this may be true of a few online programs, in most online courses
there is a high degree of communication and interaction between teachers and students. In fact,
many online teachers report that teaching online is more time consuming than teaching in a
classroom because of the amount of individual attention each online student receives. Courses are
delivered via a software package called a learning management system (LMS), which includes
communication tools, instructional tools, and assessment features.
The teacher in online and blended courses is just as important as the teacher in the physical
classroom. An online teacher’s roles include guiding and individualizing learning; communication
with students; assessing, grading, and promoting students; and, in some cases, developing the
online course content and structure.
2
A National Primer on K-12 Online Learning (Version 2, 2010), by Matthew Wicks and published by the International Association for K-12 Online
Learning (iNACOL). Available at www.inacol.org