1.  “Refers
to a specific instances, statistics and
testimony, when they support a claim in such
a way as to cause decision makers to grant
adherence to that claim.” (By Mr. Scratch)
BY LILI OSTROW

2.  Evidence is a proof, it used as a key to
achieve your audience trust, and devotion to
your arguments.
 Evidence establishes the amount of accuracy
your argument have.
 In order to convince a person, you need
evidence.
 Evidence is a good base to our arguments.

3.  Evidenceneeds to be carefully chosen to
serve the needs of the claim and to affect
the target audience.

4.  Anargument is designed to convince a
resistant audience to accept a claim through
the presentation of evidence for the claim
the advocate is presenting. Evidence by itself
will not do the job.

5. An arguer may have a destination point and a
road map for getting there, but unless the
signs along the way are clearly marked and in
the logical order, the traveler will become
lost. Maps after all must be read so that the
directions make sense.

6.  The quality of the argumentation depends on the
quantity of evidence.
 One source compared to various sources.
 Too much evidence may leave the audience
overwhelmed and without focal point. Evidence
and reasoning in support of the claim should
reach “critical mass”- evidence which, when
stacked up and linked to the advocates claims,
achieves a level which makes acceptance more
likely.

7.  Itis ultimately depended by the demands of
his or her target audience.
There are three types of audience that an
advocate must deal with:
 A FRIENDLY AUDIENCE-
 1. already supports an advocate’s position on
a claim.
 2. very little additional evidence is needed
as support.

8. B. A NEUTRAL AUDIENCE-audience who
does not have any point of view to the
advocate idea. Audience waiting to see
what type of support can be provided in
order to convince them to be pro or
against the claim. This type of audience
is also called “fence sitting”.
The quality of the evidence used is
important to this type of audience.
C. A HOSTILE AUDIENCE-is audience who
is against to your point of view. A great
deal of evidence is needed in order to
convince them.

9. 1. Precedent evidence:
A. Legal precedent- it is one of the most
powerful and most difficult types of evidence
to challenge. Once a principle of law has been
established by a lawmaking body, it is very
hard to change it.
B. Personal precedent- happens as a result of
watching the personal actions of others in
order to understand the expectations for
future behaviors. New workers on a job watch
to see what older workers do in terms of
breaks and lunch time in order that their
actions may be consistent.

10. C. Statistical evidence-consists primarily of
polls, surveys and experimental results
from the survey institute.
* Statistics are not more reliable than other
forms of evidence they are affected by
human prejudice, bias and error.

11. There are 3 forms of testimonial evidence:

12. 4. Hearsay evidence- known as rumor or gossip
evidence.
It is an assertion that is transferred from person to
person. Individual can never know if rumor is
true or not. Such use of "hearsay evidence" in
court is generally not allowed.
5. Common knowledge evidence- is based on an
argument that its knowledge is known to
everyone. This is the best way of supporting an
argument, because mostly everyone is going to
accept it without any assertions.

13. In order to tell how an individual
know about a certain subject. The
person need to indicate where the
information came from? Who heard
it, saw it, and where he saw it
happens.

14. END