Be nice.

1. Education for
Righteous Public
Administration
Lira Lei Ann I. Bondoc
Discussant

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Economy
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Research
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Security
Waste
Civil Affairs
Tourism
Fine Arts Natural Resources

4. Introduction
“The Philippines does
not need a foreign invader
to destroy it. The officials
in government are already
doing a good job in causing
the nation our heroes
fought for so dearly to
ultimately perish.”-
Raymundo Julio A. Olaguer
(2006)

5. What is a Righteous Public Administration?
Acting in accord with
divine or moral law or
free from guilt or sin. –
Merriam Websters
Used to describe a person
that is always right, or
makes the correct decision
with a minimal amount of
work. – Urban Dictionary

6. What is a Righteous Public Administration?
Field of service that
maintains a civil society
and provides for the needs
of the public. – Learn.org
Field in which leaders serve
communities to advance the
common good and effect
positive change. – UNC
School of Government

7. In 1887 classic essay of Woodrow Wilsons, “The Study of Public
Administration”.
• Public Administration should be self- conscious, professional field.
• He suggested distinction between politics and administration
• Administration should be politics free, the field of administration is the field of
business.
Max Weber (1946) Bureaucratic Organizations
Leonard D. White (1926) Introduction to the Study of Public
Administration
• 5 Major Principles: hierarchy, division of labor, rules based management,
impersonality, employment based on technical qualifications.
• Administration is an Art.
• His work avoided the potential pitfalls of the politics-administration dichotomy,
rather concentrated on emphasizing the managerial phase of administration
Classical Public Administration Theories

8. From Classical, Neo-Classical to
Integrative/Modern Organization Theories
Father of Scientific Management
Frederick
Taylor
• “One best way Approach” in accomplishing task.
• To determine the most efficient method for performing each work task, a piece
rate system of compensation to maximize employee work effort, and the
selection and training of employees based on a thorough investigation of their
personalities and skills.
14 Principles of Management
Henry Fayol
(1923)
• Division of work, authority, discipline, unity of command, unity of direction,
subordination of individual interest to the general interest, remuneration,
centralization, scalar chain, order, equity, stability of tenure of personnel,
initiative and esprit de corps.

9. From Classical, Neo-Classical to
Integrative/Modern Organization Theories
Four Principles of Management
Mooney and Reiley
(1939)
• Coordination through unity of command
• importance of leadership in an organization
• Scalar Principle
• lay stress on hierarchical nature of administration
• Functional Principle
• involve coordination of functions related to setting of goals, purpose
to achieved goals and decision making process.
• Relationship between line and staff
• Line organization refers to functioning of scalar principle, Staff are
dependent on the line for the command leading to their role as
dependent actor.

10. Gulick and Urwick (1937)
“POSCORB”
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Directing
Coordinating
Reporting
Budgeting

11. Evolution of Public Administration in
the Philippines
Phase Indicative Period
Traditional / Classical Public
Administration
1800s to 1950s
Modern Public Administration 1950s to the present
- Development Administration 1950s – 1960s
- New Public Administration 1970s
- New Public Management 1980s-1990s
- Reinventing Government 1990s
- Public Administration as Governance 1990s to the present
Is There a Philippine Public Administration? Or Better still, for whom is Philippine Public
Administration? – Alex Brillanted Jr. and Maricel Fernandez (2008)

12. Traditional / Classical Public
Administration (1800s-1950s)
History of PA can trace back from ancient empires of
China, India, Egypt, Greece, Rome and Mesopotamia.
Devoted to advancing the general welfare or the
public interest.
It is no administration of the public rather,
administration for the public.

13. Traditional / Classical Public
Administration (1800s-1950s)
Education for Public
Administration
Pre-Spanish
Era
• Survival Skills
• Imitation from
parents
Spanish Era
•Education
is to spread
Religion
American
Era
•Establish
Education
for all

14. Modern Public Administration
(1950s – present)
Development
Administration
(1950s-1960s)
New Public
Administration
(1970s)
New Public
Management and
Reinventing
Government
(1980s-1990s)
Public
Administration
as Governance
(1990s-2000s)

15. Development Administration
(1970s)
• Development Administration refers to the developing countries
largely found in Asia.
• Emerging Nations
• refers developing countries endeavored to make concerted
efforts in order to recognized and to resurrect themselves
after World War II.
• refers Development Administration as Engineering of
Social change.
• Development Administration – “management of innovation” aimed
at helping countries that are undergoing reconstruction and social
transformation.

16. New Public Administration
(1960ss-1960s)
• Adds social equity to the classical definition of public
administration.
• Classical public administration sought only to answer inquiries
of efficiency and effectiveness like:
How can the government offer better services with available
resources? (efficiency)
How can we maintain our level of services while spending less
money (economy)?
Adds question: Does this service enhance social equity?

17. Social Equity
• Fairness in public services delivery.
• Equal right to equal treatment

19. Education on Development
Administration and New Public
Administration
- Time of President Ferdinand Marcos
- Philippines has the second largest economy across Asia.
- Developed plantation economy of agricultural products exporting mainly to the
USA.
- The Marcos regime was the most developmentalist government in the
Philippine history and the declaration of Martial Law was necessary to remove
political and bureaucratic obstacles to development.
- Marcos ambitious development programmes (rapid industrialization, mining,
construction, and public utilities) were financed through heavy foreign
borrowing.
- Education were controlled by the state.

20. New Public Management and Reinventing
the Government (1980s-1900s)
Principles:
1. Catalytic government – steering rather than rowing
2. Community owned government – empowering rather than serving
3. Competitive Government – injecting competition into service delivery
4. Mission driven government – transforming rule driven organizations
5. Results oriented government – funding outcomes, not inputs
6. Customer driven government – meeting the needs of the customer not their
bureaucracy
7. Enterprising Government rather than spending
8. Anticipatory Government- prevention is better than cure
9. Decentralized Government – from hierarchy to participation and teamwork
10.Market Oriented Government – leveraging change through the market

21. Principles on Reinventing
Government
1. Serve citizens, not customers
2. Seek public interest
3. Value citizenship over entrepreneurship
4. Think strategically and act democratically
5. Recognize that accountability is not simple
6. Serve rather than steer, value people, not just productivity
“The public administrator is seen as a key actor within the larger system of
governance.”

22. Public Administration as Governance
(1990s-2000s)
Governance
- refers mostly to government but beyond the government.
- involves institutionalization of a system through which citizens,
institutions, organizations, and groups in a society articulate their
interest, exercise their rights and mediate their differences in pursuit of
collective good.
- the single most important factor in eradicating poverty and
promoting development – Annan 1997

23. Basic Elements of Good Governance
• Accountability – making public officials
answerable for government behavior
• Participation – enhancing peoples access
• Predictability – existence of laws and regulations
to regulate society
• Transparency – availability of information to the
general public

24. Education for
Righteous Public
Administration
• BSP/GSP
• School Clubs
• Group leadership in
classroom activities
• Supreme Pupil
Government
Organizations
• Other activities that
develop righteous
leadership for the
students

25. End Note The country has been facing massive
problems that had put the different administrations in
the limelight to be criticized by the judging eyes of the
Filipino people. What has led to this problems,
different reasons are being stated and blamed for what
is happening with the public administration in the
country. These problems not only tested the
competence of the current administration but also
resulted to the loss of public trust. Because of this, a
greater challenge is now faced by the public
administration, a challenge to prove that these
problems could be solved and also to prove to the
Filipinos that these solutions are not just merely short
term or so-called band-aid solutions but are long-term
and effective solutions to address the existing
problems and earning back public trust as well.

26. References:

27. Thank you!