ACCU Agile Approach to Defect Management

Limbo Lower Now: An Agile
Approach to Defect
Management

ACCU 2011
Lisa Crispin
With Material from Janet Gregory

1

Introduction
My defect tracking background:
 As programmer – no DTS
 Tech support – DTS developed in-house
 Traditional QA – vendor DTS, customized
 Agile teams – variety of approaches

2

Copyright 2010: Lisa Crispin

Your Defect Tracking?
How about you?
 How many use a DTS?
 How many don’t use one?
 How low is your “defect limbo” bar?

3


Takeaways
 Defects and technical debt
 When to use a Defect Tracking System
 Alternatives
 Defect metrics
 Setting the bar lower

4


Traditional View
 Bugs must be documented
 Especially those found in production
 Provide information for root cause analysis
 Knowledge base – did similar bug occur
earlier?
 DTS provides useful metrics

5


Lean Development / Agile View
 Defect queues are queues of rework –
waste (Poppendieck)
 Find, fix test-first, and forget
 Better yet, prevent
 zero bug tolerance
 Bugs => Technical Debt
 Small experiments

6


Choices
An agile approach:
 Understand the problem
 Do what works for your team
 Focus on goals: bug prevention
 Start simple, add as needed
 Explore alternatives

7


Why Log Bugs – or not

What are the advantages of using a DTS?

What are the downsides to using a DTS?

8


Some Advantages of Using DTS
 Knowledge base
 Place to keep supplemental docs
 Prioritizing
 Traceability
 Distributed/large teams
 Customer ease, visibility, convenience
 Metrics
 Redundant with test-first, frequent releases

9


Some Disadvantages of using DTS
 Overhead
 Duplicates test
 Impedes communication
 Waste
 Inaccurate or inadequate reports
 Caught during development
 Won’t get fixed
 Doesn't work towards goal
 zero defects, bug prevention

10


Defect Metrics
 Traditionally, tell us state of quality, release
readiness
 Using tests to drive incremental, iterative
development tells us this
 Trends more important than numbers
 Who cares how many bugs found in
development?
 May be useful for team goals
 Careful how you use metrics

11


Some Other Perspectives
 What we can learn from bugs
 Alternatives to logging bugs
 When tracking defects makes sense

12


Bugs as the “Hidden Backlog”
 Acceptance tests = desired behavior
 Defect reports = misbehavior (Antony
Marcano)
 Ignored defects = missed features
 Misbehavior not addressed
 Defects prioritized over new features
 Misbehavior over desired features
 Information can get lost in DTS

13


Choosing to Not Log a Bug
 Unit-level bugs
 Write a test, not a bug
 Higher-level regression failures
 Test usually enough
 Bugs found during development
 Fix immediately
 Log on task card

14


Choosing to Log a Bug
 Found in later iteration
 Log if not fixed immediately
 Legacy bugs
 Write new story/feature
 Don't log if it won't be fixed
 Found in production
 Fix immediately or
 Prioritize, estimate, plan
 Non-bug production issues
 “production support requests”

15


Other Approaches To Log or Not?
 How do you decide?

16


Alternative Ways to Track Bugs
 Cards
 DTS
 Tests

17


Logging Bugs on Cards
Story, task or bug cards – physical or online
 Tangible
 Visible – color coding
 Attach screen prints
 Use when:
 Disciplined team
 Bugs need high visibility

18


Logging Bugs in DTS
Use a DTS when
 Team is distributed
 Audit requirements
 Release notes
 Not all bugs will be fixed immediately
 Legacy system with lots of defects

19


Logging Bugs with Tests
Use the test written to reproduce the bug and
verify the fix when:
 Everything learned from fixing bug is
captured in test
 Test can be automated
 Team is disciplined and writes tests for
every bug found

20


When to Fix Bugs
 Fix now
 cheaper
 prevents technical debt
 Estimate, prioritize and fix later
 complex, high effort
 legacy code, may destabilize
 customer decision
 Never fix
 about to be rewritten
 low risk
 don't pretend you'll fix if you won't!

21


Lowering the Bar
 Exploring alternatives
 Preventing bugs in the first place

22


Experiment !
 Start a new project with no DTS, and see
what you need.
 Set rules - “no more than 10 bugs at once”
 Use color-coded cards and stickers
 Fix all bugs
 Treat bugs as stories

23


Make It a Team Problem
 Understand your needs
 Choose solution by team consensus
 Cards and stickers (real or online)
 Story board
 Online DTS
 Combo: DTS and cards
 Ask other teams

24


Focus On Preventing Defects
 Teams have achieved zero-defects goal
 Whole team collaborates on ways to
improve quality
 Use retrospectives
 Try small experiments

25


Let’s Try an Experiment: Part 1
 Pair up with the person next to you
 One of you take the “tester” role, the other
is “programmer”. Stand back to back.
 Testers: Take the mini-schedule out of your
badge & open to p. 10
 Programmers: take a piece of paper and
pen. You cannot ask questions or turn
around.
 Testers: Get the programmer to draw what
you see on p. 10 – 11 only by describing
the shapes & where they are. Do not turn
around!
26


Let’s Try an Experiment: Part 2
 Programmer: Get a new piece of paper.
This time, you are allowed to ask
questions.
 Tester: You may now watch what the
programmer draws
 Point out “defects” immediately, and
answer questions.
 (Don’t show the actual pages, we’re
trying to simulate real-life coding here!)

27


Bug Prevention!
 Make testing integrated part of
development
 Practice TDD and Specification by Example
 Gain domain expertise
 Exploratory testing by testing professionals
 Consider ripple effects of code changes
 Look at problem areas, experiment with
solutions

28


Action!
 Think of one thing your team can do to
prevent defects, starting next week.
 Write it on an index card along with your
email address.
 Exchange cards with the person next to
you.
 Email each other every week for 4 weeks
with encouragement, questions, support.
 Please let me know your results!
lisa@lisacrispin.com

29


How Low Can You Go?
 Experiment to find defect management
approach that fits best
 Zero defects is achievable
 But go for baby steps
 Focus on bug prevention
 Do what works for your team
 Test/code together
 Use retrospectives

30


Agile Testing

Agile Testing: A Practical Guide for Testers and Agile
Teams

By Lisa Crispin and Janet Gregory

www.agiletester.ca

Book signing after this session

at the bookstore

31

All Proceeds to Charity!

Beautiful Testing: Leading Professionals Reveal How
They Improve Software
Edited by Tim Riley, Adam Goucher

Includes chapter by yours truly

32

Specification by Example
How successful teams deliver the right
software

Gojko Adzic

Case studies from > 50 teams

33

Copyright 2008 Janet Gregory, DragonFire

Recommended
Bridging the Communication Gap:
Specification By Example and Acceptance
Testing

Gojko Adzic

34


Recommended
The Agile Samurai

Jonathan Rasmussen

Great intro to agile
and agile testing

35


Lean Development

Implementing Lean Development:
From Concept to Cash

Mary and Tom Poppendieck

36

Some Agile Testing Resources
lisacrispin.com
janetgregory.ca
exampler.com
agile-testing@yahoogroups.com
testobsessed.com
testingreflections.com
dhemery.com

37


Questions?

38


ACCU Agile Approach to Defect Management

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ACCU Agile Approach to Defect Management