overview about Ultrasonography

1. Ultrasonography
Presented by:
Ms. Elizabeth. M.Sc (N)
Asst. Professor,
Dept of MSN,
NNC, GNSU.

4. Ultrasound
• It is a diagnostic imaging technique
• It is used to create an image of internal body
structures such as tendons, muscles, joints,
blood vessels, and internal organs.

5. • Its aim is often to find a source of a disease or
to exclude pathology.

7. • Ultrasound are sound waves with frequencies
which are higher than those audible to
humans (>20,000 Hz).
• The ultrasound pulses echo off tissues with
different reflection properties and are
recorded and displayed as an image.

8. • It displays two-dimensional cross-section of
tissue.
• Other types can display blood flow, motion of
tissue over time, the location of blood, the
presence of specific molecules, the stiffness of
tissue, the anatomy of a three-dimensional
region.

9. Advantages
• It provides images in real-time
– E.g, the motion of the beating heart of fetus
• It is portable
• It is substantially lower in cost
• It does not use harmful ionizing radiation.

10. Drawbacks
• Needs for patient cooperation
• Difficulty imaging structures behind bone and
air or gases
• Necessity of a skilled operator

11. Procedure
• Wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing.
• remove all clothing and jewelry
• wear a gown
• abdomen examination – NPO
• examination of female reproductive organs take
more water to fill the bladder
• thick gel on the skin - good sound transmission

12. Internal USG
To get better image the uterus and ovaries

13. Internal USG
Inserting transducer into anus to get image of
prostate gland.

14. Endoscopic USG

15. Endoscopic USG

16. USG Can be used
to evaluate………

17. Heart
• To detect abnormalities in heart beats
• Structural abnormalities such as defective
heart valves
• Abnormal enlargement of the heart’s
chambers or walls

18. Blood vessels
To detect dilated and narrowed blood vessels

19. Gallbladder and biliary tract
To detect gallstones and blockages in the bile
ducts

20. Liver, spleen, and pancreas
• To detect tumors

21. Urinary tract
• To distinguish benign cysts from solid masses
in the kidneys
• To detect blockages such as stones
• Structural abnormalities in the kidneys,
ureters, or bladder

22. Female reproductive organs
To detect tumors and inflammation in the
ovaries, fallopian tubes, or uterus

23. Pregnancy
• To evaluate the growth and development of
the fetus
• To detect abnormalities of the placenta

24. Placenta Previa

26. Biopsy
• It can show the position of the instrument,
• area to be biopsied
• where to insert the instrument
• It can guide it directly to its target.

29. Doppler ultrasonography
Doppler ultrasonography uses changes that
occur in the frequency of sound waves when
they are reflected from a moving object (RBC)

30. Doppler ultrasonography can be used to
evaluate
• Whether blood is flowing through blood
vessels
• How fast it flows
• Which direction it flows in

31. Doppler ultrasonography is used
• Heart functioning
• To detect blocked blood vessels (DVT)
• To detect narrowed arteries,

33. Spectral Doppler ultrasonography
• This procedure shows blood flow information
as a graph.
• It can be used to assess how much of a blood
vessel is blocked

35. Color Doppler ultrasonography
Color is superimposed on the shades-of-gray
image of blood flow produced by Doppler
ultrasonography.

36. • The color indicates direction of blood flow.
– Red may be used to indicate flow toward the
transducer
– Blue may be used to indicate flow away from the
transducer.
– Brightness of the color indicates how fast the
blood is flowing

37. Color Doppler ultrasonography
• It can assess the risk of stroke, TIA - identify
and evaluate narrowing or blockage of
arteries in the neck and head.
• Risk of atherosclerosis with no symptoms
• It is also used to assess blood flow to internal
organs and tumors.