1. Member A.O.I.A
Fellow I.C.O.I
Scientific consultant of sybron implant solutions
Manager of implant direct company

4. 1) Inferior alveolar canal
2) Mental foramen
3) Incisive Foramen
4) Maxillary sinus
5) Nasal cavity
6) Interdental space (neighboring teeth)
7) Bone width (bucco-lingual)
8) Mylohyoid ridge

7.  For implants that are to be placed in the
mandible, the distance from the
edentulous alveolar crest to the upper
border of the inferior alveolar canal
should be assessed from cross-sectional
tomographic radiographs.

8.  The safety zone between the tip of the
implant and the border of the canal should
be at least 1-2 mm.
 Patients with compromised vertical bone
dimension can sometimes be treated by
placing multiple shorter implants of optimal
width followed by splinting the prosthetic
crowns together during the restorative phase
of therapy.

10.  The position of the mental formen should
be identified and located when implant
surgeries in the premolar and molar areas
of the mandible are performed.
 In some situations a loop of the nerve can
be found to extend mesially.

11.  In one report the anterior loop of the
mental neurovascular bundle extended
mesially from 1.1 - 3.3 mm and a safety
zone of 4 mm was recommended to avoid
damaging the nerve during implant
placement (Kuzmanovic et al.2003)

13.  When placing an implant in the anterior
part of the maxilla the size and location of
the incisive papilla need to be determined.
 In addition, it must be established if there
is enough bone in the area to place an
implant or if the area needs to be grafted.

20.  Anatomic concavities are frequently found
on the lingual side of the mandible.
 It is important to avoid perforating the lingual
plate during preparation of the implant site
since perforations in this location can result
in extensive and even life-threatening
bleeding (Bruggenkate et al. 1993)

21.  A safe way of performing surgery in this
area is to reflect a lingual flap at least to a
level corresponding to the length of the
implant to be placed.