1. Muscular
Physiology
Jeopardy
Game Show

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3. 1 $100a
 T-tubules: transverse tubules that extend across the
sarcoplasm at right angles to the long axis of the muscle
fiber. They are formed by inward extensions of the
sarcolemma. The membrane of the t tubules has ion pumps
that continually transport Ca++ ions inward from the
sarcoplasm. They allow electrical impulses traveling along
the sarcolemma to move deeper into the cell.
 Triad: triplet of tubules; a T tubule sandwiched between two
sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum. It allows electrical impulse
traveling along a T tubule to stimulate the membranes of
adjacent sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

4. 1 $100b
 What structures are unique to skeletal muscle fibers?

5. 1 $200a
 Contractility: The impulse travels across the sarcolemma and
through the t tubules that realease calcium ion into the
sarcoplasm. The calcium ions bind to troponin molecules and
initiate a chemical reaction that produces a contraction. The
process of a muscle contracting is called the sliding filament
theory.
 Excitability: When a skeletal fiber is stimulated by a signal
from a motor neuron, the motor neurons connect to the
sarcolemma. A neuromuscular junction is formed.
Acetylcholine is released and stimulates acetylcholine
receptors that initiate an electrical impulse in the
sarcolemma. This is called excitation.

6. 1 $200b
Which of the structures involved primarily in contractility
and which are in invloved in excitability?

7. 1 $300a
 Myofilaments are made up of myosin, actin, tropomyosin,
and troponin. The myosin heads on the thick myosin form
cross bridges with the nearby thin actin that contain
tropomyosin and troponin .

8. 1 $300b
 how the structure of the myofilaments is related to their
function

9. 1 $400a
 1. When you exercise and isolate a muscle group, lactic
acid, produced naturally by your body, begins to build around
that muscle. That lactic acid accumulates around the
muscle, resulting in a burning sensation. While the burn is
often associated with becoming stronger, the feeling of heat
and fatigue often ends your workout. After a certain number
of repetitions, the lactic acid causes muscle fatigue as it
interacts in the calcium in your body. This is evidenced by the
inability to complete any more repetitions

10. 1 $400b
 WHAT IS LACTIC ACID

11. 1 $500a
 1. People who exercise seriously are sometimes told to
work a muscle until they "feel the burn". In terms of how
muscle is able to release energy, explain what is going on in
the muscle early in the exercise and when the muscle is
"burning."

12. 1 $500b
 WHAT CAUSES THE “BURN” YOU FEEL WHEN A MUSCLE
IS BEING EXERCISED?

13. 2 $100a
A single motor neuron and the muscle fibers connected to it act
as a unit

14. 2 $100b
 A MOTOR NEURON AND THE MUSCLE FIBERS
CONNECTED TO IT IS CALLED WHAT?

15. 2 $200a
 The number of muscle fibers in each motor unit varies in
different parts of the body. Muscle fibers involved in fine
motor skills contain a small number of muscle cells. This
gives the nervous system the option of making very tiny
adjustments. Those involved gross motor movements have
many more fibers for each nerve axon or motor neuron. So
the axon makes a larger movement because of how many
cells are affected.

16. 2 $200b
 WHAT IS A MOTOR UNIT?

17. 2 $300a
 Cardiac muscle cells make up the myocardium portion of the
heart wall.

18. 2 $300b
 What is the meaning of a "unit of combined cells" as it relates
to cardiac Muscle?

19. 2 $400a
 Measure approximately 10-15 micrometers in diameter and
50-100 micrometers in length. They have an overlapping
arrangement of light and dark striations.

20. 2 $400b
 How does the structure arrangement affect its function?

21. BOUNS
2 $500a
Using fiber types, design a muscle for a marathon runner.

22. BOUNS
2 $500b
 Type I muscle fibers are classified as slow-twitch, which
means they develop force slowly and relax at a similar pace
with a longer “twitch” time in between.
 Don’t utilize much energy from ATP.
 More aerobic than anaerobic.
 Can function for longer periods of time with repetitive
contractions, because of a readily supply of oxygen.

23. 3 $100a
 Stiffening of the joints and muscles of a body after death

24. 3 $100b
 What is Rigor Mortis

25. 3 $200a
 The muscle contraction process first happens by a motor neuron being
activated. This produces an action potential that passes outward in a
ventral root of the spinal cord where it is conveyed to a motor end plate on
each muscle fiber. The action potential causes the release of packets of
acetylcholine into the synaptic clefts on the surface of the muscle fiber. The
acetylcholine causes the electrical resting potential under the motor end
plate to change, and this then initiates an action potential which passes in
both directions along the surface of the muscle fiber. At the opening of each
transverse tubule onto the muscle fiber surface, the action potential
spreads inside the muscle fiber. At each point where a transverse tubule
touches part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, it causes the sarcoplasmic
reticulum to release Ca+2 ions. The calcium ions result in movement of
troponin and tropomyosin on their thin filaments, and this enables the
myosin molecule heads to "grab and swivel" their way along the thin
filament. This is the driving force of muscle contraction

26. 3 $200b
 What are the 4 factors that influence the strength of muscle
contractions?

27. 3 $300a
 is a single contraction of skeletal muscle. The three distinct
phases are latent, contraction, and relaxation.

28. 3 $300b
 What are the phases of a twitch contraction?

29. 3 $400a
 Skeletal muscle moves bones by receiving acetelecholine
from a motor nerve that triggers an action potential across
the muscle fibers. Muscle fibers contain actin and
myosin, which are the function components of muscle
contraction. essentially, movement of a bone occurs when
the muscle attached is being shortened

30. 3 $400b
 how does the skeletal muscles provide movement, heat, and
posture

31. BOUNS
3 $500a
 Type II fibers are the fast-twitch, explosive muscle fibers
associated with power and explosiveness in athletes.
 “Inefficient and fatigable”
 They characterize high anaerobic power but very low aerobic
power which equates to shorter duration, but more powerful
contractions of the muscle as a whole.
 The main difference between type 2a and type 2b muscle fibers
comes from their “capacity for aerobic-oxidative energy supply.”
Type 2a muscle fibers have a more efficient means of aerobic
metabolism due to a higher number of surrounding capillaries
that circulate blood throughout the muscle which results in a
higher resistance to fatigue.

32. BOUNS
3 $500b
 Using fiber types, design a muscle ffor a 100-yard-dash
Sprinter.

33. 4 $100a
 Latent Phase: Is the interval from the stimulus application until
the muscle begins to contract (shorten). Note that there is no
traced activity during this phase, but there are some electrical
and chemical changes taking place during this phase.
 Contraction Phase: This phase is when the muscle fibers
shorten, the tracings will show during this phase (a) peak(s).
 Relaxation Phase: This phase is represented by the downward
curve in your tracings, this is when the muscle is going back to
its original state of relaxation and the muscle will once again
lengthen

34. 4 $100b
 What molecular events occur during each of these phases?

35. 4 $200a
 As you warm-up, you stretch your muscles and create
microscopic tears in the muscle, making it easier to continue
with the same exercise.

36. 4 $200b
 How does the treppe effect relate to the warm-up exercises
of athletes?

37. 4 $300a
 is the explanation for how muscles produce force (or, usually,
shorten). It explains that the thick and thin filaments within
the sarcomere slide past one another, shortening the entire
length of the sarcomere. In order to slide past one another,
the myosin heads will interact with the actin filaments and,
using ATP, bend to pull past the actin.

38. 4 $300b
 What is the sliding filament theory?

39. 4 $400a
 are an intracellular signaling molecule for muscle contraction.
so This enables a contraction, and a return of the calcium in
the sarcoplasmic reticulum allows the muscle to relax.

40. 4 $400b
what is Calcium ions

41. 4 $500a
WINNER

42. 4 $500b
YOU ARE THE WINNER