1. Pragmatism and
Progressivism
Lulu M. Calma
reporter

2. Pragmatism
 Referred to as
experimentalism, based on
change, process, and relativity.
Construes knowledge as a
process in which reality is
constantly changing
 Nothing can be viewed
intelligently except in relation
to a pattern
Truth is no longer
absolute or unversal
Pragmatism

3. Charles S. Peirce
coined the term pragmatism from
the Greek word PRAGMA meaning
“work”, “act”, or “deed”
founded an organization known
as “the Metaphysical Club.”
said that all truths need to be
revised, a position he called
“fallibilism.”
wrote,“Ourbeliefs guide our desires
and shape our actions.”

4. His educational theories were
presented in My pedagogic creed
(1897), The School and Society
(1900), The Child and the Curriculum
(1902), Democracy and Education
(1916) and Experience and Education
(1938).
HE believed that STUDENTS should
be involved in real-life tasks and
challenges
"I believe that education,
therefore, is a process of living and
not a preparation for future
living.“
John Frederick Dewey

5. Best Known For:
Pragmatism
Functionalism
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Often called the father of
American psychology
GAVE THE TERM pragmatism
ITS CLEAREST EXPRESSION.
thought that THE BEST THEORY
to believe is the one that brings
about the best consequences in your
life.
“There can be no difference anywhere that
doesn't make a difference elsewhere.”
William James

6. George Herbert Mead
FOUNDER of Pragmatism
Pioneered the development of
symbolic interaction perspective
HE believes that “we naturally talk to
ourselves in order to sort out the meaning of a
difficult situation.”
One of the FOUNDERS of
social
psychology

7. PRINCIPLES
Changing Nature OF TRUTH Problems as the
Emphasis on social and democratic values motives of truth
Truth is formed IMPORTANCE of m a n p o w e r
by its result Emphasis on the PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY
Opposition to fixed ideals and values
Importance of activity
Opposition to social customs and traditions
FAITH in present and future Faith in flexibility
FAITH in pluralism
Pragmatism

8. Characteristics of Education
Characteristics
life
GROWTH
Continuous reconstruction of experience
a social progress
a responsibility of the state
Pragmatism

9. Aims
• more EDUCATION
• all round development of an individual
• continuous reconstruction of EXPERIENCE
• social efficiency
growth
• continuous
•personal SOCIAL adjustment
and
Pragmatism

10. Types
Humanistic
Experimentalism
Biological
Pragmatism

11. Curriculum EMPHASIS
• Creation of new SOCIAL order
• Integrated and based on the problem of
SOCIETY
• Subjects are
interdisciplinary.

12. Methods of Teaching
Learning by doing
- education should be imparted through
activities and personal experiences
Integration
- seeks to maintain unity in diversity

13. Classroom Management
•NO external discipline imposed
by authority
•NO place for rewards and
punishments as every activity is to
be pursued in a social setting
Pragmatism

14. the TEACHER
• applies democratic methods
• classroom is a community of learners
• facilitator NOT authoritarian
• ENCOURAGES, OFFERS SUGGESTIONS,
QUESTIONS AND HELPS PLAN AND
IMPLEMENTS courses of study
• writes curriculum and MUST HAVE A COMMAND OF
SEVERAL DISCIPLINES to create and implement
curriculum
Pragmatism

15. Legacy
Emphasis on the child as the learner, rather
than on the subject matter
Stress on activities and experiences, rather
than on textbook reliance and memorization
Absence of fear and punishment for
disciplinary purposes
Pragmatism

16. Progressivism
Education should be life itself, not a preparation
for living
Learning should be directly related to the
interests of the learner
Real learning occurs through problem solving
The teacher’s role is not to direct but to advise
The school should encourage cooperation rather
than competition
Only democracy permits true personal growth

17. “Everything to help and
nothing to hinder.”
Francis W. Parker
American EDUCATOR
opposed to
memorization and drilling
practice
interrelating subject matters adds
meaning and clarification to
the subject

18. John Frederick Dewey
FATHER of
Progressive Education
coined the phrases “learning
by doing”, ”the activity
method”, “problem solving”,
and “children's interests and
needs”.
CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORIST;
Constructivists look at the way the learner
learns: a learner learns best when he/she is
actively engaged

19. William H. Kilpatrick
America’s greatest teacher
DEAN of American Education
Dewey’s chief disciple
“THE Project Method”

20. Principles
natural student development
Contact with the world
student development
student health
PARENTal INVOLVEment
school Research
Practice and application
Progressivism

21. Characteristics
 Emphasis on learning by doing – hands-on projects,
expeditionary learning, experiential learning
 Integrated curriculum focused on thematic units
 Integration of ENTREPRENEURSHIP in to education
 Strong emphasis on problem solving and critical
thinking
 Group work and
development of social skills
 Understanding and action as the goals of
learning as opposed to rote knowledge
 Collaborative and cooperative learning
projects
Progressivism

22. Characteristics
 Education for social responsibility and democracy
 Highly personalized education accounting for each
individual's personal goals
 INTEGRATION of community service and service learning
projects into the daily curriculum
 Selection of subject content by looking forward
to ask what skills will be needed in future society
 De-emphasis on textbooks in favor of varied learning
resources
 Emphasis on lifelong learning and social skills
 Assessment by evaluation of child’s projects and
productions
Progressivism

23. Aims
•To meet the needs of
a growing child, the
school should be a
pleasant place for
learning.
•To promote
democratic and
social living
Progressivism

24. Types
Humanistic
Constructivism
Montessori
New Tech
Progressivism

25. Curriculum Emphasis
• Views teaching as more exploratory
than explanatory
• Considers teaching and learning as a
process of reconstructing experience
according to scientific method
• Focuses on problem - solving
Progressivism

26. Methods of Teaching
• Group activities
• Project method
• Critical thinking
• Problem solving
• Decision making
• Cooperative learning
Progressivism

27. Classroom Management
•Democratic and
participatory
•Self – directed
Progressivism

28. The Teacher
•Facilitator
•Director of learning
•Guide
•Collaborative partner
Progressivism

29. Legacy
Inquiry or discovery learning
 Self paced instructional approaches
Field trips
Flexible scheduling
OPEN CONCEPT classrooms
Non-graded schools
group activities
 SMALL
School-based counseling
Progressivism

30. Thank You!
God Bless Us!