Green is Gold When Marketing to Millennials - found that if the costs could be included in their mortgage loan, more than half (51%) of those aged 18 to 34 would be interested in improving home energy efficiency, and 48% would be interested in installing solar panels. It’s important to know that Millennials’ expectations for their homes differ from those of other generations. For example, net-zero all-electric homes, Quartz surfaces, induction cooktops, and water conservation are among their priorities.

1. © 2021 Fannie Mae. Trademarks of Fannie Mae.
Q4 Special Topic:
Green Home Improvements and Home Repairs
National Housing Survey
Q4 2021

2. Opinions, analyses, estimates, forecasts, and other views of Fannie Mae's Economic & Strategic Research (ESR) group or
survey respondents included in these materials should not be construed as indicating Fannie Mae's business prospects or
expected results, are based on a number of assumptions, and are subject to change without notice. How this information
affects Fannie Mae will depend on many factors. Although the ESR group bases its opinions, analyses, estimates, forecasts,
and other views on information it considers reliable, it does not guarantee that the information provided in these
materials is accurate, current, or suitable for any particular purpose. Changes in the assumptions or the information
underlying these views could produce materially different results. The analyses, opinions, estimates, forecasts, and other
views published by the ESR group represent the views of that group or survey respondents as of the date indicated and do
not necessarily represent the views of Fannie Mae or its management.
Disclaimer
2

3. Executive Summary
3
Green Home Improvements
• Younger homeowners (18-34) are most likely to be interested in mortgage-financed green home improvements (often known as
energy-efficient mortgages), as are those who have recently purchased their home; these groups are more likely to reap longer-
term benefits following the investment.
• Installing solar panels and improving energy efficiency are most appealing, while there’s less interest in paying for an overall
home energy assessment.
Home Repair Costs
• Most homeowners say small- and medium-sized repairs are needed to keep their home well-maintained, and that the costs
were similar to or less than expected. However, one-third of homeowners indicate the repair costs were higher than expected.
• Black and Hispanic homeowners, as well as residents living in lower-income areas, are more likely to express significant
concern over unexpected home repair costs.
• The costliest repairs cited by homeowners are to the exterior structure, HVAC, and appliances/major equipment.

4. Green Home Improvements

5. 32%
48%C,D
41%C,D
31%D
19%
41%F,G
29% 28%
36%I
29%
48% 46%
All Owners 18-34(A) 35-44(B) 45-64(C) 65+(D) Owned
home <=5
years
(E)
Owned
home 6-10
years
(F)
Owned
home >10
years
(G)
First-time
homeowner
(H)
Repeat
homeowner
(I)
First-time
(owned <=3
years)
First-time
(owned <=5
years)
Q: How interested would you be in installing solar panels, if you could include the cost in your mortgageloan?
5
Interest in Installing Solar Panels with Mortgage Loan(Homeowners)
Q4 2021 National Housing Survey
A/B/C/D, E/F/G, H/I : Superscript denotes a % is significantly higher than the segment that the letter represents at the 95% confidence level within
the year
How interested would you be in installing solar panels, if you could include the cost in your mortgage loan?
Showing Total Interested (Somewhat + Very Interested)
Nearly half of younger (18-34) homeowners would be interested in installing solar panels if the
cost were included in their mortgage loan.
• Those who purchased their home within the past 5 years are also more likely to be interested; both groups are more likely to see benefits over the
length of homeownership than older homeowners and/or those who have owned their home for a longer period.

6. Q: How interested would you be in makingenergy efficiency improvements to your home(e.g., additional
insulation, HVAC replacement, energy efficient appliances) if you could include the costs in your mortgageloan?
6
Q4 2021 National Housing Survey
A/B/C/D, E/F/G, H/I : Superscript denotes a % is significantly higher than the segment that the letter represents at the 95% confidence level within the year
34%
51%B,C,D
40%D
34%D
22%
44%F,G
28%
31%
41%I
29%
52%
49%
All Owners 18-34(A) 35-44(B) 45-64(C) 65+(D) Owned
home <=5
years
(E)
Owned
home 6-10
years
(F)
Owned
home >10
years
(G)
First-time
homeowner
(H)
Repeat
homeowner
(I)
First-time
(owned <=3
years)
First-time
(owned <=5
years)
How interested would you be in making energy efficiency improvements to your home (e.g., additional insulation, HVAC replacement, energy efficient
appliances) if you could include the costs in your mortgage loan?
Showing Total Interested (Somewhat + Very Interested)
Similarly, more than half of younger owners would be interested in making energy efficiency
home improvements if the costs were included in their mortgage loan.
• Again, those who purchased their home within the past 5 years are also more likely to be interested, as are first-time homeowners in general.
Interest in Making Energy Efficiency Improvements to Home with Mortgage Loan (Homeowners)

7. 17%
26%C,D
22%C,D
16%D
11%
13%
23%W
28%W
44%W,B,H
23%F,G
15% 16%
All Owners 18-34
(A)
35-44
(B)
45-64
(C)
65+
(D)
White
(W)
Black
(B)
Hispanic
(H)
Asian*
(A)
<80% AMI
(E)
80-120%
AMI
(F)
120%+ AMI
(G)
Q: How interested would you be in an overall homeenergy assessment, with a one-time fee of a few hundred
dollars,that gives you recommendationson home energy improvementprojects and the estimated cost savings?
However, homeowners are less interested in paying for an overall home energy assessment that
would provide recommendations and estimated savings.
7
Interest in an Overall Home Energy Assessment (Homeowners)
Q4 2021 National Housing Survey
A/B/C/D, W/B/H/A, E/F/G: Superscript denotes a % is significantly higher than the segment that the letter represents at the 95% confidence level within the year
How interested would you be in an overall home energy assessment, with a one-time fee of a few hundred dollars, that gives you recommendations on
home energy improvement projects and the estimated cost savings?
Showing Total Interested (Somewhat + Very Interested)
* Smallsample size: Asian Owners (N=69)
• Young homeowners, minorities, and those with lower incomes are most likely to be interested in investing in a home energy assessment.

8. Home Repair Costs

9. 7% 4% 7% 8%A
6% 6%
13%
W,A 8%
1%
10%G
9%G
5%
21% 26%D
20% 21%
19% 21%B
14%
28%
W,B
21%
30%G
27%G
16%
28%
33%C,D
34%C,D
27%D
22%
29%H
27%
22% 45%
W,B,H
24%
25%
30%E
43%
36%
37% 44%
A,B
51%
A,B,C
43% 45%
43%
32%
34% 39%
48%
E,F
1% 2%A,C 1%C 1% 1% 2%F,G
All
Owners
18-34
(A)
35-44
(B)
45-64
(C)
65+
(D)
White
(W)
Black
(B)
Hispanic
(H)
Asian*
(A)
<80% AMI
(E)
80-120%
AMI
(F)
120%+
AMI
(G)
Black and Hispanic homeowners and those from lower income groups are more likely to express
significant concern over unexpected home repair costs.
9
Concern over the Impact of Unexpected Home Repair Costs (Homeowners)
Q4 2021 National Housing Survey
How concerned are you, if at all, over unexpected home repair costs that could make it difficult to pay your mortgage or other regular monthly bills?
Q: How concerned are you, if at all, over unexpected home repair costs that could makeit difficult to pay your mortgageor other regular monthly bills?
Very
concerned
Somewhat
concerned
Don’t know
Not very
concerned
Not at all
concerned
A/B/C/D, W/B/H/A, E/F/G: Superscript denotes a % is significantly higher than the segment that the letter represents at
the 95% confidence level
* Smallsample size: Asian Owners (N=69)
Among those who are
concerned about unexpected
home repair costs:
• 60% say home repairs
are due to their house
being older and 20% say
remodeling, compared
to 45% and 32% respectively
among those who are
not concerned
• 25% expect to do large or
very large repairs,
compared to 13% of those
who are not concerned
• They are significantly more
likely to say repairs on
interior room additions,
exterior structure, interior
structure,
plumbing/electrical, HVAC,
and appliances/major
equipment have been cost
burdensome, compared to
those who are not concerned
• Black homeowners are more than twice as likely as White homeowners to say they are "very concerned" about unexpected repair costs.
• Older homes are a top driver of unexpected home repair costs, often requiring major investment.

10. 10
Costs Required vs. Expected to Make Repairs (Homeowners)
Q4 2021 National Housing Survey
• Those with an AMI lower than 120% and those who expect to move within 1-3 years are more likely to say the costs required were higher than expected.
Were the costs required to make these repairs to your home…
Q: Were the costs required to makethese repairs to your home…
Significantly higher
than expected
Somewhat higher
than expected
Don’t know
About the same as
expected
Less than expected
A/B/C, D/E, F/G/H/I : Superscript denotes a % is significantly higher than the segment that the letter represents at the
95% confidence level
13% 14% 17%C
12% 12% 8%
34%H,I
26%H,I
11% 9%
20%
24%C 20%
18%
13%
35%D
19%
36%
F,H,I
25%I
13%
55% 49% 49% 61%A,B
55%
46%
37%
32%
58%F,G
61%F,G
10% 9% 13%C
8%
18%
10% 5%
6% 5%
15%F,G,H
2% 4%C 2% 3% 2% 4%H 2%
All Owners <80% AMI
(A)
80-120%
AMI
(B)
120%+ AMI
(C)
Expect to
move in
<1 year
Expect to
move in
1-3 years
Very Large
(F)
Large
(G)
Medium
(H)
Small
(I)
Expect to
move in
< 1 year
(D)
Expect to
move in
1-3 year
(E) Size of Home Repairs Needed
While most homeowners say the repair costs were similar to or less than expected, one-third say they
were higher than expected.

11. 6% 7% 6% 5% 7% 4% 5% 8%H
4% 6% 4%
11% 12% 10% 10% 8% 12% 13%D 10%
11% 9% 10%
36%
37% 39%
35%
28%
40%D 40%D
39%H
33%
15%
46%I
46% 41% 45%
49%A
55%E,F
43% 40% 41%
49%G
65%J
39%
2% 3%B,C 1% 3% 1% 2% 2% 2% 4% 1%
All Owners <80% AMI
(A)
80-120% AMI
(B)
120%+ AMI
(C)
Owned
home
<=5 years
(D)
Owned
home
6-10 years
(E)
Owned
home
>10 years
(F)
First-time
homeowner
(G)
Repeat
homeowner
(H)
Expect to
move <1
year
(I)
Expect to
move 1-3
years
(J)
Most homeowners say small and medium size repairs are needed to keep their home well-maintained.
11
Size of Home Repairs Needed to Maintain Home (Homeowners)
Q4 2021 National Housing Survey
• Homeowners who have owned their home for more than 5 years and first-time homeowners are more likely to say they require medium repairs.
• Those who expect to move within 1 year are more likely to say that a small amount of repairs are needed, whereas those who plan to move in the next
1-3 years are investing more time and money into repairs.
Since you have owned your home, how would you describe the amount of repairs needed to keep your home well-maintained? (Homeowners)
Q: Since you have owned your home,how would you describe the amount of repairs needed to keep your home well-maintained?
Very Large
Large
Don’t know
Medium
Small
A/B/C, D/E/F, G/H, I/J : Superscript denotes a % is significantly higher than the segment that the letter represents at the
95% confidence level
Size of repairs, in
addition to typical
maintenance costs:

12. 12
Most Cost Burdensome Home Repairs
Q: What homemaintenance or repair items have been most cost-burdensome, if any?
F/R: Superscript denotes a % is significantly higher than the segment that the letter represents at the 95% confidence level within the year
26%
22%
19%
15%
14%
14%
9%
9%
8%
6%
13%
2%
1%
All Owners
All Owners
Exterior structure, HVAC, and appliances/major equipment are identified as the most cost
burdensome repairs.
• First-time homeowners are more likely than repeat homeowners to do repairs due to the house being older, while repeat homeowners are more
likely than first-time homeowners to do repairs for remodeling.
49%
28%
6%
3%
6%
9%
2%
6%
1%
45%
31%F
5%
3%
7%
8%
2%
8%F
1%
54%R
25%
6%
3%
5%
10%
2%
4%
1%
First-time
Homeowner(F)
Repeat
Homeowner(R)
Main Reasons for Needing Home Repairs
Homeowners, Showing %, Ranked by Owners
Q: What are your main reasons for needing these home repairs? Q4 2021 National Housing Survey
Exterior Structure (Roof, siding, windows, other)
HVAC (Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning)
Appliances/Major Equipment (Refrigerator,
water heater, other)
Kitchen or Bath Remodel
Plumbing/Electrical
Outside Property Improvements (Yard, fencing,
other)
Outside Additions (Porch, deck, garage, other)
Interior Structure (Insulation, flooring, walls,
other)
Interior Room Additions (Kitchen, bedroom,
other)
Disaster Repairs
None of the above
Other
Don't know
House is older, so items have broken or worn down and
need to be repaired/replaced
Remodeling - would like a more updated home to
maintain or improve the value of the home
Safety concerns
Accessibility concerns – areas need to be accessible due to
limited mobility
House is newer, but poorly constructed so need to make
repairs or replace items
Natural disaster repairs (e.g., hurricane, flooding)
Other
None of the above
Don't know

13. 13
13
A Note on October-December 2021 Survey Collection
PSB has partnered with ReconMR (our previous vendor partner Opinion Access has merged with ReconMR) to conduct some NHS interviews on our
behalf. PSB continues to process and analyze the data and complete all regular deliverables.
While ReconMR has call centers based in Florida and Texas, they also have a very extensive remote workforce that can conduct interviews from
their homes. This ensures our continued work on the NHS even if their call centers are forced to close or if a portion of the work force gets sick.
PSB trained interviewers to ensure interviewing is consistent with PSB’s procedures. We also monitor interviews for quality control. This
minimized any noise in the data from using different interviewers. PSB also regularly reviews the results of the interviews as they are completed.
There were no changes in the sample composition, as PSB provided our vendor partners with the survey sample and dialing procedures. The
sample quotas and targets remained unchanged from previous months and the data was weighted by PSB in the same way as past months to be
representative of the US population.

14. 14
• Since June 2010, approximately 1,000 live (not automated) telephone interviews with Americans age 18 and older via landline and cell phone are
conducted primarily by PSB (with supplemental support from ReconMR) each month, in coordination with Fannie Mae. For the sample to
accurately represent the U.S. population, 70% of calls are made to cell phones. The margin of error for the total sample is ±3.1% at the 95%
confidence level and larger for sub-groups. Most of the data collection occurs during the first two weeks of each month.
• The General Population data presented in this study has been weighted to make it reflective of the U.S. Census American Community Survey
demographic statistics in terms of gender, age, race/ethnicity, income, education, housing tenure, and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) phone type statistics.
• Respondents can volunteer a “don’t know” response on each question, which is why, in some cases, the total responses may not add up to 100%.
Research Methodology: Q4 2021 GP Sample
Sample Size Margin of Error
General Population (GP), including: 3,010 ±1.79%
Mortgage Holders 1,204 ±2.82%
Owners 1,926 ±2.23%
Renters 1,023 ±3.06%

15. 15
Q4 2021 Sample Sample Size Margin of Error
By Income
<80% AMI 932 ±3.21%
80%-120% AMI 448 ±4.63%
120%+ AMI 1125 ±2.92%
By Race
White, non-Hispanic 1,790 ±2.32%
Hispanic 569 ±4.11%
Black, non-Hispanic 358 ±5.18%
Asian, non-Hispanic 179 ±7.32%
By Age
18-34 903 ±3.26%
35-44 512 ±4.33%
45-64 963 ±3.16%
65+ 623 ±3.93%
Research Methodology – Sample Sizes by Demographic Groups (GP Sample)
*AMI ratio status for NHS respondents was determined by matching zip code to AMI, and using the mid point of a respondent’s income category in Q142 as a
proxy for income. Those who answered with “don’t know” for income or zip code, or where AMI data was not available for a zip code were not able to be coded.

16. 16
GP Sample GP
RACE AMI STATUS AGE
WHITE HISPANIC BLACK ASIAN <80% AMI
80%-120%
AMI
120%+ AMI 18-34 35-44 45-64 65+
N= 1926 1342 293 161 69 431 298 880 337 302 770 512
Very interested 13% 13% 12% 8% 27% 13% 15% 12% 19% 14% 13% 8%
Somewhat interested 19% 19% 25% 16% 13% 22% 23% 18% 29% 27% 18% 11%
Not very interested 12% 13% 12% 11% 2% 18% 9% 11% 16% 10% 12% 12%
Not at all interested 53% 54% 46% 62% 43% 45% 52% 56% 34% 48% 54% 66%
Don't know 3% 2% 4% 2% 15% 2% 1% 3% 2% .% 3% 4%
How interested would you be in installing solar panels, if you could include the cost in your mortgage loan?
Among all owners
Interest in Installing Solar Panels if Costs are included in Mortgage Loan
Note: A cell value of “.%” in a table means that the value is a non-zero number that was rounded to 0% (example: 0.3%).

17. 17
How interested would you be in making energy efficiency improvements to your home (e.g., additional insulation, HVAC replacement, energy efficient appliances) if you could include the costs in your mortgage
loan? Among All Owners
GP Sample GP
RACE AMI STATUS AGE
WHITE HISPANIC BLACK ASIAN <80% AMI
80%-120%
AMI
120%+ AMI 18-34 35-44 45-64 65+
N= 1926 1342 293 161 69 431 298 880 337 302 770 512
Very interested 14% 14% 14% 16% 22% 14% 14% 16% 20% 15% 15% 8%
Somewhat interested 20% 20% 24% 19% 23% 28% 23% 18% 31% 25% 19% 14%
Not very interested 13% 14% 13% 8% 7% 14% 12% 14% 13% 18% 11% 14%
Not at all interested 49% 50% 46% 56% 30% 42% 50% 49% 33% 40% 53% 59%
Don't know 3% 2% 3% 2% 18% 2% 2% 4% 3% 1% 3% 4%
Interest in Making Home Energy Efficiency Improvements if Costs are included in Mortgage Loan
Note: A cell value of “.%” in a table means that the value is a non-zero number that was rounded to 0% (example: 0.3%).

18. 18
GP Sample GP
RACE AMI STATUS AGE
WHITE HISPANIC BLACK ASIAN <80% AMI
80%-120%
AMI
120%+ AMI 18-34 35-44 45-64 65+
N= 1926 1342 293 161 69 431 298 880 337 302 770 512
Very interested 5% 4% 7% 10% 13% 7% 6% 4% 7% 8% 5% 3%
Somewhat interested 12% 9% 21% 13% 31% 16% 9% 12% 19% 14% 11% 8%
Not very interested 15% 16% 15% 12% 7% 17% 17% 14% 24% 16% 13% 11%
Not at all interested 65% 69% 54% 62% 47% 58% 66% 67% 48% 61% 70% 73%
Don't know 2% 2% 4% 3% 3% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 5%
How interested would you be in an overall home energy assessment, with a one-time fee of a few hundred dollars, that gives you recommendations on home energy improvement projects and the estimated cost
savings? Among All Owners
Interest in Home Energy Assessment that Gives Recommendations and Estimated Cost Savings
Note: A cell value of “.%” in a table means that the value is a non-zero number that was rounded to 0% (example: 0.3%).

19. 6% 9%B,C
4% 5% 7% 6% 7% 7%A 7% 6% 5%
11% 8%
10%
13%A,D 9% 10%
16%W
13%
6%
12% 10% 10%
36% 35%
34%
37% 36% 37%
30% 35%
32%
37% 39%
35%
46% 46%
49%
44% 45% 46% 45% 40%
62%
W,B,H
41% 45%
49%E
2% 2% 3% 2% 3%
2% 1% 4% 0% 3%F,G 0% 1%
All Owners 18-34
(A)
35-44
(B)
45-64
(C)
65+
(D)
White
(W)
Black
(B)
Hispanic
(H)
Asian*
(A)
<80% AMI
(E)
80-120%
AMI
(F)
120%+ AMI
(G)
19
Q4 2021 National Housing Survey
Since you have owned your home, how would you describe the amount of repairs needed to keep your home well-maintained?
Q: Since you have owned your home,how would you describe the amount of repairs needed to keep your home well-maintained?
A/B/C/D, W/B/H/A, E/F/G : Superscript denotes a % is significantly higher than the segment that the letter represents at
the 95% confidence level
* Smallsample size: Asian Owners (N=69)
Very Large
Large
Don’t know
Medium
Small
Size of repairs, in
addition to typical
maintenance costs:
Size of Home Repairs Needed to Maintain Home (Homeowners)
Size of Home Repair Costs Needed to Maintain Home – By All Owners, Age, Race, and AMI

20. GP Sample GP
WHITE HISPANIC BLACK ASIAN <80% AMI
80%-120%
AMI
120%+ AMI 18-34 35-44 45-64 65+
N= 1926 1342 293 161 69 431 298 880 337 302 770 512
Very large – major repairs required
every year, plus typical
maintenance costs
6% 6% 7% 7% 0% 7% 6% 5% 9% 4% 5% 7%
Large – a few major repairs
required, plus typical maintenance
costs
11% 10% 13% 16% 6% 12% 10% 10% 8% 10% 13% 9%
Medium – a few moderate repairs
required, plus typical maintenance
costs
36% 37% 35% 30% 32% 37% 39% 35% 35% 34% 37% 36%
Small – just small repairs, plus
typical maintenance costs
46% 46% 40% 45% 62% 41% 45% 49% 46% 49% 44% 45%
Don't know 2% 2% 4% 1% 0% 3% 0% 1% 2% 3% 2% 3%
Since you have owned your home, how would you describe the amount of repairs needed to keep your home well-maintained?
Among All Owners
Amount of Home Repairs Needed to Keep Home Well-Maintained
Note: A cell value of “.%” in a table means that the value is a non-zero number that was rounded to 0% (example: 0.3%).

21. 13% 12% 13% 14% 11% 14%
9% 11%
10% 14% 17%G
12%
20% 21% 18%
22%
19%
19%
22% 19%
44%
W,B,H
24%G 20%
18%
55% 55% 54%
53%
57%
57%H
55%
49%
46%
49% 49% 61%E,F
10% 11% 12% 8% 10% 8%A
12%A
17%W,A
9% 13%G
8%
2% 1% 2% 3% 3%
2%
2% 4% 0% 4%G 2% 1%
All Owners 18-34
(A)
35-44
(B)
45-64
(C)
65+
(D)
White
(W)
Black
(B)
Hispanic
(H)
Asian*
(A)
<80% AMI
(E)
80-120%
AMI
(F)
120%+ AMI
(G)
21
Costs Required vs. Expected to Make Repairs (Homeowners)
Q4 2021 National Housing Survey
Were the costs required to make these repairs to your home…
Q: Were the costs required to makethese repairs to your home…
A/B/C/D, W/B/H/A, E/F/G : Superscript denotes a % is significantly higher than the segment that the letter represents at
the 95% confidence level
* Smallsample size: Asian Owners (N=69)
Home Repair Costs Required vs. Expected – By All Owners, Age, Race, and AMI
Significantly higher
than expected
Somewhat higher
than expected
Don’t know
About the same as
expected
Less than expected

22. 22
GP Sample GP
RACE AMI STATUS AGE
WHITE HISPANIC BLACK ASIAN <80% AMI
80%-120%
AMI
120%+ AMI 18-34 35-44 45-64 65+
N= 1926 1342 293 161 69 431 298 880 337 302 770 512
Significantly higher than expected 13% 14% 11% 9% 10% 14% 17% 12% 12% 13% 14% 11%
Somewhat higher than expected 20% 19% 19% 22% 44% 24% 20% 18% 21% 18% 22% 19%
About the same as expected 55% 57% 49% 55% 46% 49% 49% 61% 55% 54% 53% 57%
Less than expected 10% 8% 17% 12% 0% 9% 13% 8% 11% 12% 8% 10%
Don't know 2% 2% 4% 2% 0% 4% 2% 1% 1% 2% 3% 3%
Were the costs required to make these repairs to your home…
Among All Owners
Costs Required vs. Expected for Home Repairs
Note: A cell value of “.%” in a table means that the value is a non-zero number that was rounded to 0% (example: 0.3%).

23. 23
Concern Over Unexpected Home Repair Costs
GP Sample GP
RACE AMI STATUS AGE
WHITE HISPANIC BLACK ASIAN <80% AMI
80%-120%
AMI
120%+ AMI 18-34 35-44 45-64 65+
N= 1926 1342 293 161 69 431 298 880 337 302 770 512
Very concerned 7% 6% 8% 13% 1% 10% 9% 5% 4% 7% 8% 6%
Somewhat concerned 21% 21% 28% 14% 21% 30% 27% 16% 26% 20% 21% 19%
Not very concerned 28% 29% 22% 27% 45% 24% 25% 30% 33% 34% 27% 22%
Not at all concerned 43% 43% 43% 45% 32% 34% 39% 48% 36% 37% 44% 51%
Don't know 1% 1% .% 1% 0% 2% 0% .% .% 2% .% 1%
How concerned are you, if at all, over unexpected home repair costs that could make it difficult to pay your mortgage or other regular monthly bills?
Among All Owners
Note: A cell value of “.%” in a table means that the value is a non-zero number that was rounded to 0% (example: 0.3%).

24. 24
Most Cost Burdensome Home Repair Items (Homeowners)
Homeowners
Q: What homemaintenance or repair items have been most cost-burdensome, if any?
W/B/H/A, A/B/C: Superscript denotes a % is significantly higher than the segment that the letter represents at the 95% confidence level within the year
27%A
23%H
19%
15%
15%H,A
14%
10%H
9%
7%
6%
12%
2%H
1%
By Race
Showing %, Ranked by Owners
26%
22%
19%
15%
14%
14%
9%
9%
8%
6%
13%
2%
1%
All Owners
Showing %, Ranked by Owners
80% - 120% AMI (B)
By AMI
Showing %, Ranked by Owners
<80% AMI (A) 120% + AMI (C)
White (W) Black (B) Hispanic (H) Asian (A)*
31%A
27%H
17%
11%
14%A
15%A
9%H
15%W,H,A
8%
10%C
11%
3%H
0%
31%C
23%
24%C
14%
13%
13%
8%
10%
11%C
6%
10%
1%
2%B
27%
23%
21%C
18%
13%
14%
7%
13%C
9%
8%
10%
2%
0%
24%
23%
15%
14%
14%
15%
9%
7%
6%
6%
13%
2%
1%
13%
19%
19%
15%
4%
0%
7%
4%
19%W,B
2%
10%
3%H
0%
24%A
17%
15%
13%
10%
17%A
3%
7%
10%
4%
14%
0
3%W
Exterior Structure (Roof, siding, windows, other)
HVAC (Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning)
Appliances/Major Equipment (Refrigerator, Water
Heater, other)
Kitchen or Bath Remodel
Plumbing/Electrical
Outside Property Improvements (Yard, fencing,
other)
Outside Additions (Porch, deck, garage, other)
Interior Structure (Insulation, flooring, walls, other)
Interior Room Additions (Kitchen, bedroom, other)
Disaster Repairs
None of the above
Other
Don't know
* Smallsample size: Asian Owners (N=69) Q4 2021 National Housing Survey
Most Cost Burdensome Home Repairs – By All Owners, Race, and AMI

25. 25
Most Cost-Burdensome Home Maintenance or Repair Items
GP Sample GP
RACE AMI STATUS AGE
WHITE HISPANIC BLACK ASIAN <80% AMI
80%-120%
AMI
120%+ AMI 18-34 35-44 45-64 65+
N= 1926 1342 293 161 69 431 298 880 337 302 770 512
Kitchen or Bath Remodel 15% 15% 13% 11% 15% 14% 18% 14% 11% 13% 15% 18%
Interior Room Additions
(Kitchen, bedroom, other)
8% 7% 10% 8% 19% 11% 9% 6% 6% 10% 7% 10%
Outside Additions (Porch, deck,
garage, other)
9% 10% 3% 9% 7% 8% 7% 9% 4% 7% 11% 9%
Exterior Structure (Roof, siding,
windows, other)
26% 27% 24% 31% 13% 31% 27% 24% 17% 17% 30% 32%
Interior Structure (Insulation,
flooring, walls, other)
9% 9% 7% 15% 4% 10% 13% 7% 8% 5% 11% 8%
Plumbing/Electrical 14% 15% 10% 14% 4% 13% 13% 14% 20% 10% 14% 11%
HVAC (Heating, ventilation, and
air conditioning)
22% 23% 17% 27% 19% 23% 23% 23% 20% 21% 24% 21%
Appliances/Major Equipment
(Refrigerator, Water Heater,
other)
19% 19% 15% 17% 19% 24% 21% 15% 23% 14% 18% 20%
Disaster Repairs 6% 6% 4% 10% 2% 6% 8% 6% 4% 9% 6% 6%
Outside Property Improvements
(Yard, fencing, other)
14% 14% 17% 15% 0% 13% 14% 15% 22% 21% 10% 12%
Other 2% 2% .% 3% 3% 1% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2%
None of the above 13% 12% 14% 11% 10% 10% 10% 13% 10% 12% 12% 16%
Don't know 1% 1% 3% 0% .% 2% .% 1% 2% 1% .% 2%
What home maintenance or repair items have been most cost-burdensome, if any?
Among All Owners
Note: A cell value of “.%” in a table means that the value is a non-zero number that was rounded to 0% (example: 0.3%).

26. 26
Main Reasons for Needing Home Repairs
Homeowners
Q: What are your main reasons for needing these home repairs?
W/B/H/A, A/B/C: Superscript denotes a % is significantly higher than the segment that the letter represents at the 95% confidence level within the year
50%
29%B
5%
3%
6%
8%
3%H
6%
1%
By Race
Showing %, Ranked by Owners
49%
28%
6%
3%
6%
9%
2%
6%
1%
All Owners
Showing %, Ranked by Owners
Main Reasons for Needing Home Repairs – By All Owners, Race, and AMI
By AMI
Showing %, Ranked by Owners
80% - 120% AMI (B)
<80% AMI (A) 120% + AMI (C)
White (W) Black (B) Hispanic (H) Asian (A)*
47%
20%
9%H
2%
6%
11%
2%
9%H
3%H
47%
32%B
3%
3%
9%A
10%
0%
3%
0%
56%
32%
16%W,H
0%
0%
6%
0%
6%
0%
50%
27%
7%C
4%
5%
10%
4%B
5%
1%
54%
29%
9%C
5%C
4%
7%
1%
5%
0%
48%
30%
4%
2%
7%
8%
3%
6%
1%
House is older, so items have broken or worn
down and need to be repaired/replaced
Remodeling - would like a more updated home
to maintain or improve the value of the home
Safety concerns
Accessibility concerns – areas need to be
accessible due to limited mobility
House is newer, but poorly constructed so
need to make repairs or replace items
Natural disaster repairs (e.g., hurricane,
flooding)
Other
None of the above
Don't know
* Smallsample size: Asian Owners (N=62) Q4 2021 National Housing Survey

27. 27
GP Sample GP
RACE AMI STATUS AGE
WHITE HISPANIC BLACK ASIAN <80% AMI
80%-120%
AMI
120%+ AMI 18-34 35-44 45-64 65+
N= 1661 1165 242 143 62 382 266 757 297 264 674 422
House is older, so items have
broken or worn down and need
to be repaired/replaced
49% 50% 47% 47% 56% 50% 54% 48% 48% 40% 52% 53%
Remodeling - would like a more
updated home to maintain or
improve the value of the home
28% 29% 32% 20% 32% 27% 29% 30% 25% 32% 31% 24%
Safety concerns 6% 5% 3% 9% 16% 7% 9% 4% 8% 5% 5% 6%
Accessibility concerns – areas
need to be accessible due to
limited mobility
3% 3% 3% 2% 0% 4% 5% 2% 2% 5% 2% 4%
House is newer, but poorly
constructed so need to make
repairs or replace items
6% 6% 9% 6% 0% 5% 4% 7% 7% 9% 5% 6%
Natural disaster repairs (e.g.,
hurricane, flooding)
9% 8% 10% 11% 6% 10% 7% 8% 10% 12% 8% 6%
Other 2% 3% .% 2% 0% 4% 1% 3% 4% 1% 2% 3%
None of the above 6% 6% 3% 9% 6% 5% 5% 6% 4% 4% 7% 9%
Don't know 1% 1% .% 3% 0% 1% .% 1% .% 1% 1% 2%
What are your main reasons for needing these home repairs?
Among All Owners
Main Reasons for Home Repairs
Note: A cell value of “.%” in a table means that the value is a non-zero number that was rounded to 0% (example: 0.3%).