Vactrain is the principle used for pneumatic transportation in both ET3 and Hyperloop .

1. VACTRAIN
Train that runs inside a vacuum
pipe!
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SEMINAR BY : AVIN GANAPATHI

2. VAC = VACUUM
+
TRAIN= A SERIES OF
CONNECTED VEHICLES
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3. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
WORKING
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE

4. INTRODUCTION
 Magnetically levitated train will run inside a
tunnel or pipe that contains no air.
 No drag or friction, so low power consumption
and high speeds.
 Use gravity to assist their acceleration.
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5. Principle of VACTRAIN
 Pneumatic Tube .
 Magnetic Levitation.
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7. HISTORY
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 Pneumatic Tube Transport.
Aeolian : George Medhurst.
Crystal Palace pneumatic railway.
Beach Pneumatic Transit Company.
Vactrain : Robert Goddard
Swissmetro.
The Very High Speed Transit System.
Evacuated Tube Transport Technologies (ET3).
Hyperloop.

8. Pneumatic Tube Transport
These are the systems that propel cylindrical
containers through a network of tubes by compressed air
or by partial vacuum. They are used for transporting
solid objects, as opposed to conventional pipelines,
which transport fluids.
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9. Aeolian
On September 1827 George Medhurst a Mechanical
Engineer in his book titled “Machinery for the rapid
Conveyance of Goods and Passengers by Air” proposed the
idea pneumatic transport.
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10. The Crystal Palace pneumatic railway was an
experimental atmospheric railway that was designed
by Thomas Webster Rammell in 1864
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11. In 1869, Alfred Ely Beach began constructing a
subway line beneath Broadway in which air pressure
in the tube pushed the cars.
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12. In the 1910s, vacuum train were first described
by rocket pioneer Robert Goddard.
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13. During the 1970s Robert M Salter of RAND
published an article about Very High Speed
Transit System (VHST).
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14. The ET3 Global Alliance was founded by Daryl
Oster in 1997 with the goal of establishing a global
transportation system .
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15. The Hyperloop is a conceptual high –speed
transportation system put forward by Elon
Musk of Tesla corporation.
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18. Rand Corporation
The Vactrain is a magnetically levitated, or
magnetically powered, train system running in
evacuated or partly evacuated tubes or tunnels.
The lack of air resistance could permit vactrains to
use little power and to move at extremely high
speeds, up to 4000-5000 mph (6400-8000 km/h, 2
km/s), or 5-6 times the speed of sound (Mach 1) at
standard conditions.
 It explained there is the extremely important
matter of the use and conservation of immense
amounts of energy needed to move the vehicles at
such great speed.
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20. Evacuated Tube Transport Technologies(ET3)
Car sized passenger capsules travel in 1.5m (5')
diameter tubes on frictionless maglev. Air is
permanently removed from the two-way tubes that
are built along a travel route.
 Airlocks at stations allow transfer of capsules
without admitting air. Linear electric motors
accelerate the capsules, which then coast through
the vacuum for the remainder of the trip using no
additional power.
Most of the energy is regenerated as the capsules
slow down. ET3 can provide 50 times more
transportation per kWh than electric cars or trains.
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21. Speed in initial ET3 systems is 600km/h
(370 mph) for in state trips, and will be developed to
6,500 km/h (4,000 mph) for international travel that
will allow passenger or cargo travel from New York
to Beijing in 2 hours. ET3 is networked like
freeways, except the capsules are automatically
routed from origin to destination.
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23. HYPERLOOP
The Hyperloop concept is proposed to operate by sending
specially designed "capsules" or "pods" through a continuous steel
tube maintained at a partial vacuum. Each capsule floats on a 0.5-
to-1.3-millimetre (0.02 to 0.05 in) layer of air provided under
pressure to air-bearing "skis", similar to how pucks are suspended
in an air hockey table, thus avoiding the use of maglev while still
allowing for speeds which wheels cannot sustain.
Linear induction motors located along the tube would accelerate
and decelerate the capsule to the appropriate speed for each
section of the tube route. With rolling resistance eliminated and air
resistance greatly reduced, the capsules are theorized to be able to
glide for the bulk of the journey.
In the Hyperloop concept, an electrically driven inlet fan and air
compressor would be placed at the nose of the capsule in order to
"actively transfer high pressure air from the front to the rear of the
vessel," resolving the problem of high speed transport in a tube that
is not a hard vacuum, wherein pressure builds up in front of the
vehicle, slowing it down.
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25. Capsule
The capsules, which are proposed to be 2.23 metres (7 ft 4 in) in
diameter for the passenger-only version, are projected to reach a
top speed of 760 mph (1,220 km/h) so as to maintain aerodynamic
efficiency, and the design proposes that passengers will experience
a maximum inertial acceleration of 0.5 g, about 2 or 3 times that of
a commercial airliner on takeoff and landing. At those speeds there
would not be a sonic boom; with low-pressure warm air inside the
tubes, Musk hypothesizes that the pods could travel at high speeds
without crossing the sound barrier.
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26. Design Process
 The simulation showed that the capsule design would need to be
significantly reshaped to avoid creating supersonic airflow, and that the gap
between the tube wall and capsule would need to be larger.
 In October 2013, the development team of the OpenMDAO software
framework released an unfinished, conceptual open-source model of parts
of the Hyperloop's propulsion system. The team asserted that the model
demonstrated the concept's feasibility, although the tube would need to be
13 feet (4 m) in diameter, significantly larger than originally projected.
 In November 2013, MathWorks published a blog post with analysis of the
route in the initial proposal. The analysis focused on acceleration forces that
would be experienced by passengers along the journey and the necessary
deviations from public roadways in order to keep the accelerations
reasonable.
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28. In September 2013, Ansys Corporation ran
computational fluid dynamics simulations to
model the aerodynamics of the capsule and
shear stress forces that the capsule would be
subjected to. The simulation showed that the
capsule design would need to be significantly
reshaped to avoid creating supersonic airflow,
and that the gap between the tube wall and
capsule would need to be larger. Sandeep
Sovani said the simulation showed that
Hyperloop has challenges but that he is
convinced it is feasible.
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31. Hyperloop Passenger Capsule
Hyperloop capsules will float above the tube’s
surface on an array of 28 air bearing skis that are
geometrically conformed to the tube walls. The skis,
each 4.9 ft (1.5 meters) in length and 3.0 ft (0.9 meters)
in width, support the weight of the capsule by floating on
a pressurized cushion of air 0.020 to 0.050 in. (0.5 to 1.3
mm) off the ground. Peak pressures beneath the skis
need only reach 1.4 psi (9.4 kPa) to support the
passenger capsule (9% of sea level atmospheric
pressure). The skis depend on two mechanisms to
pressurize the thin air film: external pressurization and
aerodynamics.
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33. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
 Safer.
 Faster.
 Lower cost.
 More convenient.
 Immune to weather.
 Sustainably self powering.
 Resistant to Earthquakes.
 Not disruptive to those along the route.
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35. DISADVANTAGES
Punctured tunnel could cause shock-
waves.
High speed might cause dizziness in some
passengers.
High speed might cause dizziness in some
passengers.
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36. CASE STUDY
Artificial Vacuum.
Design & Design Practice.
Design Process .
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39. CONCLUSION
I analyzed the practicability of a Vactrain and
how it would impact the world. In the world of today,
where distances are no longer a constraint to
communication, the next expected step is high speed
travel.
The Vactrain outweighs the current modes of
transport in several ways, making it a ground-breaking
idea. It has a clear edge over present airplanes, trains
and automobiles as it causes no pollution and does not
operate with gas or petroleum.
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REFERENCES
George Medhurst, A New method of conveying letters and
goods with great certainty and rapidity by air. London: 1810.
George Medhurst, Calculations and remarks tending to
prove the practicability ... of a plan for the rapid conveyance of
goods and passengers upon an iron road through a tube of 30
feet in area, by the power and velocity of air. London: 1812.
Musk, Elon (August 12, 2013). "Hyperloop Alpha" SpaceX.
Retrieved August 13, 2013.
"Beyond the hype of Hyperloop: An analysis of Elon Musk's
proposed transit system" Gizmag.com. August 22, 2013.
Retrieved August 23, 2013.

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