Islip High School's 2009 Student Symposium Presentations

1. The 6 th Annual Islip High School Science Symposium

2. http://www.reefkorea.org/member/board/data/data/Limulus_polyphemus.jpg

4. HYPOTHESIS H1: The initial hypothesis was that the presence of brown tide in the Limulus polyphemus’ habitat would cause a decline in the Limulus polyphemus population. H2: The hypothesis for the second experiment was that due to the increasing ratio of male to female Limulus polyphemus, there would be an overall population decline.

5. PROCEDURES The procedure for both experiments were similar. The goal was to use past surveys to compare and determine whether or not there was a trend or relationship between the variables. In the first experiment this would be to observe the amount of brown tide cells as compared to the number of spawning females in both Delaware and New Jersey. The procedure for the second experiment was to observe the increasing ratio of male to female Limulus polyphemus’ and the overall population of the Limulus polyphemus.

6. Delaware Year Yearly ISA Brown Tide Cells (per ml) 1999 .93204 1.96 x 10^5 2000 1.01971 6.10 x 10^5 2001 .82268 4.20 x 10^5 2002 .76155 1.70 x 10^3 2003 .80909 5.30 x 10^5 2004 .76031 2.2 x 10^6

7. New Jersey Year Yearly ISA Brown Tide Cells (per ml) 1999 .6149 2.89 x 10^6 2000 .80267 2.20 x 10^6 2001 .63964 1.90 x 10^6 2002 1.09376 1.75 x 10^6 2003 .82703 1.70 x 10^3 2004 .77643 1.70 x 10^3

10. Year Males / Female Estimated Population 2001 3.38 5,604, 000 2002 3.48 4,480,000 2003 3.61 4,102,900 2004 3.85 3,395,000 2005 3.89 2,689,500 2006 4.53 2,654,400 2007 4.90 2,360,000

11. CONCLUSION In every year since 2001, the male to female ratio has been increasing. In the last 3 years alone the record has been eclipsed the following year. This overall shortage of females in comparison to the males may indicate an overall drop in fertilized eggs laid each year. This trend would also go support the observation that the overall population has been declining in recent years.

12. FUTURE RESEARCH In conclusion, the brown tide was found to have a small if any effect on the Limulus polyphemus populations. In the second experiment, the male to female ratio increased as the overall population decreased. Future studies of more complete survey counts may confirm suspicions that the overall North American L. polyphemus populations are in decline. If so, male to female ratios present a viable cause for this decline, and may aid conservation efforts. By preserving females, the overall population may recover.

14. http://www.reefkorea.org/member/board/data/data/Limulus_polyphemus.jpg

15. The 6 th Annual Islip High School Science Symposium

16. Amateur Guided Rocketry Using the Sun as a Guidance Design and construction of a computer Guided rocket Experiment by: Michael Nelson

18. About the Basic Stamp The Basic Stamp is a micro controller with a small specialized Basic interpreter. ( Built into ROM) It is made by Parallax, Inc. and has been quite popular with electronics hobbyist since the early 1990’s due to its low threshold of learning and ease of use, because of its simple language. The basic stamp is in the form of a DIP chip. It has all of the elements of a microprocessor system.

20. What the Basic Stamp will see SUN Sun

21. What the Basic Stamp will see SUN Sun

22. What the Basic Stamp will see SUN Sun

24. Rocket Diagram

25. Rocket Specifications Weight: Launch weight: 5.56 lb. Empty weight: 3.32 lb. Engine configuration: Stage 1 Engines: 1 * Aerotech G80 (3.76 oz.) Flight Prediction results: Max. height: 742.00 ft. Max. velocity: 249.23 ft/s Max. acceleration: 269.04 ft/s² Best delay: 6.15 s Min. launch rod length: 6.00 ft. Stability results: Center Of Pressure (CP) : 2.89 ft. behind nose cone Center Of Gravity (CG) : 1.87 ft. behind nose cone Rocket is stable (4.09 calibers) Other Rocket data: Rocket length: 4.58 ft.

27. Amateur Guided Rocketry Using the Sun as a Guidance Design and construction of a computer Guided rocket

28. The 6 th Annual Islip High School Science Symposium

29. The Biological Sterilization of Petunia xhybrida Using the Excessmicrosporcytes1 Gene By Michael Fahner

35. First Polymerase Chain Reaction: Reagents 10x Buffer- 2ul DNTp- .5ul Taq- .1ul Template- 1ul Forward Primer- .5ul (From 12.5uM dilution) Reverse Primer- .5ul (From 12.5uM dilution) Water-14.8ul Total= 20ul Program 94 o - 5min 94 o - 30s Repeat 55 o - 30s 39 72 o - 30s Times 72 o - 5min 10 o - Pause EMS1 degenerate primers: Forward: EMETLGK GGN AT G GA(A/G ) ACN (T/C)TN GGN AA(A/G) (21mer. degeneracy 2-11, Tm=63+7) GGN ATG GA(A/G) ACN (T/C)TN GGN (18mer, degeneracy 2-10, Tm=56+6) Reverse: GGNLVGW GGN GGN AA(C/T) (T/C)TN GTN GGN TGG CCA NCC NAC NA(G/A) (G/A)TT NCC NCC (21mer, degeneracy 2-11, Tm=67+7) CCA NCC NAC NA(G/A) (G/A)TT NCC (degeneracy 2-10, Tm 56=6) Assume Tm for G/C is 4, A/T is 2 and N is 3.

36. Data Test 1 The far left column is the Petunia cDNA, the next is the DNA from Columbia Arabidopsis and the third is the control cDNA. The fourth column is the marker. Data Test 2 The ladder is to the far left—starting from the next column, Petunia cDNA, Columbia DNA, and Control cDNA with a 50 degree annealing temperature. Next, the same templates but with 56 degree annealing temperature and finally the last three are the touchdown. 7/14/08

37. Data Test 4 The second, third and fourth column after the ladder revealed nothing; therefore the PCR was a unsuccessful. 8/6/08 Data Test 3 After the marker, a column is skipped but then there is Petunia cDNA, Petunia DNA, and Control cDNA with 200nM primer concentration. The next three have 1uM primer concentration. The last three have 4uM primer concentration.

38. Data Test 6 The first two columns are 4uM cDNA and DNA at 45 degree annealing temperature. The next two are 8uM primer concentrations, with a 45 degree annealing temperature. The next two are extracted DNA with 4uM and 8uM primer concentration at a 45 degree annealing. The final two are ten fold dilutions of cDNA. This new reaction had a 45 degree annealing temperature and used both 4uM and 8uM primer concentrations. Petunia cDNA, Petunia DNA and some DNA from the last gel extraction were used as templates. In two more tubes, Petunia cDNA was diluted ten fold. Data Test 5 After the ladder, the first two columns are Petunia cDNA and Petunia DNA with 45 degree annealing and 4uM primer concentration. The next two are 8uM concentration with a 45 degree annealing temperature. Fifth and sixth columns are 4uM primers with 50 degree annealing temperature and the last column is a 50 degree annealing temperature with 8uM primer concentration.

39. Data Test 8 The second column after the marker contained 2 uM MG +2 , the next 2.5 uM MG +2 , 3 uM MG +2 , 3.5 uM MG +2 , 4 uM MG +2 , 5 uM MG +2 , 6 uM MG +2 , and in the final column tube 1.5 uM MG +2 was added with 5% DMSO. Data Test 7 The first two columns after the ladder are cDNA and DNA with 8uM primer concentration and 45 degree annealing temperature. The next two are the same except for a 50 degree annealing temperature.

40. Data Test 10 The first two columns after the ladder are cDNA and Petunia DNA. Dilutions of two, four and ten fold cDNA are the next three columns and DNA dilutions are the next three after that. The final two columns are extracted DNA templates. Data Test 9 The first column after the marker contained 2 uM MG +2 , the next 2.5 uM MG +2 , 3 uM MG +2 , 3.5 uM MG +2 , 4 uM MG +2 , 5 uM MG +2 , 6 uM MG +2 , and in the final column tube 1.5 uM MG +2 was added with 5% DMSO.

42. Lacroix, Benoit et al. (2006).Will You Let Me Use Your Nucleus? How Agrobacterium Gets its T-DNA Expressed in the Host Plant Cell. Pharmacol. 84, 333-345. Tzfira, Tzvi et al. (2006).Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of plants: biology and biotechnology. Current opinion in Biotechnology. 17, 147-154. Zhang, Wei et al. (2006).Regulation of arabidopsis tapetum development and function by DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM1 (DYT1) encoding a putative bHLH transcription factor. Development. 133, 3085-3095. Tzfira, Tzvi et al. (2004).Agrobacterium T-DNA Integration: molecules and models. TRENDS in Genetics . 20, 375-383 . Zhao, Dazhong et al. (2003).Members of the arabidopsis- skip1-like gene family exhibit a variety of expression patterns and may play diverse roles in arabidopsis. Plant Physiology. 133, 203-217. Zhao, Da-Zhong et al. (2002).The EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES1 gene encodes a putative leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase that controls somatic and reproductive cell fates in the Arabidopsis anther . Genes and Development. 16, 2021-2031. Bibliography

43. Tzfira, Tzvi et al. (2002).Partners-in-infection: host proteins involved in the transformation of plant cells by Agrobacterium . TRENDS in Cell Biology. 12, 121-129. Azumi, Yoshitaka et al. (2002).Homolog interaction during meiotic prophase I in Arabidopsis requires the SOLO DANCERS gene encoding a novel cyclin-like protein . EMBO . 21, 3081-3095. Zhao, Dazhong et al. (2001).The ASK1 gene regulates development and interacts with the UFO gene to control floral organ identity in Arabidopsis.. Development. 128, 2735-2746. Yang, Ming et al. (1999).The Arabidopsis SKP1-LIKE1 gene is essential for male meiosis and may control homologue separation . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96, 11416-11421. Bibliography A Special Thanks To… Dr.Hong Ma Professor of Biology Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University Dr.Lawrance Hobbie Science Chairman Department of Biology Adelphi University

44. The Biological Sterilization of Petunia xhybrida Using the Excessmicrosporcytes1 Gene By Michael Fahner

45. The 6 th Annual Islip High School Science Symposium