SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 103
Qualitative data collection
Data is not just numbers, human emotions,
expressions are also a type of data
CONTENTS OF THIS TEMPLATE
This is a slide structure based on a Multi-purpose presentation
You can delete this slide when you’re done editing the presentation
Fonts: To view this template correctly in PowerPoint, download and install the fonts we used
Used and alternative resources: An assortment of graphic resources that are suitable for use in this presentation
Thanks slide: You must keep it so that proper credits for our design are given
Colors: All the colors used in this presentation
Infographic resources: These can be used in the template, and their size and color can be edited
Customizable icons: They are sorted by theme so you can use them in all kinds of presentations
For more info:
SLIDESGO | SLIDESGO SCHOOL | FAQS
You can visit our sister projects:
FREEPIK | FLATICON | STORYSET | WEPIK | VIDFY
Research Interview
The research interview is a purposeful conversation between two or more people, requiring
the interviewer to establish rapport and ask concise and unambiguous questions, to which
the interviewee is willing to respond, and to listen attentively.
Essentially it is about asking purposeful questions and carefully listening to the answers to
be able to explore these further.
Types of Interview
Structured
Interview
Unstructured
Interview/
Indepth
Interviews
Semi Structured
Interview
1
3
2
Structured Interview
• Structured interviews use questionnaires based on a predetermined and ‘standardised’
or identical set of questions and we refer to them as interviewer-completed
questionnaires.
• You would read out each question and then record the response on a standardised
schedule, usually with pre-coded answers
• The questions should be asked exactly as written and in the same tone of voice so that
you do not indicate any bias
• As structured interviews are used to collect quantifiable data they are also referred to as
‘quantitative research interviews’
Semi-Structured Interview
By comparison, semi-structured and in-depth (unstructured) interviews are
‘nonstandardised’.
These are often referred to as qualitative research interviews. In semi-structured interviews
the researcher has a list of themes and possibly some key questions to be covered.
Interviewer has a choice to choose the questions and skip the questions based on the
scenario.
Unstructured Interview
● Unstructured interviews are informal. You would use these to explore in depth a general
area in which you are interested.
● There is no predetermined list of questions to ask, although you need to have a clear
idea about the aspect or aspects that you want to explore.
● The interviewee is given the opportunity to talk freely about events, behaviour and
beliefs in relation to the topic area, so that this type of interaction is sometimes called
non-directive
● A formal arrangement to an informal process
Usage of Interviews for Different
Purpose
Observation
1. If you want to know what other person is doing, the obvious thing that you do is---------------
2. Systematic Observation, recording, description, analysis
Participative observation and structured observation
1. Very Familiar in the field of sociology and anthropology.
2. It was initially encouraged in chigo school of social research for its students
3. Researcher attempts to participate fully/ partially in the activities of subjects.
4. Researcher not be able to observe what is happening, he/she will be able to feel it
5. The process of immersion, the researcher learns by directly experiencing the social
situation or research setting.
Becoming the part of tailor community to understand problems in Garments
6. Immersion is the key differentiator compared to other tools
Types of participative Observation
Complete participant observation
• The complete participant role sees you as the researcher attempting to become a member of
the group in which you are researching.
• You do not reveal your true purpose to the group members.
• Eg: Drinking during lunch time.
• Is it questionable in the purview of ethics? Spying
• It is not recommended to get in to such acts that results the other person in to problem.
Breech of contracts, trust and creating problems
• It is recommended to maintain the anonymity.
Complete observer
• The researcher wouldn’t reveal his the identity
• Unlike the complete participant the researcher will not take part in the activities of the
research group
• Eg: Mystery shoppers
• Which checkouts do they choose?
• How much interaction is there with fellow shoppers and the cashier?
• How do they appear to be influenced by the attitude of the cashier?
• What level of impatience is displayed when delays are experienced?
Observer as a participant
As a researcher you would be the spectator of group performance.
Your Identity as a researcher would be clear to all the participants
As a researcher you would be able to focus on your observation.
Just being a observer as a participant will allow researcher to write, note down points,
insights, events as in when it occurs.
There are some things that you would loose as just being as a observer. Feelings & emotions
on the receivers end.
Participant as a Observer
Your Identity as a researcher would be clear to all the participants.
Researcher would be part of the study group, with a aim to gain trust.
For example, Waddington (2004) describes his experiences of being a participant-as-
observer, in which he participated in a strike, spending long hours on the picket line and
socialising with those on strike, without being an employee of the company involved
Lets figure it out.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqGtAHij7Q0
Advantages and Disadvantages
Lets figure it out.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqGtAHij7Q0
Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a tentative solution or explanation or a guess or assumption or a proposition or a
statement to the problem facing the researcher, adopted on a cursory observation of known and
available data, as a basis of investigation, whose validity is to be tested or verified.
Hypothesis is often considered a tentative and testable statement of the possible relationship
between two or more events or variables under investigation.
Hypothesis testing enables the researcher to decide whether data from a sample will provide
support to a particular hypothesis, based on which it can be generalized to the overall population
Eg: the purchase manager of a machine tool-making company has to decide whether to buy
castings from a new supplier or not. The new supplier claims that his castings have higher
hardness than those of the competitors. Our hypothesis for this example could be that the mean
hardness of castings supplied by the new supplier is less than or equal to 20 (say), where 20 is
the mean hardness of castings, supplied by existing suppliers.
Characteristics of Hypothesis
1. Provides Directional : To ensure it avoids unnecessary literature collection, collect only
exclusive data.
“Study habits and achievement of Children in Villages,” – Research Problem
Hypothesis: Hypothesis as, “Children in Villages put in more study hours, and achieve more in the
examination.
2. Testable: Hypotheses should be stated in such a way as to indicate an expected difference or
an expected relationship between the measures used in the research.
Eg: Students who attend class have higher grades than students who skip class
Ultraviolet light could cause cancer.
3. Hypothesis should be brief and clear.
Hypothesis should make problems easier for the reader to understand and also for the researcher
to test. The statement should be a concise statement of the relationship expected.
Types of Hypothesis
1. Null Hypothesis
Null hypothesis is symbolized as H0
In its simplest form, this hypothesis asserts that there is no true difference between two
population means
If the difference between the sample means is found significant the researcher can reject the null
hypothesis.
It indicates that the differences are statistically significant and acceptance of null hypothesis
indicates that the differences are due to chance.
Under this type, the hypothesis is stated negatively:
The rejection of a null hypothesis implies that the difference could not have arisen due to chance
or sampling fluctuations.
Types of Hypothesis
1. Alternate Hypothesis
• Alternative hypothesis is symbolized as H H 1 or A
• that specifies those are the values that the researcher believes to hold true,
• Researcher Believes that the sample data collected will lead to acceptance of the statement.
Types of Alternate Hypo
1. Directional and Non Directional
Covid 19 has an impact on Human memory power
Covid-19 has an positive impact on human memory power.
Types of Hypothesis
.
Statistical hypotheses
are the statements derived from a sample.
These are quantitative in nature and are numerically measurable.
For example, the market share of product X is 60%, the average life of a tube light is 2,500 hours,
etc
Sources of Hypothesis
• Theory
• Observation
• Intuitions and Personal Experience
• Findings of the study
• Continuity of research
Hypothesis Formulation
Following are the considerations while stating the Hypothesis:
• 1. The null and alternate hypotheses need to be formulated before the sample is drawn.
• 2. The hypotheses need to be specific and devoid of any ambiguity.
• 3. The hypotheses need to be formulated in such a way that they are fit for testing and take
less time and effort for testing.
• 4. Generally, a hypothesis that is chosen as the null hypothesis will be the one intended to be
disproved, and hypothesis that is chosen as the alternate hypothesis will be the one intended
to be proved.
• 5. Concluding that we are accepting the null hypothesis doesn’t imply that the null hypothesis
is true. It only means that there is no significant statistical evidence to reject the null
hypothesis. However, we use the term “accept the null hypothesis” for our convenience
Measurement Scale
Nominal Scale
• Nominal scale is simply a system of assigning number symbols to events in order to
label them.
• Nominal scales provide convenient ways of keeping track of people, objects and
events.
• It indicates no order or distance relationship and has no arithmetic origin.
• Nos assigned to basket ball players
• No Mathematical functional can be applied..!- Can be applied forcefully but no logic
can meaning can be induced.
• The arithmetic function that be applied is counting no of cases, and mode.
• Where do you live- Karnataka- 1, Andra- 2, WB-3
Measurement Scale
Ordinal Scale
• The ordinal scale places events, things, person in an order, but there is no attempt to
make the intervals of the scale equal in terms of some rule.
• Ordinal scales only permit the ranking of items from highest to lowest.
• Ordinal measures have no absolute values, and the real differences between adjacent
ranks may not be equal.
• All that can be said is that one person is higher or lower on the scale than another, but
more precise comparisons cannot be made
• The use of an ordinal scale implies a statement of ‘greater than’ or ‘less than’
(an equality statement is also acceptable) without our being able to state how
much greater or less.
• Classroom Ranking: Rank 1: 80, Rank 2: 70, Rank 3: 50, Rank 6: 40
• Non Parametric Tests Can be used.
Measurement Scale
Interval Scale
• Interval scales provide more powerful measurement than ordinal scales,
• Interval scale also incorporates the concept of equality of interval.
• Interval scales hold no true zero and can represent values below zero.
• Any measurement of interval scale can be ranked, counted, subtracted, or added,
and equal intervals separate each number on the scale.
• Temperature Increase from 30 C to 40 C is same as the 70 C to 80 C.
Measurement Scale
Ratio Scale
Ratio variables, on the other hand, never fall below zero.
Highest Order Scale
It has absolute Zero
Eg: Age, money, Height and weight
Zero grams of gold. Means that there is no gold as such.
Research Proposal
It is referred to as protocol or outline
It is a structured plan of your proposed research project. It provides a step by step
guidelines to researcher on the approach he/she has to take.
Three Criteria to assess the proposals
1. Coherence ( Order and Logic)
2. Ethical Clearance ( Participations approval, data storage, confidentially of the data,
3. Feasibility
Do not have the tone of ‘Of course, I know what the answer will be’. When asked to explain
the purpose of doing the research if he already knew.
Title
Title The title should simply and concisely summarise the research question. It should avoid
unnecessary phrases such as, ‘
A study to explore …’ Instead it should reflect the concepts or variables in your research
If your research question changes, this will naturally lead to a change to your title.
Examples
‘Reasons for mismatch between corporate strategy and the external environment.’
Background
Literature Review
Theories
Pioneers
How they have defined the concepts and variables
Its not the critical review that you will be doing in your final report. But instead they focus on
which theory or theories will inform what I am doing and how I will use it or them’.
Research objectives
Research questions, aim and objectives
Case study.
Methodology
How will I Conduct the research?
This section consists of research design, participants, techniques and procedures and ethical
considerations.
Quantitively vs qualitative
You will also need to select one or more research strategies (e.g. an experiment, a case study,
a survey, a Grounded Theory strategy
What type of data?
Probability vs non probability of sampling
How will I collect the data? Populations, organisation details, Duration for collecting the data
How will I analyse the data, Ethical storage of data.
Defining the research question Imran was studying for a BSc in Business Management
and undertaking his placement year in an advanced consumer electronics company.
When he first joined the company he was surprised to note that the company’s
business strategy, which was announced in the company newsletter, seemed to be
inconsistent with what Imran knew of the product market. Imran had become
particularly interested in corporate strategy in his degree. He was familiar with some
of the literature which suggested that corporate strategy should be linked to the
general external environment in which the organisation operated. He wanted to do
some research on corporate strategy in his organisation for his degree dissertation.
After talking this over with his project tutor, Imran decided on the following research
question: ‘
Research Question
‘Why does [organisation’s name]’s corporate strategy not seem to reflect the major factors
in the external operating environme
Evaluate your research Proposal
Have I explained what am I going to do? ✔ Have I explained why I am doing this? ✔ Have I
said why it is worth doing? ✔ Have I explained how it relates to what has been done
before in my subject area? ✔ Have I stated which theory or theories will inform what I
am doing and how I will use it or them? ✔ Have I stated my research question(s),
research aim and my research objectives? ✔ Have I outlined how I will conduct my
research? ✔ Have I outlined my research design? ✔ Have I outlined what data I need?
✔ Have I stated who and where my intended participants are? ✔ Have I explained how
I will select my participants? ✔ Have I explained how I will gain access? ✔ Have I
outlined how I will collect my data? ✔ Have I outlined how I will analyse my data and
use this to develop theoretical explanations? ✔ Have I outlined what data quality issues
I might encounter? ✔ Have I outlined how I will seek to overcome these data quality
issues? ✔ Have I considered the ethical issues I might encounter at each stage of my
research? ✔ Have I outlined how I will address these?
Report Meaning
A report is a detailed description of what has been done and how it has been done with
respect to a particular area or topic
.
The purpose od the written report is to present the results of research more importantly
to provide a persuasive argument to reader of what the researcher has researcher
has found
Report Writing
• Your brilliant idea, with logically formulated hypothesis and generalizable solutions get
wasted if the researcher fails to communicate to the right audience in the right way.
• As the end goal of research is add knowledge and pass it on the society for betterment.
• Research report is a integral part of research journey
Types of reports
1. Technical report
Emphasis on the i) methods employed ii) assumptions made in the case iii) detail writing on the
findings and analysis
A general outline of a technical report can be as follows:
1. Summary of results: A brief review of the main findings just in two or three pages.
2. Nature of the study: Description of the general objectives of study, formulation of the problem
in operational terms, the working hypothesis, the type of analysis and data required, etc.
3. Methods employed: Specific methods used in the study and their limitations. For instance, in
sampling studies we should give details of sample design viz., sample size, sample selection,
etc.
4. Data: Discussion of data collected, their sources, characteristics and limitations. If secondary
data are used, their suitability to the problem at hand be fully assessed. In case of a survey, the
manner in which data were collected should be fully described.
.5. Analysis of data and presentation of findings: The analysis of data and presentation
of the findings of the study with supporting data in the form of tables and charts be
fully narrated. This, in fact, happens to be the main body of the report usually
extending over several chapters.
6. Conclusions: A detailed summary of the findings and the policy implications drawn
from the results be explained.
7. Bibliography: Bibliography of various sources consulted be prepared and attached.
8. Technical appendices: Appendices be given for all technical matters relating to
questionnaire, mathematical derivations, elaboration on particular technique of
analysis and the like ones.
9. Index: Index must be prepared and be given invariably in the report at the end.
Types of report
The popular report is one which gives emphasis on simplicity and attractiveness.
Simplification with clear writing
Minimizing the technical aspects (Mathematical aspects)
Liberal use of charts and diagrams
Attractive Layouts
Occasional cartoon
Reports give importance to practical aspects and policy implications
Types of report
1.The findings and their implications: Emphasis in the report is given on the findings of
most practical interest and on the implications of these findings.
2. Recommendations for action: Recommendations for action on the basis of the
findings of the study is made in this section of the report.
3. Objective of the study: A general review of how the problem arise is presented along
with the specific objectives of the project under study.
4. Methods employed: A brief and non-technical description of the methods and
techniques used, including a short review of the data on which the study is based, is
given in this part of the report.
5. Results: This section constitutes the main body of the report wherein the results of the
study are presented in clear and non-technical terms with liberal use of all sorts of
illustrations such as charts, diagrams and the like ones.
6. Technical appendices: More detailed information on methods used, forms, etc. is
presented in the form of appendices. But the appendices are often not detailed if the
report is entirely meant for general public
Report Layout
1. Preliminary stage
 Title
 Acknowledgements and preface
 Table of contents
 Tables and illustrations
2. Main Body
The main text of the report should have the following sections: (i) Introduction; (ii)
Statement of findings and recommendations; (iii) The results; (iv) The implications drawn
from the results; and (v) The summary.
3. End Matter
i). Appendices ii) questionnaires, iii) sample information, iv) Mathematical derivations
Precautions while writing the
report
• Length
• Should sustain the interest of the readers
• Abstract and jargons to be avoided
• Quick information seeking (insert charts and tables) Inforgraphs
• Should be aligned with the objectives
• Grammatically corrects, sticking to the instructions of footnotes, abbrevations..etc
• Solution to the problem- Intellectual document
• Provide insights on the future scope
• Problems that may occur while implementing the solutions
• Well formatted- Uniform text style, color- Asthetic and appearance
• Index that navigates the reader
Lets check the Grammar
Q. Each pronoun should agree with their antecedent
A.Each pronoun should agree with its antecedent
Q. Just between you and I, case is important
A. Just between you and me, case is important
Q. Verbs has to agree with their subject
A.Verbs have to agree with their subject
Q. The data is included in this section
A. The data are included in this section
Data
Quantitative data in a raw form, that is, before these data have been processed and analysed,
convey very little meaning to most people.
fore these data have been processed and analysed, convey very little meaning to most people.
These data, therefore, need to be processed to make them useful, that is, to turn them into
information
Quantitative analysis techniques such as tables, graphs and statistics allow us to do this, helping
us to explore, present, describe and examine relationships and trends within our data.
Data can be obtained through primary sources and Secondary sources.
Types of Data
Career path business analyst
Key Characteristics of
BA
• Curiosity
• Logical problem
solving
• High Attention to
details
• Stake holder
management
• Cross Functional
management
Spectrum of Business Analytics
Report
ing
Detect
ive
Analyt
ics
Busin
ess
Intellig
ence
Predic
tive
Modell
ing
AI and
ML
C
O
M
P
L
E
X
I
T
Y
BUSINESS VALUE
MIS
Data
Visualisation
Dash Board
Neural
Networks
Deep
Learning
Charts
Statistical
Modelling
Forecasting
Business Analyst
Areas of working
Scope of business analytics
WHOA!
This can be the part of the presentation where you
introduce yourself, write your email…
THE BUSINESS
1
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
OUR COMPANY
You can give a brief description of the topic you want to talk about here. For
example, if you want to talk about Mercury, you can say that it’s the smallest
planet in the entire Solar System
Mercury
CHARACTERISTICS
Venus
Venus is the second planet from
the Sun
Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest one
ANALYSIS OF THE RESEARCH
Mars
Mars is actually a
very cold place
Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Jupiter
It’s the biggest
planet of them all
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant
and has rings
Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
It’s the farthest planet
from the Sun
THE USE OF SWOT ANALYSIS
Mercury
Mars is actually a very
cold place
It’s the closest planet
to the Sun
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant
and has several rings
Neptune
Mars
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
AWESOME
WORDS
—SOMEONE FAMOUS
“This is a quote, words full of wisdom
that someone important said and can
make the reader get inspired.”
A PICTURE IS
WORTH A
THOUSAND
WORDS
A PICTURE ALWAYS
REINFORCES THE CONCEPT
Images reveal large amounts of data, so remember: use an image instead
of a long text. Your audience will appreciate it
150,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s
Jupiter's rotation period
9h 55m 23s
333,000
STATS OF THE MONTH
50%
Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest one in
the Solar System
25%
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun
Mercury Venus
DESKTOP APP
You can replace the image on the screen
with your own work. Just right-click on it
and select “Replace image”
TABLET APP
You can replace the image on the screen
with your own work. Just right-click on it
and select “Replace image”
MOBILE APP
You can replace the image on the screen
with your own work. Just right-click on it
and select “Replace image”
OUR STAFF
Jenna Doe
You can speak a bit about this
person here
Timmy Jimmy
You can speak a bit about this
person here
Susan Bones
You can speak a bit about this
person here
SWOT ANALYSIS EXAMPLE
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Strengths
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place
Opportunities
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
Weaknesses
Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings
Threats
T
W
O
S
1 2
3 4
WORLDWIDE BUSINESS
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant
with several rings
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
SWOT EXAMPLE 2
Strengths
Mercury is the
smallest planet
Weaknesses
Saturn is the
ringed planet
Opportunities
Mars is full of iron
oxide dust
Threats
Jupiter is the
biggest planet
SWOT COMPARISON
Competitor 1 Competitor 2 Competitor 3
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Mars is actually a very
cold place
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
2,500 k 1,500 k 1,000 k
Jupiter is a gas giant
Saturn is a gas giant
Mars is actually a very cold
COMPARATIVE ELEMENTS
40%
85%
60%
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here.
For more info, click here
Mars Saturn Jupiter
BUSINESS PLAN
2
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
BUSINESS PREFERENCES
60%
Despite being red,
Mars is very cold
40%
Saturn is a gas giant
and has several rings
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
Mars Saturn
Neptune
It’s the farthest planet
from the Sun
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
UNDERSTANDING YOUR BUSINESS
Mercury
Mars is actually a very
cold place
It’s the closest planet
to the Sun
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant
and has several rings
Venus
Mars
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
PROCESS OF NEGOTIATION
Mercury is the
smallest planet
Mercury
Mars is actually
a cold place
Mars
Neptune is far
away from us
Neptune
Earth is where
we all live
Earth
Jupiter is the
biggest planet
Jupiter
Mercury
OUR BUSINESS VALUES
Venus
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second
planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has a
poisonous atmosphere
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit
larger than the Moon
SWOT EXAMPLE 3
Mercury is very
small planet
Strengths
Mars is full of iron
oxide dust
Opportunities
Venus has a very
toxic atmosphere
Weaknesses
Jupiter is the
biggest planet
Threats
S O
T
W
SWOT EXAMPLE 4
S
Saturn is composed of hydrogen
Strengths
W
Jupiter is the biggest planet
Weaknesses
O
Neptune is far away from us
Opportunities
T
Earth is the third planet from the Sun
Threats
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics &
images by Freepik
Does anyone have any questions?
addyouremail@freepik.com
+91 620 421 838
yourcompany.com
THANKS!
Please keep this slide for attribution
ICON PACK
Here’s an assortment of alternative resources whose style fits the one of this template:
● Flat infographic elements
ALTERNATIVE RESOURCES
Vectors:
● Geometric workflow diagram
Icons:
● Icon pack: Business Analytics | Lineal
RESOURCES
Photos:
● Colleagues working together on
project
● Person getting ready for project
meeting
● Smiley coworkers posing together at
the office
● Portrait of woman working in a startup
company
● Trans man at work with laptop
Did you like the resources on this template? Get them for free at our other websites.
For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit Slidesgo School:
https://slidesgo.com/faqs and https://slidesgo.com/slidesgo-school
Instructions for use
If you have a free account, in order to use this template, you must credit Slidesgo by keeping the Thanks slide. Please
refer to the next slide to read the instructions for premium users.
As a Free user, you are allowed to:
- Modify this template.
- Use it for both personal and commercial projects.
You are not allowed to:
- Sublicense, sell or rent any of Slidesgo Content (or a modified version of Slidesgo Content).
- Distribute Slidesgo Content unless it has been expressly authorized by Slidesgo.
- Include Slidesgo Content in an online or offline database or file.
- Offer Slidesgo templates (or modified versions of Slidesgo templates) for download.
- Acquire the copyright of Slidesgo Content.
As a Premium user, you can use this template without attributing Slidesgo or keeping the "Thanks" slide.
You are allowed to:
● Modify this template.
● Use it for both personal and commercial purposes.
● Hide or delete the “Thanks” slide and the mention to Slidesgo in the credits.
● Share this template in an editable format with people who are not part of your team.
You are not allowed to:
● Sublicense, sell or rent this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template).
● Distribute this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template) or include it in a database or in
any other product or service that offers downloadable images, icons or presentations that may be subject to
distribution or resale.
● Use any of the elements that are part of this Slidesgo Template in an isolated and separated way from this
Template.
● Register any of the elements that are part of this template as a trademark or logo, or register it as a work in an
intellectual property registry or similar.
For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit Slidesgo School:
https://slidesgo.com/faqs and https://slidesgo.com/slidesgo-school
Instructions for use (premium users)
This presentation has been made using the following fonts:
Archivo Black
(https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Archivo+Black)
Manjari
(https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Manjari)
#000000 #ffffff #f1f1f1 #ff9696
#dbdbdb #ffe49d
#1c386d
Fonts & colors used
Create your Story with our illustrated concepts. Choose the style you like the most, edit its colors, pick
the background and layers you want to show and bring them to life with the animator panel! It will boost
your presentation. Check out how it works.
Pana Amico Bro Rafiki Cuate
Storyset
You can easily resize these resources without losing quality. To change the color, just ungroup the resource
and click on the object you want to change. Then, click on the paint bucket and select the color you want.
Group the resource again when you’re done. You can also look for more infographics on Slidesgo.
Use our editable graphic resources...
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL
PHASE 1
Task 1
Task 2
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
Task 1
Task 2
Task 1
Task 2
You can resize these icons without losing quality.
You can change the stroke and fill color; just select the icon and click on the paint bucket/pen.
In Google Slides, you can also use Flaticon’s extension, allowing you to customize and add even more icons.
...and our sets of editable icons
Educational Icons Medical Icons
Business Icons Teamwork Icons
Help & Support Icons Avatar Icons
Creative Process Icons Performing Arts Icons
Nature Icons
SEO & Marketing Icons
Class Delivery Final.pptx

Más contenido relacionado

Similar a Class Delivery Final.pptx

Module 2- Data Collection.pdf
Module 2- Data Collection.pdfModule 2- Data Collection.pdf
Module 2- Data Collection.pdfJULIEANNETASIC3
 
Module 2- Data Collection.pptx
Module 2- Data Collection.pptxModule 2- Data Collection.pptx
Module 2- Data Collection.pptxJULIEANNETASIC3
 
How to choose research Methods
How to choose research MethodsHow to choose research Methods
How to choose research Methodsfadwaangela
 
Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research MethodsQualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research MethodsAnil Sharma
 
Deciding Suitable Qualitative Research in Areas of Interest.pptx
Deciding Suitable Qualitative Research in Areas of Interest.pptxDeciding Suitable Qualitative Research in Areas of Interest.pptx
Deciding Suitable Qualitative Research in Areas of Interest.pptxJoshuaApolonio1
 
Types of exploratory research design
Types of exploratory research designTypes of exploratory research design
Types of exploratory research designZara Imran
 
LESSON-1-Quantitative-Research-Characteristics-and-Importance.pptx
LESSON-1-Quantitative-Research-Characteristics-and-Importance.pptxLESSON-1-Quantitative-Research-Characteristics-and-Importance.pptx
LESSON-1-Quantitative-Research-Characteristics-and-Importance.pptxJasperDeVera2
 
Consumer research and in depth interview
Consumer research and in depth interviewConsumer research and in depth interview
Consumer research and in depth interviewYeshoda Bhargava
 
Business research methodology
Business research methodologyBusiness research methodology
Business research methodologyPolite Man
 
Lecture 1 - Qualitative - Introduction.pdf
Lecture 1 - Qualitative - Introduction.pdfLecture 1 - Qualitative - Introduction.pdf
Lecture 1 - Qualitative - Introduction.pdfSaubanAhmed1
 
1Data Collection and Analysis Procedures .pptx
1Data Collection and Analysis Procedures .pptx1Data Collection and Analysis Procedures .pptx
1Data Collection and Analysis Procedures .pptxBobbyPabores1
 
introduction to research-2023.ppt
introduction to research-2023.pptintroduction to research-2023.ppt
introduction to research-2023.pptDoctorOkelloBen
 

Similar a Class Delivery Final.pptx (20)

Module 2- Data Collection.pdf
Module 2- Data Collection.pdfModule 2- Data Collection.pdf
Module 2- Data Collection.pdf
 
Module 2- Data Collection.pptx
Module 2- Data Collection.pptxModule 2- Data Collection.pptx
Module 2- Data Collection.pptx
 
Group 19.pptx
Group 19.pptxGroup 19.pptx
Group 19.pptx
 
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.pptx
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.pptxRESEARCH METHODOLOGY.pptx
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.pptx
 
How to choose research Methods
How to choose research MethodsHow to choose research Methods
How to choose research Methods
 
Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research MethodsQualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research Methods
 
RM UNIT 1.pdf
RM UNIT 1.pdfRM UNIT 1.pdf
RM UNIT 1.pdf
 
BRM UNIT 1.pptx
BRM UNIT 1.pptxBRM UNIT 1.pptx
BRM UNIT 1.pptx
 
Deciding Suitable Qualitative Research in Areas of Interest.pptx
Deciding Suitable Qualitative Research in Areas of Interest.pptxDeciding Suitable Qualitative Research in Areas of Interest.pptx
Deciding Suitable Qualitative Research in Areas of Interest.pptx
 
Presentation8
Presentation8Presentation8
Presentation8
 
3.Qualitative data collection techniques by elmusharaf
3.Qualitative data collection techniques by  elmusharaf3.Qualitative data collection techniques by  elmusharaf
3.Qualitative data collection techniques by elmusharaf
 
Types of exploratory research design
Types of exploratory research designTypes of exploratory research design
Types of exploratory research design
 
TOPIC INTERVIEWS.pptx
TOPIC  INTERVIEWS.pptxTOPIC  INTERVIEWS.pptx
TOPIC INTERVIEWS.pptx
 
LESSON-1-Quantitative-Research-Characteristics-and-Importance.pptx
LESSON-1-Quantitative-Research-Characteristics-and-Importance.pptxLESSON-1-Quantitative-Research-Characteristics-and-Importance.pptx
LESSON-1-Quantitative-Research-Characteristics-and-Importance.pptx
 
Consumer research and in depth interview
Consumer research and in depth interviewConsumer research and in depth interview
Consumer research and in depth interview
 
Business research methodology
Business research methodologyBusiness research methodology
Business research methodology
 
Survey design report
Survey design reportSurvey design report
Survey design report
 
Lecture 1 - Qualitative - Introduction.pdf
Lecture 1 - Qualitative - Introduction.pdfLecture 1 - Qualitative - Introduction.pdf
Lecture 1 - Qualitative - Introduction.pdf
 
1Data Collection and Analysis Procedures .pptx
1Data Collection and Analysis Procedures .pptx1Data Collection and Analysis Procedures .pptx
1Data Collection and Analysis Procedures .pptx
 
introduction to research-2023.ppt
introduction to research-2023.pptintroduction to research-2023.ppt
introduction to research-2023.ppt
 

Último

Russian Faridabad Call Girls(Badarpur) : ☎ 8168257667, @4999
Russian Faridabad Call Girls(Badarpur) : ☎ 8168257667, @4999Russian Faridabad Call Girls(Badarpur) : ☎ 8168257667, @4999
Russian Faridabad Call Girls(Badarpur) : ☎ 8168257667, @4999Tina Ji
 
Cash Payment 9602870969 Escort Service in Udaipur Call Girls
Cash Payment 9602870969 Escort Service in Udaipur Call GirlsCash Payment 9602870969 Escort Service in Udaipur Call Girls
Cash Payment 9602870969 Escort Service in Udaipur Call GirlsApsara Of India
 
Monthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptx
Monthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptxMonthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptx
Monthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptxAndy Lambert
 
M.C Lodges -- Guest House in Jhang.
M.C Lodges --  Guest House in Jhang.M.C Lodges --  Guest House in Jhang.
M.C Lodges -- Guest House in Jhang.Aaiza Hassan
 
Call Girls Pune Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Pune Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Pune Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Pune Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Insurers' journeys to build a mastery in the IoT usage
Insurers' journeys to build a mastery in the IoT usageInsurers' journeys to build a mastery in the IoT usage
Insurers' journeys to build a mastery in the IoT usageMatteo Carbone
 
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and painsValue Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and painsP&CO
 
Best Basmati Rice Manufacturers in India
Best Basmati Rice Manufacturers in IndiaBest Basmati Rice Manufacturers in India
Best Basmati Rice Manufacturers in IndiaShree Krishna Exports
 
VIP Call Girl Jamshedpur Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Jamshedpur
VIP Call Girl Jamshedpur Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service JamshedpurVIP Call Girl Jamshedpur Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Jamshedpur
VIP Call Girl Jamshedpur Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service JamshedpurSuhani Kapoor
 
Understanding the Pakistan Budgeting Process: Basics and Key Insights
Understanding the Pakistan Budgeting Process: Basics and Key InsightsUnderstanding the Pakistan Budgeting Process: Basics and Key Insights
Understanding the Pakistan Budgeting Process: Basics and Key Insightsseri bangash
 
Regression analysis: Simple Linear Regression Multiple Linear Regression
Regression analysis:  Simple Linear Regression Multiple Linear RegressionRegression analysis:  Simple Linear Regression Multiple Linear Regression
Regression analysis: Simple Linear Regression Multiple Linear RegressionRavindra Nath Shukla
 
Progress Report - Oracle Database Analyst Summit
Progress  Report - Oracle Database Analyst SummitProgress  Report - Oracle Database Analyst Summit
Progress Report - Oracle Database Analyst SummitHolger Mueller
 
A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A SALESMAN / WOMAN
A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A  SALESMAN / WOMANA DAY IN THE LIFE OF A  SALESMAN / WOMAN
A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A SALESMAN / WOMANIlamathiKannappan
 
Sales & Marketing Alignment: How to Synergize for Success
Sales & Marketing Alignment: How to Synergize for SuccessSales & Marketing Alignment: How to Synergize for Success
Sales & Marketing Alignment: How to Synergize for SuccessAggregage
 
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best ServicesMysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best ServicesDipal Arora
 
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Howrah 👉 8250192130 Available With Room
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Howrah 👉 8250192130  Available With RoomVIP Kolkata Call Girl Howrah 👉 8250192130  Available With Room
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Howrah 👉 8250192130 Available With Roomdivyansh0kumar0
 
Unlocking the Secrets of Affiliate Marketing.pdf
Unlocking the Secrets of Affiliate Marketing.pdfUnlocking the Secrets of Affiliate Marketing.pdf
Unlocking the Secrets of Affiliate Marketing.pdfOnline Income Engine
 
Grateful 7 speech thanking everyone that has helped.pdf
Grateful 7 speech thanking everyone that has helped.pdfGrateful 7 speech thanking everyone that has helped.pdf
Grateful 7 speech thanking everyone that has helped.pdfPaul Menig
 
VIP Call Girls In Saharaganj ( Lucknow ) 🔝 8923113531 🔝 Cash Payment (COD) 👒
VIP Call Girls In Saharaganj ( Lucknow  ) 🔝 8923113531 🔝  Cash Payment (COD) 👒VIP Call Girls In Saharaganj ( Lucknow  ) 🔝 8923113531 🔝  Cash Payment (COD) 👒
VIP Call Girls In Saharaganj ( Lucknow ) 🔝 8923113531 🔝 Cash Payment (COD) 👒anilsa9823
 

Último (20)

Russian Faridabad Call Girls(Badarpur) : ☎ 8168257667, @4999
Russian Faridabad Call Girls(Badarpur) : ☎ 8168257667, @4999Russian Faridabad Call Girls(Badarpur) : ☎ 8168257667, @4999
Russian Faridabad Call Girls(Badarpur) : ☎ 8168257667, @4999
 
Cash Payment 9602870969 Escort Service in Udaipur Call Girls
Cash Payment 9602870969 Escort Service in Udaipur Call GirlsCash Payment 9602870969 Escort Service in Udaipur Call Girls
Cash Payment 9602870969 Escort Service in Udaipur Call Girls
 
Monthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptx
Monthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptxMonthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptx
Monthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptx
 
M.C Lodges -- Guest House in Jhang.
M.C Lodges --  Guest House in Jhang.M.C Lodges --  Guest House in Jhang.
M.C Lodges -- Guest House in Jhang.
 
Call Girls Pune Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Pune Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Pune Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Pune Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Insurers' journeys to build a mastery in the IoT usage
Insurers' journeys to build a mastery in the IoT usageInsurers' journeys to build a mastery in the IoT usage
Insurers' journeys to build a mastery in the IoT usage
 
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and painsValue Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
 
Best Basmati Rice Manufacturers in India
Best Basmati Rice Manufacturers in IndiaBest Basmati Rice Manufacturers in India
Best Basmati Rice Manufacturers in India
 
VIP Call Girl Jamshedpur Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Jamshedpur
VIP Call Girl Jamshedpur Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service JamshedpurVIP Call Girl Jamshedpur Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Jamshedpur
VIP Call Girl Jamshedpur Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Jamshedpur
 
Understanding the Pakistan Budgeting Process: Basics and Key Insights
Understanding the Pakistan Budgeting Process: Basics and Key InsightsUnderstanding the Pakistan Budgeting Process: Basics and Key Insights
Understanding the Pakistan Budgeting Process: Basics and Key Insights
 
Regression analysis: Simple Linear Regression Multiple Linear Regression
Regression analysis:  Simple Linear Regression Multiple Linear RegressionRegression analysis:  Simple Linear Regression Multiple Linear Regression
Regression analysis: Simple Linear Regression Multiple Linear Regression
 
Progress Report - Oracle Database Analyst Summit
Progress  Report - Oracle Database Analyst SummitProgress  Report - Oracle Database Analyst Summit
Progress Report - Oracle Database Analyst Summit
 
A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A SALESMAN / WOMAN
A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A  SALESMAN / WOMANA DAY IN THE LIFE OF A  SALESMAN / WOMAN
A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A SALESMAN / WOMAN
 
Sales & Marketing Alignment: How to Synergize for Success
Sales & Marketing Alignment: How to Synergize for SuccessSales & Marketing Alignment: How to Synergize for Success
Sales & Marketing Alignment: How to Synergize for Success
 
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best ServicesMysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
 
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Howrah 👉 8250192130 Available With Room
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Howrah 👉 8250192130  Available With RoomVIP Kolkata Call Girl Howrah 👉 8250192130  Available With Room
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Howrah 👉 8250192130 Available With Room
 
Unlocking the Secrets of Affiliate Marketing.pdf
Unlocking the Secrets of Affiliate Marketing.pdfUnlocking the Secrets of Affiliate Marketing.pdf
Unlocking the Secrets of Affiliate Marketing.pdf
 
Grateful 7 speech thanking everyone that has helped.pdf
Grateful 7 speech thanking everyone that has helped.pdfGrateful 7 speech thanking everyone that has helped.pdf
Grateful 7 speech thanking everyone that has helped.pdf
 
Forklift Operations: Safety through Cartoons
Forklift Operations: Safety through CartoonsForklift Operations: Safety through Cartoons
Forklift Operations: Safety through Cartoons
 
VIP Call Girls In Saharaganj ( Lucknow ) 🔝 8923113531 🔝 Cash Payment (COD) 👒
VIP Call Girls In Saharaganj ( Lucknow  ) 🔝 8923113531 🔝  Cash Payment (COD) 👒VIP Call Girls In Saharaganj ( Lucknow  ) 🔝 8923113531 🔝  Cash Payment (COD) 👒
VIP Call Girls In Saharaganj ( Lucknow ) 🔝 8923113531 🔝 Cash Payment (COD) 👒
 

Class Delivery Final.pptx

  • 1. Qualitative data collection Data is not just numbers, human emotions, expressions are also a type of data
  • 2. CONTENTS OF THIS TEMPLATE This is a slide structure based on a Multi-purpose presentation You can delete this slide when you’re done editing the presentation Fonts: To view this template correctly in PowerPoint, download and install the fonts we used Used and alternative resources: An assortment of graphic resources that are suitable for use in this presentation Thanks slide: You must keep it so that proper credits for our design are given Colors: All the colors used in this presentation Infographic resources: These can be used in the template, and their size and color can be edited Customizable icons: They are sorted by theme so you can use them in all kinds of presentations For more info: SLIDESGO | SLIDESGO SCHOOL | FAQS You can visit our sister projects: FREEPIK | FLATICON | STORYSET | WEPIK | VIDFY
  • 3. Research Interview The research interview is a purposeful conversation between two or more people, requiring the interviewer to establish rapport and ask concise and unambiguous questions, to which the interviewee is willing to respond, and to listen attentively. Essentially it is about asking purposeful questions and carefully listening to the answers to be able to explore these further.
  • 5. Structured Interview • Structured interviews use questionnaires based on a predetermined and ‘standardised’ or identical set of questions and we refer to them as interviewer-completed questionnaires. • You would read out each question and then record the response on a standardised schedule, usually with pre-coded answers • The questions should be asked exactly as written and in the same tone of voice so that you do not indicate any bias • As structured interviews are used to collect quantifiable data they are also referred to as ‘quantitative research interviews’
  • 6. Semi-Structured Interview By comparison, semi-structured and in-depth (unstructured) interviews are ‘nonstandardised’. These are often referred to as qualitative research interviews. In semi-structured interviews the researcher has a list of themes and possibly some key questions to be covered. Interviewer has a choice to choose the questions and skip the questions based on the scenario.
  • 7. Unstructured Interview ● Unstructured interviews are informal. You would use these to explore in depth a general area in which you are interested. ● There is no predetermined list of questions to ask, although you need to have a clear idea about the aspect or aspects that you want to explore. ● The interviewee is given the opportunity to talk freely about events, behaviour and beliefs in relation to the topic area, so that this type of interaction is sometimes called non-directive ● A formal arrangement to an informal process
  • 8. Usage of Interviews for Different Purpose
  • 9. Observation 1. If you want to know what other person is doing, the obvious thing that you do is--------------- 2. Systematic Observation, recording, description, analysis Participative observation and structured observation
  • 10. 1. Very Familiar in the field of sociology and anthropology. 2. It was initially encouraged in chigo school of social research for its students 3. Researcher attempts to participate fully/ partially in the activities of subjects. 4. Researcher not be able to observe what is happening, he/she will be able to feel it 5. The process of immersion, the researcher learns by directly experiencing the social situation or research setting. Becoming the part of tailor community to understand problems in Garments 6. Immersion is the key differentiator compared to other tools
  • 11. Types of participative Observation
  • 12. Complete participant observation • The complete participant role sees you as the researcher attempting to become a member of the group in which you are researching. • You do not reveal your true purpose to the group members. • Eg: Drinking during lunch time. • Is it questionable in the purview of ethics? Spying • It is not recommended to get in to such acts that results the other person in to problem. Breech of contracts, trust and creating problems • It is recommended to maintain the anonymity.
  • 13. Complete observer • The researcher wouldn’t reveal his the identity • Unlike the complete participant the researcher will not take part in the activities of the research group • Eg: Mystery shoppers • Which checkouts do they choose? • How much interaction is there with fellow shoppers and the cashier? • How do they appear to be influenced by the attitude of the cashier? • What level of impatience is displayed when delays are experienced?
  • 14. Observer as a participant As a researcher you would be the spectator of group performance. Your Identity as a researcher would be clear to all the participants As a researcher you would be able to focus on your observation. Just being a observer as a participant will allow researcher to write, note down points, insights, events as in when it occurs. There are some things that you would loose as just being as a observer. Feelings & emotions on the receivers end.
  • 15. Participant as a Observer Your Identity as a researcher would be clear to all the participants. Researcher would be part of the study group, with a aim to gain trust. For example, Waddington (2004) describes his experiences of being a participant-as- observer, in which he participated in a strike, spending long hours on the picket line and socialising with those on strike, without being an employee of the company involved
  • 16. Lets figure it out. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqGtAHij7Q0
  • 18. Lets figure it out. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqGtAHij7Q0
  • 19. Hypothesis A hypothesis is a tentative solution or explanation or a guess or assumption or a proposition or a statement to the problem facing the researcher, adopted on a cursory observation of known and available data, as a basis of investigation, whose validity is to be tested or verified. Hypothesis is often considered a tentative and testable statement of the possible relationship between two or more events or variables under investigation. Hypothesis testing enables the researcher to decide whether data from a sample will provide support to a particular hypothesis, based on which it can be generalized to the overall population Eg: the purchase manager of a machine tool-making company has to decide whether to buy castings from a new supplier or not. The new supplier claims that his castings have higher hardness than those of the competitors. Our hypothesis for this example could be that the mean hardness of castings supplied by the new supplier is less than or equal to 20 (say), where 20 is the mean hardness of castings, supplied by existing suppliers.
  • 20. Characteristics of Hypothesis 1. Provides Directional : To ensure it avoids unnecessary literature collection, collect only exclusive data. “Study habits and achievement of Children in Villages,” – Research Problem Hypothesis: Hypothesis as, “Children in Villages put in more study hours, and achieve more in the examination. 2. Testable: Hypotheses should be stated in such a way as to indicate an expected difference or an expected relationship between the measures used in the research. Eg: Students who attend class have higher grades than students who skip class Ultraviolet light could cause cancer. 3. Hypothesis should be brief and clear. Hypothesis should make problems easier for the reader to understand and also for the researcher to test. The statement should be a concise statement of the relationship expected.
  • 21. Types of Hypothesis 1. Null Hypothesis Null hypothesis is symbolized as H0 In its simplest form, this hypothesis asserts that there is no true difference between two population means If the difference between the sample means is found significant the researcher can reject the null hypothesis. It indicates that the differences are statistically significant and acceptance of null hypothesis indicates that the differences are due to chance. Under this type, the hypothesis is stated negatively: The rejection of a null hypothesis implies that the difference could not have arisen due to chance or sampling fluctuations.
  • 22. Types of Hypothesis 1. Alternate Hypothesis • Alternative hypothesis is symbolized as H H 1 or A • that specifies those are the values that the researcher believes to hold true, • Researcher Believes that the sample data collected will lead to acceptance of the statement. Types of Alternate Hypo 1. Directional and Non Directional Covid 19 has an impact on Human memory power Covid-19 has an positive impact on human memory power.
  • 23. Types of Hypothesis . Statistical hypotheses are the statements derived from a sample. These are quantitative in nature and are numerically measurable. For example, the market share of product X is 60%, the average life of a tube light is 2,500 hours, etc
  • 24. Sources of Hypothesis • Theory • Observation • Intuitions and Personal Experience • Findings of the study • Continuity of research
  • 25. Hypothesis Formulation Following are the considerations while stating the Hypothesis: • 1. The null and alternate hypotheses need to be formulated before the sample is drawn. • 2. The hypotheses need to be specific and devoid of any ambiguity. • 3. The hypotheses need to be formulated in such a way that they are fit for testing and take less time and effort for testing. • 4. Generally, a hypothesis that is chosen as the null hypothesis will be the one intended to be disproved, and hypothesis that is chosen as the alternate hypothesis will be the one intended to be proved. • 5. Concluding that we are accepting the null hypothesis doesn’t imply that the null hypothesis is true. It only means that there is no significant statistical evidence to reject the null hypothesis. However, we use the term “accept the null hypothesis” for our convenience
  • 26. Measurement Scale Nominal Scale • Nominal scale is simply a system of assigning number symbols to events in order to label them. • Nominal scales provide convenient ways of keeping track of people, objects and events. • It indicates no order or distance relationship and has no arithmetic origin. • Nos assigned to basket ball players • No Mathematical functional can be applied..!- Can be applied forcefully but no logic can meaning can be induced. • The arithmetic function that be applied is counting no of cases, and mode. • Where do you live- Karnataka- 1, Andra- 2, WB-3
  • 27. Measurement Scale Ordinal Scale • The ordinal scale places events, things, person in an order, but there is no attempt to make the intervals of the scale equal in terms of some rule. • Ordinal scales only permit the ranking of items from highest to lowest. • Ordinal measures have no absolute values, and the real differences between adjacent ranks may not be equal. • All that can be said is that one person is higher or lower on the scale than another, but more precise comparisons cannot be made • The use of an ordinal scale implies a statement of ‘greater than’ or ‘less than’ (an equality statement is also acceptable) without our being able to state how much greater or less. • Classroom Ranking: Rank 1: 80, Rank 2: 70, Rank 3: 50, Rank 6: 40 • Non Parametric Tests Can be used.
  • 28. Measurement Scale Interval Scale • Interval scales provide more powerful measurement than ordinal scales, • Interval scale also incorporates the concept of equality of interval. • Interval scales hold no true zero and can represent values below zero. • Any measurement of interval scale can be ranked, counted, subtracted, or added, and equal intervals separate each number on the scale. • Temperature Increase from 30 C to 40 C is same as the 70 C to 80 C.
  • 29. Measurement Scale Ratio Scale Ratio variables, on the other hand, never fall below zero. Highest Order Scale It has absolute Zero Eg: Age, money, Height and weight Zero grams of gold. Means that there is no gold as such.
  • 30. Research Proposal It is referred to as protocol or outline It is a structured plan of your proposed research project. It provides a step by step guidelines to researcher on the approach he/she has to take. Three Criteria to assess the proposals 1. Coherence ( Order and Logic) 2. Ethical Clearance ( Participations approval, data storage, confidentially of the data, 3. Feasibility Do not have the tone of ‘Of course, I know what the answer will be’. When asked to explain the purpose of doing the research if he already knew.
  • 31. Title Title The title should simply and concisely summarise the research question. It should avoid unnecessary phrases such as, ‘ A study to explore …’ Instead it should reflect the concepts or variables in your research If your research question changes, this will naturally lead to a change to your title. Examples ‘Reasons for mismatch between corporate strategy and the external environment.’
  • 32. Background Literature Review Theories Pioneers How they have defined the concepts and variables Its not the critical review that you will be doing in your final report. But instead they focus on which theory or theories will inform what I am doing and how I will use it or them’.
  • 33. Research objectives Research questions, aim and objectives Case study.
  • 34. Methodology How will I Conduct the research? This section consists of research design, participants, techniques and procedures and ethical considerations. Quantitively vs qualitative You will also need to select one or more research strategies (e.g. an experiment, a case study, a survey, a Grounded Theory strategy What type of data? Probability vs non probability of sampling How will I collect the data? Populations, organisation details, Duration for collecting the data How will I analyse the data, Ethical storage of data.
  • 35. Defining the research question Imran was studying for a BSc in Business Management and undertaking his placement year in an advanced consumer electronics company. When he first joined the company he was surprised to note that the company’s business strategy, which was announced in the company newsletter, seemed to be inconsistent with what Imran knew of the product market. Imran had become particularly interested in corporate strategy in his degree. He was familiar with some of the literature which suggested that corporate strategy should be linked to the general external environment in which the organisation operated. He wanted to do some research on corporate strategy in his organisation for his degree dissertation. After talking this over with his project tutor, Imran decided on the following research question: ‘ Research Question ‘Why does [organisation’s name]’s corporate strategy not seem to reflect the major factors in the external operating environme
  • 36. Evaluate your research Proposal Have I explained what am I going to do? ✔ Have I explained why I am doing this? ✔ Have I said why it is worth doing? ✔ Have I explained how it relates to what has been done before in my subject area? ✔ Have I stated which theory or theories will inform what I am doing and how I will use it or them? ✔ Have I stated my research question(s), research aim and my research objectives? ✔ Have I outlined how I will conduct my research? ✔ Have I outlined my research design? ✔ Have I outlined what data I need? ✔ Have I stated who and where my intended participants are? ✔ Have I explained how I will select my participants? ✔ Have I explained how I will gain access? ✔ Have I outlined how I will collect my data? ✔ Have I outlined how I will analyse my data and use this to develop theoretical explanations? ✔ Have I outlined what data quality issues I might encounter? ✔ Have I outlined how I will seek to overcome these data quality issues? ✔ Have I considered the ethical issues I might encounter at each stage of my research? ✔ Have I outlined how I will address these?
  • 37. Report Meaning A report is a detailed description of what has been done and how it has been done with respect to a particular area or topic . The purpose od the written report is to present the results of research more importantly to provide a persuasive argument to reader of what the researcher has researcher has found
  • 38. Report Writing • Your brilliant idea, with logically formulated hypothesis and generalizable solutions get wasted if the researcher fails to communicate to the right audience in the right way. • As the end goal of research is add knowledge and pass it on the society for betterment. • Research report is a integral part of research journey
  • 39. Types of reports 1. Technical report Emphasis on the i) methods employed ii) assumptions made in the case iii) detail writing on the findings and analysis A general outline of a technical report can be as follows: 1. Summary of results: A brief review of the main findings just in two or three pages. 2. Nature of the study: Description of the general objectives of study, formulation of the problem in operational terms, the working hypothesis, the type of analysis and data required, etc. 3. Methods employed: Specific methods used in the study and their limitations. For instance, in sampling studies we should give details of sample design viz., sample size, sample selection, etc. 4. Data: Discussion of data collected, their sources, characteristics and limitations. If secondary data are used, their suitability to the problem at hand be fully assessed. In case of a survey, the manner in which data were collected should be fully described.
  • 40. .5. Analysis of data and presentation of findings: The analysis of data and presentation of the findings of the study with supporting data in the form of tables and charts be fully narrated. This, in fact, happens to be the main body of the report usually extending over several chapters. 6. Conclusions: A detailed summary of the findings and the policy implications drawn from the results be explained. 7. Bibliography: Bibliography of various sources consulted be prepared and attached. 8. Technical appendices: Appendices be given for all technical matters relating to questionnaire, mathematical derivations, elaboration on particular technique of analysis and the like ones. 9. Index: Index must be prepared and be given invariably in the report at the end.
  • 41. Types of report The popular report is one which gives emphasis on simplicity and attractiveness. Simplification with clear writing Minimizing the technical aspects (Mathematical aspects) Liberal use of charts and diagrams Attractive Layouts Occasional cartoon Reports give importance to practical aspects and policy implications
  • 42. Types of report 1.The findings and their implications: Emphasis in the report is given on the findings of most practical interest and on the implications of these findings. 2. Recommendations for action: Recommendations for action on the basis of the findings of the study is made in this section of the report. 3. Objective of the study: A general review of how the problem arise is presented along with the specific objectives of the project under study. 4. Methods employed: A brief and non-technical description of the methods and techniques used, including a short review of the data on which the study is based, is given in this part of the report. 5. Results: This section constitutes the main body of the report wherein the results of the study are presented in clear and non-technical terms with liberal use of all sorts of illustrations such as charts, diagrams and the like ones. 6. Technical appendices: More detailed information on methods used, forms, etc. is presented in the form of appendices. But the appendices are often not detailed if the report is entirely meant for general public
  • 43. Report Layout 1. Preliminary stage  Title  Acknowledgements and preface  Table of contents  Tables and illustrations 2. Main Body The main text of the report should have the following sections: (i) Introduction; (ii) Statement of findings and recommendations; (iii) The results; (iv) The implications drawn from the results; and (v) The summary. 3. End Matter i). Appendices ii) questionnaires, iii) sample information, iv) Mathematical derivations
  • 44. Precautions while writing the report • Length • Should sustain the interest of the readers • Abstract and jargons to be avoided • Quick information seeking (insert charts and tables) Inforgraphs • Should be aligned with the objectives • Grammatically corrects, sticking to the instructions of footnotes, abbrevations..etc • Solution to the problem- Intellectual document • Provide insights on the future scope • Problems that may occur while implementing the solutions • Well formatted- Uniform text style, color- Asthetic and appearance • Index that navigates the reader
  • 45. Lets check the Grammar Q. Each pronoun should agree with their antecedent A.Each pronoun should agree with its antecedent Q. Just between you and I, case is important A. Just between you and me, case is important Q. Verbs has to agree with their subject A.Verbs have to agree with their subject Q. The data is included in this section A. The data are included in this section
  • 46. Data Quantitative data in a raw form, that is, before these data have been processed and analysed, convey very little meaning to most people. fore these data have been processed and analysed, convey very little meaning to most people. These data, therefore, need to be processed to make them useful, that is, to turn them into information Quantitative analysis techniques such as tables, graphs and statistics allow us to do this, helping us to explore, present, describe and examine relationships and trends within our data. Data can be obtained through primary sources and Secondary sources.
  • 47.
  • 49.
  • 50. Career path business analyst Key Characteristics of BA • Curiosity • Logical problem solving • High Attention to details • Stake holder management • Cross Functional management
  • 51. Spectrum of Business Analytics Report ing Detect ive Analyt ics Busin ess Intellig ence Predic tive Modell ing AI and ML C O M P L E X I T Y BUSINESS VALUE MIS Data Visualisation Dash Board Neural Networks Deep Learning Charts Statistical Modelling Forecasting Business Analyst Areas of working
  • 52. Scope of business analytics
  • 53. WHOA! This can be the part of the presentation where you introduce yourself, write your email…
  • 54. THE BUSINESS 1 You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
  • 55. OUR COMPANY You can give a brief description of the topic you want to talk about here. For example, if you want to talk about Mercury, you can say that it’s the smallest planet in the entire Solar System
  • 56. Mercury CHARACTERISTICS Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one
  • 57. ANALYSIS OF THE RESEARCH Mars Mars is actually a very cold place Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun Jupiter It’s the biggest planet of them all Saturn Saturn is a gas giant and has rings
  • 58. Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun It’s the farthest planet from the Sun THE USE OF SWOT ANALYSIS Mercury Mars is actually a very cold place It’s the closest planet to the Sun Saturn Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Neptune Mars Jupiter Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all
  • 60. —SOMEONE FAMOUS “This is a quote, words full of wisdom that someone important said and can make the reader get inspired.”
  • 61. A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS
  • 62. A PICTURE ALWAYS REINFORCES THE CONCEPT Images reveal large amounts of data, so remember: use an image instead of a long text. Your audience will appreciate it
  • 63. 150,000 Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
  • 64. The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s Jupiter's rotation period 9h 55m 23s 333,000
  • 65. STATS OF THE MONTH 50% Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System 25% Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun Mercury Venus
  • 66. DESKTOP APP You can replace the image on the screen with your own work. Just right-click on it and select “Replace image”
  • 67. TABLET APP You can replace the image on the screen with your own work. Just right-click on it and select “Replace image”
  • 68. MOBILE APP You can replace the image on the screen with your own work. Just right-click on it and select “Replace image”
  • 69. OUR STAFF Jenna Doe You can speak a bit about this person here Timmy Jimmy You can speak a bit about this person here Susan Bones You can speak a bit about this person here
  • 70. SWOT ANALYSIS EXAMPLE Venus is the second planet from the Sun Strengths Despite being red, Mars is a cold place Opportunities Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all Weaknesses Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Threats T W O S 1 2 3 4
  • 71. WORLDWIDE BUSINESS Saturn Saturn is a gas giant with several rings Jupiter Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all
  • 72. SWOT EXAMPLE 2 Strengths Mercury is the smallest planet Weaknesses Saturn is the ringed planet Opportunities Mars is full of iron oxide dust Threats Jupiter is the biggest planet
  • 73. SWOT COMPARISON Competitor 1 Competitor 2 Competitor 3 Venus is the second planet from the Sun Mars is actually a very cold place Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all 2,500 k 1,500 k 1,000 k
  • 74. Jupiter is a gas giant Saturn is a gas giant Mars is actually a very cold COMPARATIVE ELEMENTS 40% 85% 60% Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here Mars Saturn Jupiter
  • 75. BUSINESS PLAN 2 You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
  • 76. BUSINESS PREFERENCES 60% Despite being red, Mars is very cold 40% Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here Mars Saturn
  • 77. Neptune It’s the farthest planet from the Sun Venus is the second planet from the Sun UNDERSTANDING YOUR BUSINESS Mercury Mars is actually a very cold place It’s the closest planet to the Sun Saturn Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Venus Mars Jupiter Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all
  • 78. PROCESS OF NEGOTIATION Mercury is the smallest planet Mercury Mars is actually a cold place Mars Neptune is far away from us Neptune Earth is where we all live Earth Jupiter is the biggest planet Jupiter
  • 79. Mercury OUR BUSINESS VALUES Venus Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has a poisonous atmosphere Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit larger than the Moon
  • 80. SWOT EXAMPLE 3 Mercury is very small planet Strengths Mars is full of iron oxide dust Opportunities Venus has a very toxic atmosphere Weaknesses Jupiter is the biggest planet Threats S O T W
  • 81. SWOT EXAMPLE 4 S Saturn is composed of hydrogen Strengths W Jupiter is the biggest planet Weaknesses O Neptune is far away from us Opportunities T Earth is the third planet from the Sun Threats
  • 82. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik Does anyone have any questions? addyouremail@freepik.com +91 620 421 838 yourcompany.com THANKS! Please keep this slide for attribution
  • 84. Here’s an assortment of alternative resources whose style fits the one of this template: ● Flat infographic elements ALTERNATIVE RESOURCES
  • 85. Vectors: ● Geometric workflow diagram Icons: ● Icon pack: Business Analytics | Lineal RESOURCES Photos: ● Colleagues working together on project ● Person getting ready for project meeting ● Smiley coworkers posing together at the office ● Portrait of woman working in a startup company ● Trans man at work with laptop Did you like the resources on this template? Get them for free at our other websites.
  • 86. For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit Slidesgo School: https://slidesgo.com/faqs and https://slidesgo.com/slidesgo-school Instructions for use If you have a free account, in order to use this template, you must credit Slidesgo by keeping the Thanks slide. Please refer to the next slide to read the instructions for premium users. As a Free user, you are allowed to: - Modify this template. - Use it for both personal and commercial projects. You are not allowed to: - Sublicense, sell or rent any of Slidesgo Content (or a modified version of Slidesgo Content). - Distribute Slidesgo Content unless it has been expressly authorized by Slidesgo. - Include Slidesgo Content in an online or offline database or file. - Offer Slidesgo templates (or modified versions of Slidesgo templates) for download. - Acquire the copyright of Slidesgo Content.
  • 87. As a Premium user, you can use this template without attributing Slidesgo or keeping the "Thanks" slide. You are allowed to: ● Modify this template. ● Use it for both personal and commercial purposes. ● Hide or delete the “Thanks” slide and the mention to Slidesgo in the credits. ● Share this template in an editable format with people who are not part of your team. You are not allowed to: ● Sublicense, sell or rent this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template). ● Distribute this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template) or include it in a database or in any other product or service that offers downloadable images, icons or presentations that may be subject to distribution or resale. ● Use any of the elements that are part of this Slidesgo Template in an isolated and separated way from this Template. ● Register any of the elements that are part of this template as a trademark or logo, or register it as a work in an intellectual property registry or similar. For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit Slidesgo School: https://slidesgo.com/faqs and https://slidesgo.com/slidesgo-school Instructions for use (premium users)
  • 88. This presentation has been made using the following fonts: Archivo Black (https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Archivo+Black) Manjari (https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Manjari) #000000 #ffffff #f1f1f1 #ff9696 #dbdbdb #ffe49d #1c386d Fonts & colors used
  • 89. Create your Story with our illustrated concepts. Choose the style you like the most, edit its colors, pick the background and layers you want to show and bring them to life with the animator panel! It will boost your presentation. Check out how it works. Pana Amico Bro Rafiki Cuate Storyset
  • 90. You can easily resize these resources without losing quality. To change the color, just ungroup the resource and click on the object you want to change. Then, click on the paint bucket and select the color you want. Group the resource again when you’re done. You can also look for more infographics on Slidesgo. Use our editable graphic resources...
  • 91.
  • 92.
  • 93. JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL PHASE 1 Task 1 Task 2 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE PHASE 1 PHASE 2 Task 1 Task 2 Task 1 Task 2
  • 94.
  • 95.
  • 96. You can resize these icons without losing quality. You can change the stroke and fill color; just select the icon and click on the paint bucket/pen. In Google Slides, you can also use Flaticon’s extension, allowing you to customize and add even more icons. ...and our sets of editable icons
  • 99. Help & Support Icons Avatar Icons
  • 100. Creative Process Icons Performing Arts Icons
  • 102. SEO & Marketing Icons