2. FOREST COVER IN INDIA
The total forest cover of the country as per State
of Forest Report 2003 is 678,333 km², which
constitutes 20.64 percent of the geographic area
of the country.. Of this, 51,285 km² (1.56%) is
very
dense forest, 339,279 km² (10.32%) is
moderately dense forest and 287,769 km²
(8.76%) is open forest cover.
The mangrove area in the country is 4461 km2
(0.14%) of the country’s geographic area.
The non-forest cover excludes scrub and is
estimated to cover an area of 2,568,661
(78.13%) km².
3. The non-forest cover excludes scrub and is
estimated to cover an area of 2,568,661 (78.13%)
km².
Non-forest Cover
Scrub 40,269 1.23
Non-forest** 2,568,661 78.13
Total Geographic Area 3,287,263 100.00 Including
4,461 km2
under mangroves (0.14% of country’s geographic
area)
Excludes scrubs and includes water bodies
. Although it is improper to make a comparison in
different assessments due to change in technology
and scale of interpretation, however, it may still be
observed that the forest cover of the
country has remained between 19.5% to 20.5% in
the last two decades.
4. Policies to cover 33 % area:
The 1999 Forest Survey of India report indicates that the country's
forest cover is 19.39% of the land area against the Forest Policy
requirement of 33%.
The first Forest Policy adopted by British Colonial Government in
1894 aimed at a custodial and timber-oriented management. The
post-independence Forest Policy of 1952 recommended that 33%
of the area of the country be brought under forest cover.
The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) issued guidelines
in 1990 for people's involvement in forest conservation,
management, sharing of usufructs and sale proceeds. A supporting
circular in 2002 provided for strengthening the Joint Forest
Management (JFM) approach by providing legal status to JFM
All policy reforms since 1987 are towards gradually ensuring full
financial and administrative empowerment of the local JFM
committees for managing their own natural resources in ways that
allow for a holistic trade off between ecological and economical
benefits from forests
5. Policy Initiatives in forestry sector
The foundation of scientific forestry was laid when Sir Dietrich
Brandi's, a German forester was appointed as the first Inspector
General of Forests
In 1972, The National Commission Agriculture recommended
raising of large scale plantations in degraded forest areas and
through social forestry in community and private lands, to meet the
growing gap in timber and firewood requirement.
In 1976, by 42nd amendment in the constitution 'Forest" was brought
under central concurrent list followed by the enactment of
the Forest (Conservation.
In 1985, the subject of Forestry and Wildlife was shifted from
Ministry of Agriculture to a new Ministry of Environment and
Forests (MOEF) to ensure a more focused attention to emerging
forestry issues.
6. APPROACH OF Joint Forest Management
(JFM)
The first policy level decision for people's involvement in forest protection &
management decision was taken in the resolution passed in the meeting of the XXII.
Central Board of Forestry (CBF) held in December 1987
In 1988, the new Forest Policy was adopted, which covers all the sustainable
management approaches subsequently provided in the 1992 Rio "Forest
Principles". The main objectives are:
Maintenance of Environmental stability and restoration of ecological
balance, soil and water conservation.
Conservation of natural heritage and genetic resources.
Increasing substantially forest/tree cover (33% of land mass and 66% in
hills)
Increasing productivity of forest to sustainably meet first local and then
national needs
Creating massive peoples movement to increase and protect forest and tree
cover.
Deriving economic benefit must be subordinated to these principal aims.
This initiated a process of reform at policy & operational levels of forest
management. In collaboration with local stake holders.
7. FOREST COVER AND POLICIES OF CHINA
China's forest areas covered 21.63 percent of the
country's land as of the end of 2013, a rise of 1.27
percentage points compared to five years ago, a
State Forestry Administration (SFA) survey showed.
Total forest areas grew to 208 million hectares by
the end of 2013, up from 195 million ha five years
ago. Growing stock per hectare increased by 3.91
cubic meters to 89.79 cubic meters over the past
half a decade, according to report of the five-year
survey released on Tuesday.
Growing stock is a term that measures the volume
of existing wood resources. During the period,
natural forests expanded by 2.15 million ha to
121.84 million ha.
8. During the period, natural forests expanded by 2.15 million ha to 121.84
million ha.
Planted forests grew by 7.64 million ha to 69.33 million ha, the survey
showed. This fast expansion means China has the world's largest growing
area for planted forests.
However, SFA chief Zhao Shucong said the country's forest coverage ratio
remains far below the global average of 31 percent.
China aims to increase its forest coverage ratio to 23 percent by 2020, but
green efforts are being challenged by farming, industrialization and
urbanization, Zhao said at a press conference.
In his official notes on the survey, Chinese President Xi Jinping said that
despite achievements, China remains short of forests and is weak on
ecological defense. Xi said the country will deepen forestry reforms and use
innovative methods to grow and preserve forests.
Zhao said that forestry authorities will set strict rules in the supervision and
management of forests. Meanwhile, illegal use of forests or violations will be
dealt with by the law.
9. 1990 2000 2010
Agricultural land (sq.
km) in China
5313980.0 5322030.0
[
+
]
Agricultural land (% of
land area) in China
57.0 57.1
[
+
]
Arable land
(hectares) in China
123726000.0 120971000.0
[
+
]
Arable land (hectares
per person) in China
0.1 0.1
[
+
]
Arable land (% of land
area) in China
13.3 13.0
[
+
]
Permanent cropland
(% of land
area) in China
0.8 1.2
[
+
]
Forest area (sq.
km) in China
1571410.0 1770000.0 2068610.0
[
+
]
Forest area (% of land
area) in China
16.9 19.0 22.2
[
+
]
Land area (sq.
km) in China
9327420.0 9327480.0 9327480.0
[
+
]
Surface area (sq.
km) in China
9598050.0 9599990.0 9600000.0
[
+
]
WORLD BANK INDICATORS –
CHINA - LAND USE
10. POLICY OF CHINA
A new forest policy had been adopted in
China called the Natural Forest conservation
Program (NFCP),
which emphasizes expansion of natural
forests and increasing the productivity of
forest plantations.
Through locally focused management
strategies, biodiversity and forest resources
will be sustained, and downstream regions
will be better protected from flooding.
This new policy is being implemented with a
new combination of policy tools, including
technical training and education, land
management planning, mandatory
conversion of marginal farmlands to forest,
resettlement and retaining of forest dwellers,
share in private ownership, and expanded
research.
These policy tools may have wider relevance
for other countries, particularly developing
12. Canada ranks 15th out of 17 countries for
forest cover change over 2005 to 2010
and receives a “B” grade.
Canada’s forest cover is being maintained
at 348 million hectares, representing 34
per cent of Canada's total land mass.
Canada contains 10% of all the world's
forests, with over 50% of the land space
(representing almost 400,000,000 hectares
(990,000,000 acres)) having tree cover of
variable density. Over half of the trees
are spruce, while poplar and pine make up
over 20 percent of the remainder
13. FOREST POLICY OF
Provincial governments regulate forests on provincial Crown
lands by setting an annual allowable cut (AAC)—the yearly level of
Canada’s total volume of timber that can be harvested on all land
types—provincial, territorial, federal, and private—has been
relatively stable since 2000, averaging about 243 million cubic
meter per year.
In policy and law. In every national forest strategy since 1992,
Canada has set the course for SFM, supporting policies to enhance
forest governance, conserve ecosystem integrity, protect
representative forested areas and promote society’s sustainable
use of forest resources. The Canadian Council of Forest
Ministers has endorsed adoption and implementation of SFM
across the country.
In planning. Forest management planning is a rigorous,
comprehensive and open process in all provinces and territories.
Public participation and consultation with all stakeholders are
integral to SFM.
In monitoring and evaluation. The tools, processes and science-
based indicators that Canada has developed to measure and
assess SFM results make it possible to track progress and
constantly make improvements. Forest certification complements
this approach by further demonstrating industry compliance with
international third-party standards for SFM.
14. BIBLIOGRAPHY
I made this powerpoint presentation with the help of google
and I also get the information from Wikipedia My
Geography teacher Mr. Madhukar Priya also helped me to
collect information from different sources . And with the help of
my computer teacher Ms. Kamalpreet Kaur who helped me to
make this presentation . This presentation is regarding
comparative study of forest cover of India ,Canada & China.
