first aid

2. SPRAIN
 stretch and/or
tear of a
ligament
caused by a
sudden pull
 one or more
ligaments can
be injured at the
same time

4. STRAIN
 injury to either a
muscle or a
tendon as a
result of suddenlly
pulling them too
far
 simple overstretch
of muscle or
tendon, or result
of a partial or
complete tear

6. fall
sudden twist
blow to the body
that forces a joint
out of its normal
position and
stretches or tears
the ligament
supporting that
joint

7.  most common site:
the ankle
 frequently occur at
the wrist
 sprain to the thumb
common in skiing
and other sports

8. pain
swelling
bruising
loss of functional ability
sometimes a pop or tear
when the injury happens

12. twisting or
pulling a muscle
or tendon
acute or chronic
—› recent
trauma or result
of overuse

13.  two common sites: the back and the
hamstring muscle
 hand and forearm, elbow

14.  typical—›pain, limited
motion, muscle
spasms, possibly
muscle weakness
 localized swelling,
cramping, or
inflammation and,
with a minor or
moderate strain,
usually some loss of
muscle function

15. RICETherapy

16. Rest
Ice
Compressio
n
Elevation

18. Rest
Stop using injured part.
Use splint for injuries of the
arm, elbow, wrist, or hand

19.  Keep damp or dry cloth between skin and
ice pack
 Do not apply ice for longer than 15 to 20
minutes at a time

20. Use elasticized bandage,
compression sleeve, or cloth
Wrap injured part firmly
▪Do not impair blood supply
▪Too tight compression may cause more
swelling
Wrap over ice
 Loosen the bandage if it gets too tight

26. Dislocation
Displacement of the
joint/ bone
Frequently
accompanied by a
tearing or
stretching of
ligaments, muscles
or other soft tissue

28. Signs and symptoms
 Deformity of joint or limb
 Limited or abnormal
movement
 Swelling and discoloration
 Pain and tenderness
 Shortening or lengthening
of affected limb

29. A break or a crack in a bone is
called a fracture.
Many types of fractures are difficult to
determine.
If a fracture is suspected, it’s wise to get it
checked out

30.  All fractures are one of two types
1) Closed – skin over fracture is not
broken
2) Open/Compound – where the
skin over the fracture is
broken.The bone may be
visible.

33. FIRST AID CARE
 Basically the same as first aid for
fractures
 IMMOBILIZE the affected part in the
position in which it is found by using
splints and/or slings
 Avoid any movement of part because
movement can lead to additional injury
to nerves, blood vessels and other
tissues in the area
 Obtain medical help immediately

34. Stop the activity.
Survey the injured area.
First Aid if qualified.
Get help if not.
Determine if additional medical
attention is necessary.

35. Splints
Devices that can be used to immobilize
injured parts when fractures,
dislocations and other similar injuries
are present or suspected
Many commercial splints are available
 Inflatable or air splints
 Padded boards
 Traction splints (used for fractured femur)