1. WATER CYCLE IN THERMAL
POWER PLANTS

2. VARIOUS WATER QUALITIES INSIDE
THERMAL POWER PLANT
• COOLING WATER (BCW,ACW)
• BOILER WATER
• CONSUMPTIVE WATER

3. WATER TREATMENT
• PRE-TREATMENT OF RAW WATER
• FILTER WATER FOR SOFTENING AND DM
PLNAT
• DM WATER FOR BOILER

4. WHY AND HOW
• The purpose of a water treatment program is
to provide heat-exchange surfaces that are
sufficiently intact and free of deposits so that
design specifications are met. At KSTPS
suspended and soluble water impurities are
removed with the help of PAC (Poly
Aluminium Chloride) while treatment of
organic impurities at raw water & circulating
cooling water is being carried out with the
help of Liquid Chlorine.

5. WATER FLOW DIAGRAM
RAW
WATER
DRINKING
WATER
CLARIFLO
CULATOR
U/G
STORAGE
TANK
SOFTENING
PLANT
BCW
MAKE
UP
GRAVITY
FILTER
DM
PLNAT
BOILER
MAKE
UP

6. DM PLANT
For removal of Total Dissolved solids such as Ca,
Mg, Na,Cl,So4, Alkalinity, Silica etc.
ACF
UCFT
STRONG
ACID
CATION
DM
STORAGE
WATER
TANK
DEGASSER
MIXED
BED
WEAK
BASE
ANION
STRONG
BASE
ANION

7. COOLING WATER
•
•
•
•
TO AVOID SCALE FORMATION
TO CONTROL CORROSION
TO CONTROL MICRO BIOLOGICAL GROWTH
TO CONTROL VACUUM IN CONDENSER

8. VARIOUS COOLING WATER SYSTEMS
• ONCE THROUGH COOLING WATER SYSTEM
• OPEN RECIRCULATION COOLING SYSTEM
• CLOSED CYCLE COOLING WATER SYSTEM

10. pH
• pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is.
• The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs
of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater
than 7 indicates a base.
• pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free
hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water. Water that
has more free hydrogen ions is acidic, whereas water
that has more free hydroxyl ions is basic.
• pH is reported in "logarithmic units. Each number
represents a 10-fold change in the acidity/basicity of
the water. Water with a pH of five is ten times more
acidic than water having a pH of six.

11. Importance of pH
• The pH of water determines the solubility
(amount that can be dissolved in the water)
and biological availability (amount that can be
utilized by aquatic life) of chemical
constituents such as nutrients (phosphorus,
nitrogen, and carbon) and heavy metals (lead,
copper, cadmium, etc.).