Life skills education

2. Guide : Dr. Yasmin Kazi
Presenter : Dr. Mahesh Jajulwar
Dr. Alka Turuk
TNMC MUMBAI

3. INTRODUCTION
• Young age is a crucial period in the life of a person.
• The choices they make during this stage can have a long bearing on their
future.
• It has now been widely acknowledged that merely imparting knowledge
and information is not enough.
• There is an urgent need to build “practical skills” amongst adolescents and
youth, which will equips them to handle conflicts and situations that life
brings along
• It will set the right pointers and value framework that would guide
them, even later on in life.

4. What is ‘Life Skills’?
• WHO (1997)
- “The abilities for adaptive and positive behavior that enable
individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of
everyday life”
• UNICEF (2001)
-A behavior change or behavior development approach is designed to
address a balance of three areas:
Knowledge, Attitude And Skills

5. Classification
Social skills
➢Self awareness
➢Effective communication
➢Interpersonal relationship
➢Empathy
Thinking skills
➢Creative thinking
➢Critical thinking
➢Decision making
➢Problem solving
Emotional skills
➢Coping with stress
➢Coping with emotions

6. Self awareness
• “Knowing others is wisdom, knowing yourself is Enlightenment.”
• Self-awareness means a process whereby we try to reflect on our
strengths and weaknesses, likes and dislikes
• It helps us recognize and deal with stress, fear and pressure
• It is often a prerequisite for effective communication and interpersonal
relations, as well as for developing positive self-esteem

7. JOHARI WINDOW
• The Johari window is a technique created in 1955 by two American
psychologists, Joseph Luft (1916–2014) and Harrington Ingham
(1914–1995), used to help people better understand their
relationship with self and others. It is used primarily in self-help
groups and corporate settings as a self discovering exercise.
• The word JO HARI comes from the combination of first names of the
two American psychologists

11. The End Goal
The ultimate goal of the Johari Window is to enlarge the Open Area,
without disclosing information that is too personal. The Open Area
is the most important quadrant, as, generally, the more your people
know about each other, the more productive, cooperative, and
effective they'll be when working together.

12. 1

13. Known to self Unknown to self
Known by others Relaxed Calm
Self Conscious Friendly
Trust worthy Sensible
Unknown to others Happy
Introverted
Wise

14. Known to self Unknown to self
Known by others Sentimental Bold, Extroverted,
Knowledgeable, Observant,
Spontaneous
Unknown to others Confident
Friendly
Cheerful
Energetic

15. Empathy
• The ability to understand another
person’s circumstances, point of view,
thoughts, and feelings.
• When experiencing empathy,
you are able to understand someone
else’s internal experiences.

16. Self-Esteem
• It reflects a person's overall emotional evaluation of his or her own worth. It is
a judgment of oneself as well as an attitude toward the self.
• Steps you can take to increase self-esteem include:
• Changing how you think about yourself.
• Creating positive image about yourself.
• Believing in your own abilities.
• Becoming confident and optimistic about your future.
• Communicating more effectively.
• Being more assertive
• Looking for opportunities to demonstrate your skills and abilities

17. Values
• Values can be described as something we consider worthy, worthwhile,
good or have a high opinion of
• Values are beliefs, principles or standards that a person feels are important.
Your values are what “you think” is right and what you think is wrong.
• Our values are influenced by many factors, including our experiences,
perceptions, parents, school and religion.

18. Goals setting

19. Creative thinking
What is creativity?
• Is the ability to imagine or invent something new
• Creativity is also an attitude
• It is a process
• Creative people work hard and continually to
improve ideas and solutions, by making gradual
alterations and refinements to their works

20. Critical thinking
• Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally.
• It includes the ability to engage in reflective and dependent thinking.
Someone with critical thinking skills is able to do the following :
understand the logical connections between ideas.

21. Decision making
• Process of decision making- understand the problem and goals clearly
• The purpose of decisions making are
• To make decisions more rationally and wisely.
• To recognize that we really do have a choice about many important things in our lives.
• To avoid making decisions sloppily or by default.
• To avoid a variety of irrational ideas, false assumptions, fears, needs and other emotions
that block good decision making.

22. Decision Making
Exercise

23. Ways in which we make decisions
• By impulse.
• By procrastinating, or “putting off” making a decision.
• By not deciding.
• By letting others make the decisions for us.
• By evaluating all choices and then deciding.

24. Key Messages
• There are many alternative solutions for every situation or problem
• Decision-making is strongly influenced by Self-esteem.
• Every decision, including, not making a decision has a consequence
• The best decision is usually one that is consistent with one’s values.
• Best decision results from the use of a conscious decision making
process that examines alternatives
• Three C’s of Good Decision Making
• Challenge, Choices and Consequences

25. Communication
• Communication is simply the sending and receiving of messages,
intentional and unintentional, verbal and nonverbal
• Being able to communicate well is a skill that most of us have not
learned about and yet it is an essential part of good coping
• Is basic to every human relationship.
• It affects our feelings and our health

26. Effective communication and Interpersonal
relationship skills
The main components of communication:

27. • Make eye contact.
• Orient towards the speaker.
• Lean forward or sit up straight.
• Nod head or react to show understanding
that one is hearing another person.
• Repeat what someone says.
• Ask someone to repeat him or herself.
• Ask someone to explain him or herself
Listening skills

28. Assertiveness Skills
Aggressive Behavior :
• Expressing your feelings, opinions, or desires in a way that threatens or
punishes the other person
• Standing up for your own rights with no thought for the other person
• Putting yourself first at the expense of others
• Overpowering others
• Reaching your own goals, but at the sake of others
• Dominating behaviors
• Saying others are wrong

29. Passive Behavior
• Giving in to the will of others
• Leaving it to others to guess or letting them decide for you
• Taking no action to assert your own rights
• Putting others first at your expense
• Giving in to what others want, self-denying
• Remaining silent when something bothers you
• Apologizing a lot
• Physically making oneself small, fidgeting

30. Assertive Behavior
• Asking for what you want or need.
• Saying what you are really feeling whether it’s positive or negative.
• Saying “No” to what you don’t want.
• Increased cooperation from others.
• Higher self-esteem and greater self-confidence.

31. Pankaj and Sangita like each other. Pankaj wants her to come to his
house when his parents are not at home. since he often talks about
getting into a more physical relationship, Sangita is feeling perturbed at
the same time pressurised to be alone with him. She tries to speak
about her feelings a few times, but Pankaj keeps interrupting her.
Sangita, her head down, finally says to Pankaj, in a soft voice, I know
you’ll think I’m silly, but…Pankaj interrupts again, approaches Sangita
nose to nose, and says loudly with his hands on his hips, .You are silly,
and not only that, you’re childish too! Sangita hangs her head down,
looks at the ground, and agrees to go to Pankaj’s house.
Role Play- 1

32. Tina has been upset with Kamal. When she sees him, she says, “Kamal,
I need to talk to you right now. Could we talk where no one is around?
Moving to another room, Tina sits straight with her hands on the table
and looks Kamal in the eye. She says in a calm but firm voice, I’ve
thought about your suggestion for our date, but I feel uncomfortable
about it. I think we need more time to be close friends before being
alone. I really like you and I know you’d like if we get some private
time, but I’m not ready for it yet.Is that OK with you?
Role Play- 2

34. Assertiveness is necessary for
• Increasing your self-confidence and self respect
• Reducing your need for others’ approval.
• Having courage to take a stand.
• Dealing with conflict openly & fairly.
• Getting your needs satisfied.
• Having healthier relationship with others.
• Resolve problems and conflicts positively

35. Refusal Skills
• Refusal Skills give practical ideas on how to say “No”
• Practicing refusal skills teaches young people how to handle dangerous
encounters like being asked to use alcohol or other drugs with
confidence.
• At the end of the session the people will be able to:
• Provide the ability to say “No” to unwanted advances or risky situations

36. How to Say “No”
exercise

37. Key Messages
• To say “No” and make it stick, you could
• Use humor.
• State the facts.
• Come up with another idea.
• Walk away.
• Use an excuse.
• Don’t pay any attention.
• Be polite

38. The “NICE” way to say “No”
N- Say “No,” not, “Maybe” or “Later.”
I- Follow with an “I” statement
C- If pressure continues, “Change”
E- If these strategies don’t help, you needs an “Exit” plan

39. Conflict
•Conflict is defined as the “competitive or opposing action or
incompatible antagonistic state or action (as of divergent
ideas, interests, or persons).”
•conflict is couched in different expressions such as
controversy, clash, battle and interactive warfare.
•Conflict is a part of the natural world. When we encounter
personal or professional conflict, we need extra skills to
cope.

40. Conflict Scenario
Aman and Samira have been going around for a while and really like each other.
Neither of them is seeing anyone else. Aman, however, still gets very jealous if
Samira pays attention to other guys. Recently, Samira and her long time friend
Ajay started working together after school on oral report they will make to their
English class. Aman is scared that Ajay might be trying to get close to Samira and
he wants her to stop working with him. He says it is not right for them to meet
after school and spend hours together. His friends have been making remarks
about it. Besides, he wants to spend more time with her. Samira likes Ajay, but
only as a friend. She wants Aman to trust her and to stop acting jealous all the
time. She says there is no way she will stop working with Ajay: he is an “A”
student and he is hoping to bring up her grade in English by doing a really good
job presenting the report with him.
How can Samira and Aman work this out so that each “wins?”

42. • Negotiation is one way to manage conflict
• Successful negotiations often depend on finding
the win-win aspects in any situation.
• The key to successful negotiation is to shift the situation to
a “win-win” even if it looks like a “win-lose”
situation
NEGOTIATION SKILLS

43. EIGHT PILLARS OF NEGOTIATION SKILL
•CONSCIOUS OF DIFFERENT POSITION AND
INTEREST
•BE CREATIVE
•BE FAIR
•BE PREPARED TO COMMIT
•ACTIVE LISTENER
•CONSCIOUS ABOUT IMPORTANCE OF RELATION
•BEST ALTERNATIVES
•BE PREPARED

44. Social Behavior
• There are two types of social behavior—those that are acceptable to
others and those that are not (unacceptable).
• For every unacceptable behavior or mannerism there is an acceptable
counterpart and it is important to identify these.

45. Relationships
•It is important to know how to have healthy relationships with the
people in our lives.
•Healthy relationships increase our self-esteem, improve mental
and emotional health, and help us have fuller lives
• Interpersonal relationships are the heart and soul of human
experience

47. Feelings
• Feelings and thoughts are different, but also are one and the same.
They are like the head and tail of a coin.
• Feelings are emotions and sensations and they are different from
thoughts, beliefs, interpretations and convictions

49. Coping with emotions
• Identify what is an emotion?
• Identify different types of emotions
• Identify the difference between a emotion
and behavior and a emotion and thought.
• Identify two major categories of emotions:
Good And Bad.
• Identify the difference between emotional feelings and physical feelings of pain,
hunger and so on.

50. EXPRESSING FEELINGS
IN A HEALTHY MANNER
•USE I STATEMENTS-THEY HELP IN EXPRESING FEELING
HONESTLY
•EXPRESS THINGS PRODUCTIVELY
•RESPECTFULLY CONFRONT SOME ONE
•CLARIFY WHAT YOU EXACTLY FEEL
•COMMUNICATE DIFFICULT FEELINGS IN A MANNER THAT
THE OTHER PERSON THAT THE OTHER PERSON LISTENS
•PREVENT FEELING FROM BUILDING UP

51. Pressure
• If feelings are not expressed or shared, then pressure builds
inside the person and the effects can be harmful
• Using drugs/alcohol does not relieve the person of the
pressure, rather it increases because the person loses
his/her innate ability to solve problems effectively.

52. • STRESS can be defined as “a state of physical or
psychological strain which imposes demands for
adjustments upon the individual”

53. Aggression Volcano
• It is important to speak up when someone
hurts you or upsets you in order to keep
feelings of anger from building up,
until they explode.

54. Handling Stress
• An individual can reduce stress by:
1. Cultivating belief in self.
2. Developing Inner-directed personality.
3. Developing self-coping mechanism for stress- reduction
4. Cultivating positive habits, based on interest, such as
sports, Breathing exercise, Yoga and Meditation.

55. Relaxation Technique

56. Anger Management
• Anger is often the result of feeling hurt, being
ignored, rejected, or feeling disrespected.
• Steps of Expressing Anger Respectfully:
• Acknowledge your anger.
• Take a – Time Out.
• Identify and examine sources of your feelings.
• Separate energy of anger from issues related to
anger.
• Decide how & when you will express your anger.
• Talk to the person. Be open, direct and respectful.
• Make “I” statements.
• Listen to the other person’s point of view.

57. What we learn?
• To be able to explore alternatives
• Weigh pros and cons
• Make rational decisions
• Communicate effectively
• To say “No”
• Be assertive

58. Thus, The ‘Life Skills’ ….
• Are Applied
In Various Aspects Of Life
In Human Relationships, Learning About Rights & Responsibilities
In Health Issues:
Mental Health-Stresses
HIV-AIDS /STD Prevention
Drug abuse,
Sexual violence
Teenage pregnancy
Suicide Prevention

59. Build friendly relationships.
（In terp erso nal）
Understand one’s self
Self( -awareness)
Life Skills
A bilities to deal with and
solve daily problems
Express one’s self through words and
attitude.
（Com munication ）
Feel empathy for others.
（Em path y）
Think ob jectiv ely and critica lly .
（Cr itical T hinking ）
Solv e p rob lems p ositiv ely .
（Problem Solving ）
Decide and Judge on one’s own
(D ecision- making)
Thi nk wi th creati vity and im agi nati on.
（Cr eative T hinking ）
Control stress.
(M anaging S tress and Feelings)